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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Compositional Variation Tests on DuraMelter 100 with LAW Sub-Envelope C2 Feed in Support of the LAW Pilot Melter (Final Report)

One of the principal objectives of the DM100 melter tests was to demonstrate that the LAW Sub-Envelope C2 feeds with ± 15% variations in the amounts of waste simulant are suitable for large-scale tests on the LAW Pilot melter. The other principle objective for the DM100 tests was to determine the relative effects of sugar versus waste organics on glass redox state, NOx emissions, sulfur emissions, sulfur retention in the glass, secondary sulfate layer formation, and glass-melt foaming. Additional objectives included measurement of the feed rheological properties and collection of melter emissions data. Screening tests are conducted at the DM100 scale in order to identify and correct potential problems before testing at the larger scale LAW Pilot melter. Testing goals were met in that the results of the DM100 melter test resulted in selection of LAW Sub-Envelope C2 feed suitable for Pilot Melter testing.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Wholesale Electricity Analysis via Simulation & Learning Experiments (WEASLE): Platform Development and Pilot Competition

This document reports the development of the Wholesale Electricity Analysis via Simulation and Learning Experiments (WEASLE) platform and the pilot competition that was conducted to test the platform. Due to the increasing reliance on variable renewable energy resources for bulk power, the pilot competition, called the Energy Storage Participation Algorithm Competition (ESPA-Comp), was used to test the effect of various market designs on storage utilization and market efficiency. Basic details of the platform are provided, including an overview of the market clearing engine, the battery dispatch and degradation models, electric grid topology and resource mix, and software architecture. Two market designs were tested: a two-settlement market analogous to typical ISO design today, and a multi-settlement market that allows additional forward-trading periods during the real-time market. Results from the pilot competition show that the storage bidding problem is nontrivial and is well suited for future challenges. We find that: 1) all four teams utilized different approaches to the bidding problem, 2) different methodological approaches led to substantially different offer behaviors, 3) resource profits are clustered by team and methodological approach, 4) simulated offers reduced market surplus by about 0.5%, 5) substantially different prices between two-settlement and multi-settlement markets albeit minimal difference in overall market surplus.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Lighting for Health and Wellness Recommendations in Offices: A Circadian Lighting Pilot Project in Chicago, IL

In 2019 Cook County initiated a request for proposals for a pilot project aimed at designing and specifying an advanced tunable lighting system for government offices in Chicago, Illinois. The primary goal of the project was to replace the existing tubular LED (TLED) lighting system with a lighting system that supported the circadian rhythms and wellbeing their office employees. A secondary goal was to evaluate the potential impacts of the new lighting system, informing Cook County’s internal workplace design standards. Schuler Shook, a Chicago-based lighting design firm, was awarded the Circadian Lighting Pilot Project in October 2019 and invited Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to contribute as a research partner. Based on the initial project goals, Schuler Shook and PNNL established design objectives that would enable a human factors study in the office spaces, investigating the benefits and drawbacks of using a tunable LED lighting system to meet existing recommendations for lighting and health. The following report details the lighting design process through design development, with summaries of the relevant circadian lighting metrics, simulation tools, energy considerations, and research plan for the Circadian Lighting Pilot Project.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Cross-flow separation characteristics and piloting of graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane sheets and tubes for kraft black liquor concentration

Dewatering of weak black liquor (WBL) in the kraft cycle by evaporation is highly energy intensive. Membranes are an attractive alternative for energy-efficient dewatering, but existing commercial polymeric or ceramic membranes are either degraded in BL or have high capital costs. Our recent works have demonstrated the engineering of graphene oxide (GO) nanofiltration membranes, their stability and promising performance in BL conditions, and preliminary scale-up into sheets and tubes. Here, we describe in detail the separation characteristics of GO membrane sheets and tubes under real BL conditions and crossflow operation. Recycle-mode piloting of a GO tubular membrane showed average “production flux” of 16 L/m2/h (LMH) and high rejections of lignin (98.3%), total solids (66%), and total organic carbon (83%), with no signs of irreversible fouling identified. A corresponding GO sheet membrane produced an average flux of ~25 LMH and maintained high lignin rejection of ~97% during a slipstream pilot at a kraft mill site using WBL with ~16 wt% total solids (TS). Finally, we piloted a Dow/DuPont XUS1808 polyamide composite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for last-mile processing of the GO nanofiltration membrane permeate. The RO membrane showed a steady state flux of 19 LMH at 65 bar and produced ~0.02 wt% TS water product, which is highly suitable for reuse in pulp washing operations in the kraft process. The results have strong positive implications for the industrial application of GO membranes in BL concentration and other related applications.

Materials Science↗
DOE OSTI2022

Plasma Imaging, LOcal Measurement, and Tomographic Experiment (PILOT): A Mission Concept for Transformational Multi-Scale Observations of Mass and Energy Flow Dynamics in Earth’s Magnetosphere

We currently do not understand the fundamental physical processes that govern mass and energy flow through the Earth’s magnetosphere. Knowledge of these processes is critical to understanding the mass loss rate of Earth’s atmosphere, as well as for determining the role that a planetary magnetic field plays in atmospheric retention, and therefore habitability, for Earth-like planets beyond the solar system. Mass and energy flow processes are challenging to determine at Earth in part because Earth’s planetary magnetic field creates a complex “system of systems” composed of interdependent plasma populations and overlapping spatial regions that perpetually exchange mass and energy across a broad range of temporal and spatial scales. Further, the primary mass carrier in the magnetosphere is cold plasma (as cold as ~0.1 eV), which is invisible to many space-borne instruments that operate in the inner magnetosphere. The Plasma Imaging LOcal and Tomographic experiment (PILOT) mission concept, described here, provides the transformational multi-scale observations required to answer fundamental open questions about mass and energy flow dynamics in the Earth’s magnetosphere. PILOT uses a constellation of spacecraft to make radio tomographic, remote sensing, and in-situ measurements simultaneously, fully capturing cold plasma mass dynamics and its impact on magnetospheric systems over an unprecedented range of spatial and temporal scales. This article details the scientific motivation for the PILOT mission concept as well as a potential mission implementation.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1959

Studies of Pilot Control During Launching and Reentry of Space Vehicles, Utilizing the Human Centrifuge

With the ever increasing complexity of airplanes and the nearness to reality of manned space vehicles the use of pilot-controlled flight simulators has become imperative. The state of the art in flight simulation has progressed well with the demand. Pilot-controlled flight simulators are finding increasing uses in aeromedical research, airplane and airplane systems design, and preflight training. At the present many flight simulators are in existence with various degrees of sophistication and sundry purposes. These vary from fixed base simulators where the pilot applies control inputs according to visual cues presented to him on an instrument display to moving base simulators where various combinations of angular and linear motions are added in an attempt to improve the flight simulation.

Clark, Carl C.↗
NASA NTRS1970

Pilot impressions of lifting body vehicles

Piloting aspects of the lifting body vehicles are discussed in this paper by two of the pilots assigned to the flight program. Subjects discussed include: approach, landing, and energy management considerations; field of view requirements, stability considerations, and vehicle riding qualities, including the effects of turbulence. Remarks pertinent to the various subject areas are made by each pilot.

William H Dana↗
NASA NTRS1972

Pilot dynamics for instrument approach tasks: Full panel multiloop and flight director operations

Measurements and interpretations of single and mutiloop pilot response properties during simulated instrument approach are presented. Pilot subjects flew Category 2-like ILS approaches in a fixed base DC-8 simulaton. A conventional instrument panel and controls were used, with simulated vertical gust and glide slope beam bend forcing functions. Reduced and interpreted pilot describing functions and remmant are given for pitch attitude, flight director, and multiloop (longitudinal) control tasks. The response data are correlated with simultaneously recorded eye scanning statistics, previously reported in NASA CR-1535. The resulting combined response and scanning data and their interpretations provide a basis for validating and extending the theory of manual control displays.

Weir, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The power law for the perception of rotation by airline pilots.

The purpose of this study was to determine the power laws for the perception of rotation about the three major body axes. Eighteen airline pilots made magnitude estimates of 5-sec pulses of nine angular accelerations having a range of acceleration x time of 10-150 deg/sec. The results showed that (1) the power law with an exponent of 1.4 describes the subjective motion of these pilots for all three major body axes, (2) the power law also describes the perception of motion for individual pilots with a substantial range of exponents, (3) there were significant correlations among the exponents for the three body axes, and (4) the data suggest that the power law over the wide range used may be more complex than implied by a formula with a single exponent.

Clark, B.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Flight-test experience in digital control of a remotely piloted vehicle.

The development of a remotely piloted vehicle system consisting of a remote pilot cockpit and a ground-based digital computer coupled to the aircraft through telemetry data links is described. The feedback control laws are implemented in a FORTRAN program. Flight-test experience involving high feedback gain limits for attitude and attitude rate feedback variables, filtering of sampled data, and system operation during intermittent telemetry data link loss is discussed. Comparisons of closed-loop flight tests with analytical calculations, and pilot comments on system operation are included.

Edwards, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Pilot performance with a simulated ILS independence pictorial display

As part of a general investigation of the effectiveness of pictorial displays for manual control and monitoring of aircraft approaches and landings, a simulator study was conducted in which pilot performance with three pictorial displays was evaluated. These displays differed in the type of guidance symbology added to the basic perspective runway display. The effect of decreased resolution and update rate of the runway image on pilot performance was also determined. The results indicate that for pictorial displays with added guidance symbology, there was a marked improvement in pilot performance compared to results of a previous study in which the display consisted of only a runway image and aircraft attitude.

Palmer, E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

V/STOL tilt rotor aircraft study. Volume 9: Piloted simulator evaluation of the Boeing Vertol model 222 tilt rotor aircraft

The results of a real time piloted simulation to investigate the handling qualities and performance of a tilting rotor aircraft design are presented. The aerodynamic configuration of the aircraft is described. The procedures for conducting the simulator evaluation are reported. Pilot comments of the aircraft handling qualities under various simulated flight conditions are included. The time histories of selected pilot maneuvers are shown.

Rosenstein, H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Effects of helicopter noise and vibration on pilot performance (as measured in a fixed-base flight simulator)

The effects of noise and vibration on pilot performance are described. Pilot subjects were required to fly VTOL commercial IFR schedules using the computer simulation facilities. The routes flown simulated closely metropolitan routes flown currently by a helicopter airline. The duration of simulator flights ranged from 3 to 8 hours. Subjects were exposed to noise sound pressure levels ranging from 74dB (ambient) to 100dB and 17 Hz vibration stimuli ranging from .1 g to .3 g measured at the floor directly beneath the pilot's seat. Despite subject reports of extreme fatigue in these long flights, performance did not degrade. A curve of performance shows a slow improvement for the first three hours of exposure and a slight loss in performance during the remainder of the flight. As environmental stress conditions (noise, vibration, and time in the simulator) increased, subject performance improved. Within the limits of this study, the higher the stress the better the performance.

Stave, A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Design of a flight director/configuration management system for piloted STOL approaches

The design and characteristics of a flight director for V/STOL aircraft are discussed. A configuration management system for piloted STOL approaches is described. The individual components of the overall system designed to reduce pilot workload to an acceptable level during curved, decelerating, and descending STOL approaches are defined. The application of the system to augmentor wing aircraft is analyzed. System performance checks and piloted evaluations were conducted on a flight simulator and the results are summarized.

Hoh, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Apparatus for applying simulator g-forces to an arm of an aircraft simulator pilot

A device to be used with an aircraft simulator to apply positive and negative g forces to the pilot's arm is described. An arm harness fits around the arm which the pilot uses to operate the throttle. The device allows the harness to track intentional arm movements without exerting any restraining forces, and at the same time, applies g forces to to the pilots arm which are recorded by the aircraft simulator computer.

Ashworth, B. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

A study of light airplane pilot landing performance

The results of a total of 289 landings performed with a low-wing aircraft by a group of private pilots on long and short runways have been analyzed to determine the landing performance of these pilots. Both the long- and short-runway landings show significant variation from straight or uniformly curved trajectories, denoting considerable 'jockeying' on the part of the pilot during approach. The long-runway approach speeds were variable and higher than recommended. Considerable float followed by touchdown at speeds well above stall were noted. The short-runway landings were quite similar, except that approach speeds were slightly lower as a result of the use of two-thirds to full flaps, and touchdown occurred closer to the threshold.

Obryan, T. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

An exploratory flight investigation of helicopter sling-load placements using a closed-circuit television as a pilot aid

Helicopter sling load operations have been limited during pick up and delivery of external cargo by the lack of precision achieved by the combination of pilot, helicopter, and sling load. Use of a closed circuit television as a pilot aid during sling load delivery and placement was documented along with additional cases representing procedures currently employed by military and commercial operators. Although an increase in pilot workload was noted when the television system was used, the results indicated a comparable level of performance for each test case.

Dicarlo, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Analysis of longitudinal pilot-induced oscillation tendencies of YF-12 aircraft

Aircraft flight and ground tests and simulator studies were conducted to explore pilot-induced oscillation tendencies. Linear and nonlinear calculations of the integrated flight control system's characteristics were made to analyze and predict the system's performance and stability. The investigations showed that the small-amplitude PIO tendency was caused by the interaction of the pilot with a combination of the aircraft's short-period poles and the structural first bending mode zeros. It was found that the large-amplitude PIO's were triggered by abrupt corrective control actions by the pilot, which caused the stability augmentation system servo to position and rate limit. The saturation in turn caused additional phase lag, further increasing the tendency of the overall system to sustain a PIO.

Smith, J. W.↗