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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Fate of multiparticle resonances: From Q-balls to 3 He droplets

We study a system of N nonrelativistic particles which form a near-threshold resonance. Assuming no subset of these particles can form a bound state, the resonance can only decay through an “explosion” into N particles. We find that the decay width of the resonance scales as E Δ –5/2 in the limit when the energy E of the resonance goes to zero, where Δ is the ground-state energy of a system of N particles in a spherical harmonic trap with unit frequency. Here, the formula remains valid when some pairs of final particles have zero-energy s-wave resonance, but the Efimov effect is not present. In the limit of large N, we show that the final particles follow a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution if they are bosons and a semicirclelike law if they are fermions. We expect our general result to be applicable to various systems that exist in nature. In particular, we argue that metastable 3 He droplets exist with the lifetime varying over many orders of magnitude ranging from a fraction of a nanosecond to values greatly exceeding the age of the Universe.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho3ReO8 by Materials Project

Ho3ReO8 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Ho3+ sites. In the first Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.19–2.56 Å. In the second Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.57 Å. In the third Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.61 Å. Re7+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Re–O bond distances ranging from 1.82–1.99 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Ho3+ and one Re7+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ho3+ and one Re7+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Ho3+ and one Re7+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Ho3+ and one Re7+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Ho3+ and one Re7+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OHo4 tetrahedra. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OHo4 trigonal pyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Ho3+ and one Re7+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HoReB4 by Materials Project

HoReB4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ho3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to fourteen B+1.50- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–B bond distances ranging from 2.66–2.82 Å. Re3+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten B+1.50- atoms. There are a spread of Re–B bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.39 Å. There are four inequivalent B+1.50- sites. In the first B+1.50- site, B+1.50- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ho3+, two equivalent Re3+, and three B+1.50- atoms. There are a spread of B–B bond distances ranging from 1.76–1.85 Å. In the second B+1.50- site, B+1.50- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+, four equivalent Re3+, and three B+1.50- atoms. Both B–B bond lengths are 1.75 Å. In the third B+1.50- site, B+1.50- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ho3+, two equivalent Re3+, and three B+1.50- atoms. There is one shorter (1.78 Å) and one longer (1.82 Å) B–B bond length. In the fourth B+1.50- site, B+1.50- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Ho3+, two equivalent Re3+, and three B+1.50- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

High pressure ammonia/methanol oxidation up to 100 atm

Here, high pressure ammonia/methanol oxidation and NOx formations were investigated using a recently developed supercritical pressure jet-stirred reactor (SP-JSR) at 20 and 100 atm with temperatures between 550 and 950 K and equivalence ratios of 0.138 and 1.15. The experimental results show that NH 3 oxidation at high pressure is significantly accelerated by the active OH radicals produced from CH 3 OH oxidation. Furthermore, the kinetic interactions between NH 3 and CH 3 OH are governed mainly by the reactions CH 3 OH + NH 2 = CH 2 OH + NH 3 , CH 3 OH + NH 2 = CH 3 O + NH 3 , and CH 2 O + NH 2 = HCO + NH 3 . A HP-Mech model for high-pressure NH 3 /CH 3 OH oxidation was developed in this study. It consists of the most recent NH 3 and CH 3 OH models including some new reactions and updated rate constants from the literature as well as NH 3 -CH 3 OH interactions where rate constants of CH 3 OH + NH 2 = CH 2 OH + NH 3 , CH 3 OH + NH 2 = CH 3 O + NH 3 , NH 2 + CH 2 O = NH 3 + HCO, and NH 2 + CH 2 O = NH 2 CHO + H were theoretically calculated in this study. Our model with these updates improves the prediction for the measured N 2 O/NO x temperature dependence at 100 atm. In addition, the reaction pathway and sensitivity analysis show that N 2 O/NO x /HONO interactions with HO 2 are very important, especially for a fuel-lean mixture at 100 atm. The HONO mole fraction for the fuel-lean mixture at 100 atm was then measured by off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) at wavenumber of 6638.26 cm -1 . The experimental data show a significant HONO formation at intermediate temperature that is strongly underpredicted by numerical simulation at 100 atm. Therefore, the HONO related reactions with notable uncertainty at high pressure such as NO + OH (+M) = HONO (+M) and H 2 NO + NO 2 = HONO + HNO need deeper exploration in the future.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HoMoBrO4 by Materials Project

HoMoO4Br crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ho3+ sites. In the first Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to five O2- and three Br1- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.77 Å. There are one shorter (2.89 Å) and two longer (2.91 Å) Ho–Br bond lengths. In the second Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- and one Br1- atom. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.43 Å. The Ho–Br bond length is 2.99 Å. There are two inequivalent Mo6+ sites. In the first Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.78–1.83 Å. In the second Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.85 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. There are two inequivalent Br1- sites. In the first Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ atoms. In the second Br1- site, Br1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Ho3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho2TiO5 by Materials Project

Ho2TiO5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ho3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted HoO6 pentagonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent HoO6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with three equivalent TiO6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent HoO6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 30°. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.38 Å. Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent TiO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent HoO6 pentagonal pyramids, and edges with six equivalent HoO6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 33°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.12 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and one Ti4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Ho3+ and one Ti4+ atom to form distorted OHo3Ti trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OHo2Ti2 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent OHo3Ti trigonal pyramids, edges with two equivalent OHo2Ti2 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent OHo3Ti trigonal pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Ho3+ and two equivalent Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OHo2Ti2 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent OHo2Ti2 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OHo3Ti trigonal pyramids, and edges with four equivalent OHo3Ti trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba2HoCl7 by Materials Project

Ba2HoCl7 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ba2+ sites. In the first Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.35 Å. In the second Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.39 Å. Ho3+ is bonded in a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry to seven Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.79 Å. There are seven inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to three Ba2+ and one Ho3+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ClBa3Ho tetrahedra. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to three Ba2+ and one Ho3+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ClBa3Ho tetrahedra. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Ba2+ and one Ho3+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to three Ba2+ and one Ho3+ atom to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing ClBa3Ho tetrahedra. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ba2+ and one Ho3+ atom. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ba2+ and one Ho3+ atom. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to three Ba2+ and one Ho3+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ClBa3Ho tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Pyridinium Salts of Dehydrated Lanthanide Polychlorides

The reaction of lanthanide (Ln) chloride hydrates ([Ln(H 2 O) n (Cl) 3 ]) with pyridine (py) yielded a set of dehydrated pyridinium (py-H) Ln-polychloride salts. These species were crystallographically characterized as [[py-H-py][py-H] 2 [LnCl 6 ]] (Ln-6; Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) or [[py-H] 2 [LnCl 5 (py)]] ((Ln-5; Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). The Ln-6 metal centers adopt an octahedral (OC-6) geometry, binding six Cl ligands. The -3 charge is off-set by two py-H moieties and a di-pyridinium (py-H-py) ion. For the Ln-5 species, an OC-6 anion is formed by the Ln cation binding a single py and five Cl ligands. The remaining -2 charge is offset by two py-H + cations that H-bond to the anion. Significant H-bonding occurs between the various cation/anion moieties inducing the molecular stability. The change in structure from the Ln-6 to Ln-5 is believed to be due to the Ln-contraction producing a smaller unit cell, which prevents formation of the py-H-py + cation, leading to the loss of the H-bonding-induced stability. Based on this, it was determined that the Ln-5 structures only exist when the lattice energy is small. While dehydrated polychloride salts can be produced by simply mixing in pyridine, the final structures adopted result from a delicate balance of cation size, Coulombic charge, and stabilizing H-bonding.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho3ReO7 by Materials Project

Ho3ReO7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic C222_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ho3+ sites. In the first Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.36 Å. In the second Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted HoO7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent ReO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one HoO7 pentagonal bipyramid, edges with two equivalent ReO6 octahedra, and edges with three equivalent HoO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–49°. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.42 Å. Re5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ReO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent ReO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent HoO7 pentagonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent HoO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. There are a spread of Re–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.02 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and one Re5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and two equivalent Re5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Ho3+ atoms to form OHo4 tetrahedra that share corners with ten OHo4 tetrahedra and edges with three OHo3Re tetrahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ho3+ and one Re5+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OHo3Re tetrahedra. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OHo4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg3P2(HO)16 by Materials Project

Mg3P2(HO)16 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Mg3P2(HO)16 sheets oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. there are two inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.06 Å) and four longer (2.14 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent PO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one MgO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.16 Å. P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with five MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.55–1.58 Å. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.73 Å) H–O bond length. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Mg2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Mg2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Mg2+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+, one P5+, and two equivalent H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li7Ho3(MoO4)8 by Materials Project

Li7Ho3(MoO4)8 is Zircon-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are seven inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.07 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.06 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.62 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.59 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.63 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.62 Å. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.60 Å. There are three inequivalent Ho3+ sites. In the first Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.46 Å. In the second Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.48 Å. In the third Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.46 Å. There are eight inequivalent Mo6+ sites. In the first Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.84 Å. In the second Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.90 Å. In the third Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.76–1.87 Å. In the fourth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.76–1.84 Å. In the fifth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.83 Å. In the sixth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.87 Å. In the seventh Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.85 Å. In the eighth Mo6+ site, Mo6+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Mo–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–1.87 Å. There are thirty-two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ho3+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and one Mo6+ atom. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ho3+, and one Mo6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Increased Ion Temperature and Neutron Yield Observed in Magnetized Indirectly Driven $\mathrm{D_2}$-Filled Capsule Implosions on the National Ignition Facility

Here, the application of an external 26 Tesla axial magnetic field to a D 2 gas-filled capsule indirectly driven on the National Ignition Facility is observed to increase the ion temperature by 40% and the neutron yield by a factor of 3.2 in a hot spot with areal density and temperature approaching what is required for fusion ignition. The improvements are determined from energy spectral measurements of the 2.45 MeV neutrons from the D(d, n) 3 He reaction, and the compressed central core B field is estimated to be ~4.9 kT using the 14.1 MeV secondary neutrons from the D(T, n) 4 He reactions. The experiments use a 30 kV pulsed-power system to deliver a ~ 3 μs current pulse to a solenoidal coil wrapped around a novel high-electrical-resistivity AuTa 4 hohlraum. Radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations are consistent with the experiment

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(HO)2 by Materials Project

Ba(OH)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Ba2+ sites. In the first Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.58–3.06 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.67–3.05 Å. In the second Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.87 Å. In the third Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six H1+ and eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.72–3.08 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.76–3.12 Å. In the fourth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to three H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.60–2.87 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.75–3.05 Å. In the fifth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six H1+ and six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.96 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.96 Å. In the sixth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to three H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.79 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.87 Å. In the seventh Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to three H1+ and six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.61–2.91 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.86 Å. In the eighth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to two H1+ and six O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.53 Å) and one longer (2.71 Å) Ba–H bond lengths. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.91 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.01 Å. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fifteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the sixteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ba(HO)2 by Materials Project

Ba(OH)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Ba2+ sites. In the first Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four H1+ and eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.83 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.74–3.09 Å. In the second Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.87 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.76–2.93 Å. In the third Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.99 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.94 Å. In the fourth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to two H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.77 Å) and one longer (2.93 Å) Ba–H bond lengths. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.10 Å. In the fifth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.57–2.89 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.98 Å. In the sixth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to five H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.56–3.12 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.61–2.89 Å. In the seventh Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.88 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.68–3.00 Å. In the eighth Ba2+ site, Ba2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five H1+ and seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–H bond distances ranging from 2.65–3.02 Å. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.68–3.11 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fifteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the sixteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Ba2+ and one H1+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Ba2+ and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Pressure-stabilized divalent ozonide CaO 3 and its impact on Earth's oxygen cycles

High pressure can drastically alter chemical bonding and produce exotic compounds that defy conventional wisdom. Especially significant are compounds pertaining to oxygen cycles inside Earth, which hold key to understanding major geological events that impact the environment essential to life on Earth. Here we report the discovery of pressure-stabilized divalent ozonide CaO3 crystal that exhibits intriguing bonding and oxidation states with profound geological implications. Our computational study identifies a crystalline phase of CaO 3 by reaction of CaO and O 2 at high pressure and high temperature conditions; ensuing experiments synthesize this rare compound under compression in a diamond anvil cell with laser heating. High-pressure x-ray diffraction data show that CaO 3 crystal forms at 35 GPa and persists down to 20 GPa on decompression. Analysis of charge states reveals a formal oxidation state of -2 for ozone anions in CaO 3 . These findings unravel the ozonide chemistry at high pressure and offer insights for elucidating prominent seismic anomalies and oxygen cycles in Earth’s interior. We further predict multiple reactions producing CaO 3 by geologically abundant mineral precursors at various depths in Earth’s mantle.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of minority carrier diffusion length in p -GaN using electron emission spectroscopy (EES)

Electron emission spectroscopy was performed on metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown p-n – -n + junctions with p-thicknesses ranging from 50 to 300 nm, doped with [Mg] = 3.5 × 10 19 cm –3 . By measuring the decreasing emitted electron intensity from a cesiated p-GaN surface with increasing p-thickness, we were able to extract the minority carrier diffusion length of electron in p-type GaN, L e = 26 ± 3 nm. The measured value is in good agreement with literature reported values. In conclusion, the extrapolated electron current at the n – region–p-GaN interface is in reasonable agreement with the simulated electron current at the interface.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Preparation of Macroscopic Low-Density Gold Foams with Good Machinability

Uniform, macroscopic monoliths (ranging from a few millimeters to a centimeter) of low-density gold foams with ~95% porosity and ~10-μm-diameter pores were prepared by the casting of gold-coated polystyrene core-shell particles followed by the thermal removal of the polymer core. The Au foams were composed of unique hollow gold spheres and showed superior mechanical integrity and resilience compared to the foams we previously reported. Highly efficient seeding and electroless gold-plating methods in this study caused a significant morphological transition in the gold coatings from coarse particles to fine particles, and finally, to a continuous layer. A modified, scalable casting approach to form large uniform monoliths (up to ~1-cm diameter) and a gentle baking condition to minimize undesirable densification of the final foams enabled us to develop a simple, efficient synthetic route to nanostructured macroscopic low-density gold foams. To demonstrate the improved mechanical stability and machinability, a representative monolithic Au foam (~0.9 g/cm 3 ) was carefully cut into the hollow cylinder of gold foams by a series of machining and processing steps. Finally, we tried to understand the unique mechanical behaviors and properties of this gold foam by nanoindentation measurement.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗