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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Dragonstone Strategy Kickoff Report [Slides]

The oil & natural gas (ONG) system like any other heavy industrial process, relies on a complex system of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) devices. Cyber-preparedness varies across the ONG industry from organization to organization. Common challenges include remote locations, long-lived field assets, and insufficient capabilities to find and track malware. ONG companies tend to be concerned with lack of cyber-awareness from employees, risk stemming from remote access for operations & maintenance, and software vulnerabilities within third-party equipment. For a variety of reasons, the general consensus from stakeholders interviewed by LLNL is that the state of cybersecurity within the electric grid is currently outpacing its ONG cousin. Existing strategies for the resilience and cybersecurity of the electric grid can and should be leveraged to provide immediate benefits to the ONG system. In LLNL’s view, there are two key factors currently limiting the development of necessary cyber-practices within the ONG industry: regulatory overlap and inefficiencies, and lack of industry awareness of potentially useful technologies for solving known issues. In the months following this report, LLNL will develop a cyber-resilience roadmap for the oil & gas pipeline sector, coupling threat intelligence, industry knowledge base, and ongoing outreach

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2020

Site 200 #1400 Block Area New Trailers Project, Soil Sampling and Analysis Plan/Quality Assurance Plan

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) Project Management Office (PMO) is proposing to install a series of modular trailers and install associated underground utilities in the 1400 Block at the Livermore Site. This Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) outlines the processes and procedures to collect environmental and geotechnical soil samples from the project area and to send the samples to the appropriate laboratory or laboratories for analysis or testing. The resulting environmental laboratory data will determine whether excavated soils can be reused on the project, or which type of landfill or landfills the soils may be sent for disposal. This SAP has been prepared and is organized to be consistent with LLNL's Soils Screening and Management Plan (SSMP) (LLNL, 2019), as well as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Data Quality Objectives programs (EPA, 2006).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Containment Chamber Systems Engineering Project

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a leading research laboratory in material properties. The most notable facility at LLNL capable of determining equation of state data for hazardous materials is the National Ignition Facility (NIF). NIF is the most energetic laser in the world and is a very versatile system that allows for a variety of laser configurations and diagnostics. The flexibility that NIF offers makes it an attractive tool for high budget programs researching specific areas of interest. Some programs require many tests to be performed, and although NIF could be an option for performing these tests, the cost and time to perform the tests would not be feasible. Also, many of these tests would underutilize the full capacity of NIF’s lasers, and NIF does not have a dedicated light source suitable for the diagnostic requirement. The needs of these tests do not align with NIF’s capabilities. The physicists are the main stakeholders for the tests, and they require a third-generation light source to meet the desired diagnostic performance. The Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) within the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is the facility that will meet necessary laser performance and the X-ray diagnostic performance in order to obtain the desired data. DCS does not have the capability to test hazardous material, and therefore DCS requires a method and hardware for ensuring that no hazardous material is exposed before, during, or after the test. After taking a system engineering evaluation of the need for a solution to perform laser shock experiments on hazardous materials with certain laser and X-ray characteristics, a solution is proposed that meets the requirements of each involved stakeholder. The proposed solution is to contain the targets within sealed vacuum chamber that will meet the protection requirements of each facility. The chamber would be assembled and pumped down at LLNL in facilities that can handle hazardous material. Then, the chamber would be shipped under vacuum to DCS, where the chamber will be inserted into the beam paths. DCS’s laser will enter the sealed chamber and impart a shock into the target of hazardous material while the X-ray will simultaneously image the material. Once each target has been fired, the chamber will be removed from the beam path and shipped to the proper disposal facility.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

NESHAPs CY19 Report: Radionuclide Air Emission Report for 2019

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC operates facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in which radionuclides are handled and stored. These facilities are subject to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40, Part 61, Subpart H, which regulates radionuclide emissions to air from Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Specifically, NESHAPs limits the emission of radionuclides to the ambient air to levels resulting in an annual effective dose equivalent of 10 mrem (100 μSv) to any member of the public. Using measured and calculated emissions, and building-specific and common parameters, LLNL personnel applied the EPA-approved computer code, CAP88-PC, Version 4.0.1.17, to calculate the dose to the maximally exposed individual member of the public for the Livermore Site and Site 300. In 2019, LLNL maintained its compliance with 40 CFR 61, Subpart H. All radioactive air emissions resulted in calculated doses far below the annual 10 mrem (100 μSv) sitewide standard. The annual doses to the site-wide maximally exposed individual member of the public at the Livermore Site and Site 300 from planned and unplanned operations in 2019 are: Livermore Site: 4.3 x 10⁻³ mrem (4.3 x 10⁻² μSv); Site 300: 9.5 x 10⁻⁸ mrem (9.5 x 10⁻⁷ μSv).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

M4SF-20LL010301042: Updated Thermodynamic Database for Use in Generic Disposal System Assessment

This progress report (Level 4 Milestone Number M4SF-20LL010301042) summarizes research conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) within the Argillite Activity Number SF-20LL010301041. LLNL is leading efforts in the development of thermodynamic databases in support of the Spent Fuel and Waste Science Technology (SFWST) program. Thermodynamic models provide the basis for understanding the stability of solid phases and speciation of aqueous species and modeling the evolution of repository conditions. The LLNL effort is being performed in coordination with other US database development efforts. The effort includes a review of available thermochemical databases and a path forward for database integration. International coordination with the NEA-TDB is supported through crystalline international work package.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

NNSA-IAEC Science Area V Environmental ISR: Waste Management and Subsurface Science (Final Report FY18-FY20)

In August 2017, the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and the Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) launched a joint waste management program to evaluate the feasibility of siting a radioactive waste repository at intermediate depths in Israel. The bilateral collaboration involves three National Laboratories (LLNL, LANL, and Sandia), and the Nuclear Research Center, Negev, Geological Survey of Israel, and Ben Gurion University in Israel. This research is designed to assist with the evaluation of locations for an intermediate nuclear waste repository in Israel. This final report is a high-level summary of the results from the past three years by the team that worked on the WM-2: Radionuclide colloid-facilitated transport in fractured carbonate rock project for Science Area V, Environmental ISR: Subsurface Science and Waste Management. We have completed all of our tasks and met all of our milestones. MW-2 had three integrated tasks. Task 1 was laboratory experiments investigating colloid transport of radionuclides in natural fractured carbonate rocks from the Avdat formation, Israel. Task 2 was field experiments injecting radionuclide analogues pre-sorbed to clay colloids into fractured carbonate rock, and task 3 was numerical modeling of laboratory and field experimental results to assess the importance of colloids in the migration of relevant radionuclides. This task was incorporated into tasks 1 and 2. A 4 th task was initiated in FY20, to investigate the role of organics in facilitating radionuclide transport under the same conditions explored in task 1 due to the high organic content of the rocks being investigated for the immediate borehole locations. Preliminary results will be summarized here and the work will continue in FY21-23. The overall objective of this research is to evaluate the role of colloids (naturally occurring < 1 micron particles) in facilitating the transport of long-lived radionuclides from a nuclear waste repository situated in fractured carbonate rocks. Currently little data exists on radionuclide transport in carbonate rocks, but this is the main rock type available for siting a repository in Israel. Laboratory experiments were carried out in both Israel and the U.S., field experiments have taken place in Israel, and reactive transport modeling involved LLNL, LANL and Israel partner institutions. LLNL hosted a graduate student, Emily Tran, from Ben Gurion University in FY18 and FY19 and much of the work presented here was part of her PhD research.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Surveys at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - Site 300

This report describes the results of a visual survey conducted in 2020 to determine the potential presence of the federally listed Threatened Valley elderberry longhorn beetle (VELB; Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) and the quantity and quality of its host plant, blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea) on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) Experimental Test Site, known as Site 300. In addition, an area located immediately southeast of Site 300, which is owned and managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), but secured by LLNL, was also included in this survey. This report will refer to the survey areas as the LLNL-Site 300 and the CDFW site. The 2020 survey included mapping the locations of elderberry plants that were observed using a global positioning system (GPS) to obtain positional coordinates for every elderberry plant at Site 300 and the CDFW site. In addition, observations of VELB emergence holes on elderberry plants were also mapped using GPS.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Cloud-Feedback Model Intercomparison Project: Tier 2 Simulations (Final Report)

The University of Miami (Subcontractor)’s Research Scientist James Benedict (with oversight by PI Amy Clement) was tasked with producing global climate model simulations as part of the Cloud-Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Tier 2 protocol, managing the output of these simulations, providing assistance (as requested) to staff at Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) regarding model output and setup, and meeting with LLNL scientists and team members to coordinate work on the project. The simulations represent an important contribution to the CFMIP data repository and will advance understanding of a wide range of critical cloud, circulation, and precipitation responses to climate change. The Subcontractor completed all proposed simulations, formatted the model output to be compliant with CFMIP protocols, and published the model data to the CFMIP repository. When requested, the Subcontractor provided assistance to LLNL for model output and configuration queries. Benedict and/or Clement also met in person or virtually 1-2 times per year with project scientists to coordinate work and review results.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

2018 Report on Rare Plant Monitoring and Restoration at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s Experimental Test Site (Site 300)

This document meets the reporting requirements of LLNL’s California Endangered Species Act Scientific, Educational, or Management Permit (No. 2081 (a)-15-005-RP) for 2018. Section A describes monitoring and field activities conducted by LLNL biologists at the Site 300 native and experimental populations and the Carnegie Canyon native population of the federally-endangered plant, Amsinckia grandiflora (the large-flowered fiddleneck), between January 2018 and December 2018. In addition, monitoring and field activities conducted by LLNL biologists at the Site 300 native populations of the rare plants Eschscholzia rhombipetala (the diamond-petaled California poppy) and Blepharizonia plumosa (the big tarplant) between January 2018 and December 2018 are described in Sections B and C, respectively. Both plants have a California Rare Plant Rank (CRPR) of 1B, which includes species that are rare or endangered throughout their range. California macrophylla (the round-leaved filaree), formerly had a CRPR of 1B, but was downgraded to CBR (Considered But Rejected) in December 2017, as the species was “too common statewide: counties that contain small, localized populations under severe threat should track C. macrophylla as a species of local concern” (California Native Plant Society, 2018). As C. macrophylla is widespread at Site 300 (Carlsen and Paterson, 2018), 2018 will be the final year of monitoring C. macrophylla at Site 300, the results of which are described in Section D. Monitoring of the Navarretia nigelliformis ssp. radians (adobe navarretia), a CRPR 1B species, is planned, and results will be included in future reports.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development of Gyrosole™ and Solar Thermal HVAC Technology for 20-60kW Applications, Final Report, CRADA No. TC02164.0

This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Sol Xorce LLC to develop LLNL’s Gyrosole™ solar thermal energy system. The original scope of the CRADA project was to develop LLNL’s Gyrosole™thermal-powered motor technology for solar thermal energy system use, and was originally entitled, "Development of Gyrosole™ Solar Thermal Technology for 20-60 kW Applications". The scope and title of the project were later modified under Amendment One to the CRADA. The technical objective of this CRADA project was to develop Gyrosole™ motor technology so that it is marketplace-ready, and to produce a motor prototype that: Produces 50kW power at >22% efficiency; Operates oil-free; Has sufficient reliability and lifetime to be suitable for both commercial and residential applications; Costs less than $100 per kW installed to produce at scale; and, Can be combined cost-effectively to produce 200kW. The motor prototype would be integrated into model systems that provide electricity generation in combination with air/water heating, heat-pump driven cooling, desiccant dehumidification, and light industrial heat supply.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Enhancements supporting IC usage of PEM libraries on next-gen platforms

This milestone reports on the culmination of several years of effort by multiple PEM support software development teams to provide capabilities for use in LLNL-developed integrated codes on next-gen ASC platforms, including GPU support. We will provide a survey of relevant Application Program Interfaces (API) that are required to support LLNL IC code capability on relevant architectures, with a focus on Sierra and El Capitan. We will identify and summarize all dependencies between PEM supported libraries and IC supported physics codes. We will provide an assessment of algorithmic improvements that have been deployed, as well as future developments that are required to complete the GPU porting efforts. This assessment will include a description of programming models adopted by each of the PEM projects, distinct algorithmic challenges for each of the capabilities, and information about sharing GPU memory between the APIs and host codes. We will develop targeted test problems to assess computational performance. Finally, this milestone will result in identification of gaps in our effort to assist the LLNL ASC program in prioritization of effort for porting software to El Capitan.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Surveys at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - Site 300

This report describes the results of a visual survey conducted in fall 2020 and spring 2021 to determine the potential presence of the federally listed Threatened Valley elderberry longhorn beetle (VELB; Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) and the quantity and quality of its host plant, blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea) on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) Experimental Test Site, known as Site 300. In addition, an area located immediately southeast of Site 300, which is owned and managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), but secured by LLNL, was also included in this survey. This report will refer to the survey areas as the LLNL-Site 300 and the CDFW site. The fall 2020 survey included mapping the locations of elderberry plants that were observed using a global positioning system (GPS) to obtain positional coordinates for every elderberry plant at Site 300 and the CDFW site. In addition, observations of VELB emergence holes on elderberry plants were also mapped using GPS. The spring 2021 survey revisited most of the elderberry locations mapped in the fall of 2020 and surveyed for any new emergence holes or presence of VELB. Those locations not revisited were either considered poor VELB habitat (non-riparian) or were located within active Tricolored blackbird (Agelaius tricolor), nesting sites.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

2020 Mitigation and Monitoring Report for the Arroyo Las Positas Management Project

This report describes maintenance, monitoring, and mitigation conducted in 2020 as part of the Arroyo Las Positas Management Project (the project) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL’s) Livermore Site. The purpose of this project is to enhance habitat value for the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) within the LLNL reach of Arroyo Las Positas and protect LLNL facilities from flooding. The project description, in addition to the monitoring and mitigation requirements for this project are described in the October 2015 Revised Mitigation and Monitoring Plan for the Arroyo Las Positas Management Project (MMP) and the Formal Consultation on the Proposed Arroyo Maintenance Project on Arroyo Las Positas at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (biological opinion; Service File Numbers 1-1-97-F-173 and 1-1-98-I-1562).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

SUPCRTNE Thermodynamic Database Engine

This progress report (Level 4 Milestone Number M4SF-21LL010301052) summarizes research conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) within the Argillite Activity Number SF-21LL01030105. LLNL is leading efforts in the development of thermodynamic databases in support of the Spent Fuel and Waste Science Technology (SFWST) program. Thermodynamic models provide the basis for understanding the stability of solid phases and speciation of aqueous species and modeling the evolution of repository conditions. The LLNL effort is being performed in coordination with other US database development efforts. The effort includes a review of available thermochemical databases and a path forward for database integration. International coordination with the NEA-TDB is supported through crystalline international work package.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Passerine Bird Surveys for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Site 200

Pursuant to Subcontract Number B644180 between ECORP Consulting, Inc. (ECORP) and Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. (LLNS) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), ECORP conducted passerine bird and waterfowl surveys at LLNL Livermore Site 200 (Site 200) during the spring and summer of 2021. While the point-count surveys were considered passerine and waterfowl surveys, other non-passerine species (e.g. raptors, doves, woodpeckers, hummingbirds) were surveyed for as well. LLNL conducts annual monitoring for nesting raptors at the Livermore Site 200. Because of this, raptors were not included as target species in this scope of work. The purpose of the surveys was to document the presence and abundance of all avian species in support of a Site-wide Environmental Impact Statement. Particular focus of the survey was on special status bird species.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

SoW: Energy-Dependent Fission Product Yields

The purpose of this LLNL subcontract is to capitalize on our already established long-term relationship with Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL) to study fission observables like Fission Product Yields (FPY), fission cross-section and other data relevant to our programmatic needs. LLNL with Duke university partnership, wants to further develop new experimental capabilities to measure critical nuclear data important for LLNL stakeholders. The new FPY data will provide important benchmarks for nuclear theory and evaluation currently developed by the nuclear data and theory group. The improved FPY data is of interest to many major laboratory programs, including nuclear chemistry, nuclear forensics, safeguard, and nonproliferation communities. The impact of new FPY data, obtained by a graduate student from Duke (Aitor Bracho), will result in the U.S. Nuclear Data Program.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Report on Field Test at INL Cask Farm of Single Detector Fast Neutron Spent Fuel Cask Verification System

Detecting diversion of spent fuel elements in dry storage casks is challenging due to the thick shielding used in cask construction. Measurements on top of the cask to map the underlying arrangement of the fuel elements and looking for anomalous changes over time has proven difficult to achieve using gamma rays due to the high scattering and attenuation from the thick steel structure, weakening information on the present or absence of fuel bundles. Simulations and laboratory experiments suggest that the high-energy neutron flux (>200 keV) measured directly above each fuel bundle is sufficient to produce a position map that enables detection of the present or absence of fuel bundles, and therefore diversion of a spent fuel bundle. A single-detector spent-fuel monitoring technique based on this principle was development at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The INL Cask Farm in the INTEC technical area at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) offers the capability to test this technique on an MC-10 storage cask which has a distribution of full and empty fuel positions. An experimental test plan for the single-detector verification system was developed in consultation with INL personnel to be completed in FY2021. Due to travel advisories related to COVID-19, the experimental test plan was adapted to enable INL personnel to carry out the measurements in consultation with LLNL personnel following shipment of the LLNL system to INL. Field test measurements of the single detector verification system were successfully carried out at the INL cask farm on September 7-9, 2021. This document summarizes results of the field test.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Thermal Neutron Scattering Law (TNSL) Implementation and Testing in FUDGE

Thermal neutron scattering law processing capabilities have been recently implemented in the LLNL code FUDGE (For Updating Data and Generating Evaluations). FUDGE is now capable of producing processed TNSL data for use in Monte Carlo or deterministic transport. To test this new capability, LLNL scientists performed an extensive intercomparison between the Mercury, Ardra, COG and MCNP transport codes. This intercomparison helped probe differences between how TNSL data are handled by the transport codes and by two different processing codes (LLNL’s FUDGE and LANL’s NJOY). This report summarizes recent improvements in FUDGE TNSL capabilities as well as results from the code intercomparison.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗