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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

Neurophysiological responses to stressful motion and anti-motion sickness drugs as mediated by the limbic system

Performance is characterized in terms of attention and memory, categorizing extrinsic mechanism mediated by ACTH, norepinephrine and dopamine, and intrinsic mechanisms as cholinergic. The cholinergic role in memory and performance was viewed from within the limbic system and related to volitional influences of frontal cortical afferents and behavioral responses of hypothalamic and reticular system efferents. The inhibitory influence of the hippocampus on the autonomic and hormonal responses mediated through the hypothalamus, pituitary, and brain stem are correlated with the actions of such anti-motion sickness drugs as scopolamine and amphetamine. These drugs appear to exert their effects on motion sickness symptomatology through diverse though synergistic neurochemical mechanisms involving the septohippocampal pathway and other limbic system structures. The particular impact of the limbic system on an animal's behavioral and hormonal responses to stress is influenced by ACTH, cortisol, scopolamine, and amphetamine.

Kohl, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Mechanisms of antimotion sickness drugs

Eight subjects, male and female, were rotated using the step method to progressively increase the speed of rotation (+2 rpm) after every 40 head movements to a maximum of 35 rpm. The end point for motion sickness was the Graybiel Malaise III total of symptoms short of frank nausea. The drug treatments were placebo, scopolamine 0.6 mg and 1 mg, scopolamine 0.6 mg/d-amphetamine 10 mg, scopolamine 1 mg/d-amphetamine 10 mg, and amphetamine 10 mg. Scopolamine increased tolerated head movements over placebo level by + 81; scopolamine 1 mg + 183; d-amphetamine by + 118; scopolamine 0.6/d-amphetamine by + 165; and scopolamine 1 mg/d-amphetamine 10 mg by + 201. The drugs effective in preventing motion sickness are considered to be divided into those with central acetylcholine blocking activity and those which enhance norepinephrine activity. A combination of both of these actions produces the most effective antimotion sickness medications. It is concluded that the balance between the acetylcholine and norepinephrine activity in the CNS appears to be responsible for motion sickness.

Wood, C. D.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Crystals of Human Serum Albumin for Use in Genetic Engineering and Rational Drug Design

This invention pertains to crystals of serum albumin and processes for growing them. The purpose of the invention is to provide crystals of serum albumin which can be studied to determine binding sites for drugs. Form 2 crystals grow in the monoclinic space P2(sub 1), and possesses the following unit cell constraints: a = 58.9 +/- 7, b = 88.3 +/- 7, c = 60.7 +/- 7, Beta = 101.0 +/- 2 degrees. One advantage of the invention is that it will allow rational drug design

Carter, Daniel C.↗
NASA NTRS2000

The 'Pro-Drug' RibCys Decreases The Mutagenicity of High LET Radiation in Cultured Mammalian Cells

We have initiated studies aimed at reducing the mutational effects of high LET radiation such as Fe-56 ions and C-12 ions with certain drugs. The mutagenicity of high LET (143 keV/micrometer) Fe-56 or C-12 ions (LET = 100 keV/micrometer) was quantified at the CD59 locus of human-hamster hybrid AL cells. RibCys [2,S)-D-ribo-(1',2',3',4'- Tetrahydroxybutyl)-thiazolidine-4(R)-ca riboxylic acid], formed by condensation of L-cysteine with D-ribose, is designed so that the sulfhydryl amino acid L-cysteine is released intracellularly via nonenzymatic ring opening and hydrolysis leading to increased levels of glutathione (GSH). RibCys (4 or 10 mM), present during irradiation and a few hours post-irradiation, significantly decreased the yield of CD59(-) mutants induced by radiation. RibCys did not affect the clonogenic survival of irradiated cells, nor was it mutagenic itself. These results, together with the minimal side effects reported in mice and pigs, indicate that RibCys may be useful, perhaps even when used prophylactically, in reducing the load of mutations created by high LET radiation in astronauts or other exposed individuals. RibCys is an attractive drug that may reduce the risk of carcinogenesis in people exposed to high LET radiation.

Lenarczyk, M.↗
NASA NTRS1999

[Radiation Anticarcinogenesis by Thiazolidine Pro-drug]

The original goal of this work was to determine the capacity of selected aminothiols to modulate radiation induced cytotoxicity, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in a human mammary epithelial cell line. The conclusions from this work are that WR-1065 is the "gold standard" for protection against radiation induced cytotoxicity, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. While a potent radiation protector, WR-1065 is cytotoxic in vitro and in vivo. Our rationale for a study of the thiazolidine pro-drugs was that these compounds are neither toxic in vitro or in vivo. The results obtained during this funding period indicate that the thiazolidine pro-drugs are as potent as WR-1065 as protectors against radiation induced mutation induction, and thus presumably against radiation induced carcinogenesis. Our results indicate that the thiazolidine prodrugs are excellent candidates to test as non-toxic anticarcinogens for protecting astronauts from cancer induction during space travel.

Warters, Raymond L.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Studying Host-Pathogen Interactions In 3-D: Organotypic Models For Infectious Disease And Drug Development

Representative, reproducible and high-throughput models of human cells and tissues are critical for a meaningful evaluation of host-pathogen interactions and are an essential component of the research developmental pipeline. The most informative infection models - animals, organ explants and human trials - are not suited for extensive evaluation of pathogenesis mechanisms and screening of candidate drugs. At the other extreme, more cost effective and accessible infection models such as conventional cell culture and static co-culture may not capture physiological and three-dimensional aspects of tissue biology that are important in assessing pathogenesis, and effectiveness and cytotoxicity of therapeutics. Our lab has used innovative bioengineering technology to establish biologically meaningful 3-D models of human tissues that recapitulate many aspects of the differentiated structure and function of the parental tissue in vivo, and we have applied these models to study infectious disease. We have established a variety of different 3-D models that are currently being used in infection studies - including small intestine, colon, lung, placenta, bladder, periodontal ligament, and neuronal models. Published work from our lab has shown that our 3-D models respond to infection with bacterial and viral pathogens in ways that reflect the infection process in vivo. By virtue of their physiological relevance, 3-D cell cultures may also hold significant potential as models to provide insight into the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection. Furthermore, the experimental flexibility, reproducibility, cost-efficiency, and high throughput platform afforded by these 3-D models may have important implications for the design and development of drugs with which to effectively treat neurological complications of HIV infection.

Nickerson, Cheryl A.↗
NASA NTRS2007

The Use of Heavy Ion Radiation as an Analog for Space Radiation Environment and Its Effects on Drug Stability

While it is common knowledge that electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays and gamma rays affect physical-chemical characteristics (PC) of compounds in addition to their toxic and mutagenic effects on biological systems, there are no reports on the effects of cosmic radiation encountered during space missions on stability of pharmaceuticals. Alterations in PC of drug formulations can adversely affect treatment with medications in space. Preliminary evaluation of stability and shelf-life of select pharmaceuticals (12) flown on space missions revealed that 37% and 40% of the formulations failed to meet USP requirements after shuttle and ISS flights, respectively. Based on these results, the current investigation is designed to examine the effect of proton (P) and heavy ion (Fe) radiation on 20 pharmaceutical preparations flown aboard the shuttle and ISS. The objectives of this project are: 1) Examine susceptibility of pharmaceuticals to short acute bouts of high intensity ionizing radiation species encountered during space flights; 2) Estimate extent of degradation of susceptible formulations as a function of intensity of each beam (P & Fe); and 3) compare and contrast the effects of single beam irradiation to that of a combined beam (P + Fe) that simulates space craft environment on drug stability. Irradiations were conducted at the Brookhaven National Laboratories (BNL) with beam strengths of 10 cGy, 10 or 50Gy of P and Fe beams separately. Preliminary evaluation of results revealed a reduction in the chemical content of label claim ranging 12-55 % for Augmentin, 7% for promethzine tablets and 9% for ciprofloxacin ointment. These results are in agreement, although less in magnitude than those observed during space flight and after gamma irradiation.

Vaksman, Z.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Nano Sponges for Drug Delivery and Medicinal Applications

This invention is a means of delivering a drug, or payload, to cells using non-covalent associations of the payload with nano-engineered scaffolds; specifically, functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their derivatives where the payload is effectively sequestered by the nanotube's addends and then delivered to the site (often interior of a cell) of interest. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and other water-soluble organic molecules have been shown to greatly enhance the solubility of SWNTs in water. PEG groups and other water-solubilizing addends can act to sequester (sponge) molecules and deliver them into cells. Using PEG that, when attached to the SWNTs, the SWNT/PEG matrix will enter cells has been demonstrated. This was visualized by the addition of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to the SWNT/PEG matrix. Control studies showed that both FITC alone and FITC/PEG did not enter the cells. These observations suggest that the FITC is highly associated with the SWNT/PEG matrix that brings the FITC into the cells, allowing visualization of SWNTs in cells. The FITC is not covalently attached, because extended dialysis in hot DMF will remove all fluorescence quickly (one week). However, prolonged dialysis in water (1-2 months) will only slowly diminish the fluorescence. This demonstrates that the SWNT/PEG matrix solubilizes the FITC by sequestering it from the surrounding water and into the more solubilizing organic environment of the SWNT/PEG matrix of this type. This can be extended for the sequestering of other molecules such as drugs with PEG and other surfactants.

Tour, James M.↗
DOE OSTI2011

Somatic Mutations in PI3Kalpha: Structural Basis for Enzyme Activation and Drug Design

The PI3K pathway is a communication hub coordinating critical cell functions including cell survival, cell growth, proliferation, motility and metabolism. Because PI3K{alpha} harbors recurrent somatic mutations resulting in gains of function in human cancers, it has emerged as an important drug target for many types of solid tumors. Various PI3K isoforms are also being evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for inflammation, heart disease, and hematological malignancies. Structural biology is providing insights into the flexibility of the PI3Ks, and providing basis for understanding the effects of mutations, drug resistance and specificity.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evaluation of 134 Ce as a PET imaging surrogate for antibody drug conjugates incorporating 225 Ac

The in vivo generator 134 Ce/ 134 La has the potential to serve as a PET imaging surrogate for both alpha-emitting 225 Ac and 227 Th radionuclides due to the unique Ce III /Ce IV redox couple and the relatively long half-life of 134 Ce. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the compatibility of 134 Ce with DOTA-based antibody drug conjugates, which would act as therapeutic agents when incorporating 225 Ac.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Prescriptions Are Associated With Increased Stress Fracture Diagnosis in the US Army Population

Stress fractures are common in military personnel and endurance athletes, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is widespread in these populations. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which blunts the anabolic response of bone to physical activity and could therefore increase risk of stress fracture. The objective of this study was to determine whether prescribed NSAIDs were associated with stress fracture diagnoses among US Army soldiers. We also aimed to establish whether acetaminophen, an analgesic alternative to NSAIDs, was associated with stress fracture risk. A nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database from 2002 to 2011 (n = 1,260,168). We identified soldiers with a diagnosis of stress fracture (n = 24,146) and selected 4 controls per case matched on length of military service (n = 96,584). We identified NSAID and acetaminophen prescriptions 180 to 30 days before injury (or match date). We also identified soldiers who participated in basic combat training (BCT), a 10-week period of heightened physical activity at the onset of Army service. Among these individuals, we identified 9088 cases and 36,878 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate incident rate ratios (RR) for stress fracture with adjustment for sex. NSAID prescription was associated with a 2.9-fold increase (RR = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8–2.9) and acetaminophen prescription with a 2.1-fold increase (RR = 2.1, 95% CI 2.0–2.2) in stress fracture risk within the total Army population. The risk was more than 5-fold greater in soldiers prescribed NSAIDs (RR = 5.3, 95% CI 4.9–5.7) and more than 4-fold greater in soldiers prescribed acetaminophen (RR= 4..4, 95% CI 3.9–4.9) during BCT. Our results reveal an association between NSAID and acetaminophen prescriptions and stress fracture risk, particularly during periods of heightened physical activity. Prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to support these findings before clinical recommendations can be made.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance surveillance: shifting trends in study design and prevalence estimates

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) prevalence increased during the initial years of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) global scale-up. Few studies have examined recent trends in TDR prevalence using published genetic sequences and described the characteristics of ART-naïve persons from whom these published sequences have been obtained. We identified 125 studies published between 2014 and 2019 for which HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) with or without protease from ≥50 ART-naïve adult persons were submitted to the GenBank sequence database. The population characteristics and TDR prevalence were compared to those in 122 studies published in the preceding five years between 2009 and 2013. TDR prevalence was analysed using median study-level and person-level data. The 2009 to 2013 and 2014 to 2019 studies reported sequence data from 32,866 and 41,724 ART-naïve persons respectively. Studies from the low- and middle-income country (LMIC) regions in sub-Saharan Africa, South/Southeast Asia and Latin America/Caribbean accounted for approximately two-thirds of the studies during each period. Between the two periods, the proportion of studies from sub-Saharan Africa and from South/Southeast Asia countries other than China decreased from 43% to 32% and the proportion of studies performed at sentinel sites for recent HIV-1 infection decreased from 33% to 22%. Between 2014 and 2019, median study-level TDR prevalence was 4.1% in South/Southeast Asia, 6.0% in sub-Saharan Africa, 9.1% in Latin America/Caribbean, 8.5% in Europe and 14.2% in North America. In the person-level analysis, there was an increase in overall, NNRTI and two-class NRTI/NNRTI resistance in sub-Saharan Africa; an increase in NNRTI resistance in Latin America/Caribbean, and an increase in overall, NNRTI and PI resistance in North America. Overall, NNRTI and dual NRTI/NNRTI-associated TDR prevalence was significantly higher in sub-Saharan Africa studies published between 2014 and 2019 compared with those published between 2009 and 2013. The decreasing proportion of studies from the hardest hit LMIC regions and the shift away from sentinel sites for recent infection suggests that global TDR surveillance efforts and publication of findings require renewed emphasis.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Bradycardia Associated With Drug-Eluting Beads Loaded With Irinotecan (DEBIRI) Infusion for Colorectal Liver Metastases

Intra-arterial injection of drug-eluting beads loaded with irinotecan (DEBIRI) is a new treatment option being investigated, with encouraging results, for unresectable colorectal liver metastases that are refractory to systemic chemotherapy (Martin et al., Ann Surg Oncol 18:192-198, 2011). Toxicity related to DEBIRI has also been described (Martin et al., Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 33:960-966, 2010). Nevertheless, experience and literature related to DEBIRI remain limited, and experience with this treatment is expected to increase. The purpose of this article is to describe bradycardia occurring during DEBIRI administration, which has not been reported thus far.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Prevention of Intracranial In-stent Restenoses: Predilatation with a Drug Eluting Balloon, Followed by the Deployment of a Self-Expanding Stent

Stenting in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is increasingly debated, due to issues of procedural safety, technical efficacy, and in-stent recurrent stenoses (ISR). In the present study, feasibility, safety, and efficacy of angioplasty using a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) followed by the implantation of a self-expanding stent (Enterprise) were evaluated for the treatment of ICAD lesions. Fifty-two patients (median age: 71 years; range: 54-86 years; male/female ratio 37:15) underwent stenting of high-grade ICAD lesions between February 2010 and November 2011 in a single center. Angioplasty using a paclitaxel coated SeQuent Please (B. Braun, Germany) or DIOR (Eurocor, Germany) coronary PTCA balloon, followed by the implantation of a self-expanding stent (Enterprise, Codman, USA) was performed in 54 lesions. Angiographic and clinical follow-up was performed at 6 and 12 weeks, 6 and 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Technical success rate, periprocedural complications, occurrence of recurrent ischemic symptoms, and the development of an ISR were analyzed. Angioplasty using a DEB followed by stent implantation was successfully performed in 44 (81 %) cases. DEB insertion failed in 19 % of the cases and angioplasty was finally performed using a conventional PTCA balloon. The combined procedure related permanent neurologic morbidity and mortality rate (stroke, ICH, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) at 30 days and beyond was 5 %. Angiographic and clinical follow-up were obtained in 33 (61 %) lesions in 32 patients. Recurrent stenosis was seen in one (3 %) lesion. Angioplasty and stenting using a DEB is safe and yields encouragingly low ISR rates. Further technical developments to improve lesion accessibility are, nevertheless, mandatory.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Drug-Eluting Nitinol Stent Treatment of the Superficial Femoral Artery and Above-the-Knee Popliteal Artery (The Zilver PTX Single-Arm Clinical Study): A Comparison Between Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

Purpose: To describe the 1-year results of drug-eluting nitinol stent placement in the femoropopliteal artery of diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Materials and Methods: All patients enrolled in this prospective, multicenter study underwent paclitaxel-eluting stent placement for de novo or restenotic lesions of the superficial femoral and/or popliteal artery. Baseline and follow-up walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) scores, Rutherford classifications, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements were obtained. Follow-up was completed at 1, 6, and 12 months. Results: There were 285 diabetic patients and 502 nondiabetic patients treated. There were no significant differences in mean lesion length or lesion calcification between patient groups. Procedural success in both treatment groups was >97 %. There were no significant differences between diabetic and nondiabetic groups in Kaplan-Meier estimates of patency, event-free survival (EFS), or freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 6 and 12 months. Both groups experienced a significant increase in ABI and WIQ values after treatment, and these improvements were sustained to 12-month follow-up; however, nondiabetic patients had significantly greater 6- and 12-month WIQ scores compared with diabetic patients. Based on covariate analysis, the only factors shown to be significant and to negatively influence patency were longer lesion length (p = 0.009), higher Rutherford classification (p = 0.02), and lack of hypertension (p = 0.02); diabetic status was not found to be a significant factor. Conclusion: Diabetic and nondiabetic patients had similar estimates of primary patency, EFS, and freedom from TLR; however, diabetic patients showed less improvement in WIQ scores compared with nondiabetic patients.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Small Versus Large-Sized Drug-Eluting Beads (DEBIRI) for the Treatment of Hepatic Colorectal Metastases: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

PurposeTo compare the feasibility, safety, and efficacy with small and large irinotecan drug-eluting beads (DEBIRI) for treating hepatic colorectal metastases.MethodsUsing our prospectively maintained, multi-center, intra-arterial therapy registry, we identified 196 patients treated with a combination of large beads (100–300 to 500–700 μm) and patients treated with a combination of small beads (70–150 to 100–300 μm). To minimize selection bias, a propensity score analysis was performed to compare both groups.ResultsUnadjusted analysis consisted of 196 and 30 patients treated with large and small beads, respectively. The adjusted analysis consisted of 19 patients each. Unadjusted analysis showed decreased all-grade (p = <0.001) and high-grade adverse effects (p = 0.02) in the small bead group, with a persisting trend toward decreased overall side effects in the adjusted analysis favoring small beads (p = 0.09) The adjusted analysis showed the percentage dose delivered (delivered dose/intended dose) was significantly greater in the small bead group compared to the large bead group (96 vs 79 %; p = 0.005). There were also a lower percentage of treatments terminating in complete stasis in the adjusted analysis (0.0035). Adjusted analysis also showed increased objective response rate (ORR) at 12 months (p = 0.04), with a corresponding trend also seen in the unadjusted analysis (0.09).ConclusionSmaller beads result in increased dose delivery probably due to less propensity to reach complete stasis. It may also lead to more durable long-term efficacy. Smaller beads also demonstrate similarly low toxicity compared to large-sized beads with a trend toward less toxicity.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Impact of Patient and Lesion Characteristics on Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty in the Femoropopliteal Artery: A Pooled Analysis of Four Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trials

Objectives: The principal objective of this pooled analysis was to investigate various patient and lesion characteristics on late lumen loss (LLL) after drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty. Background: Four randomized controlled trials (THUNDER, FEMPAC, PACIFIER, CONSEQUENT) were pooled to investigate the influence of various patient and lesion characteristics on DCB angioplasty and on plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) in patients with femoropopliteal artery disease. Methods: Angiographic data from 355 patients were pooled to assess the impact of patient (demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular co-morbidities, Rutherford stages) and lesion-/procedure-related (location, occlusion, length, restenosis, calcification, subintimal crossing, post-dilatation, dissection, stenting) characteristics on LLL. Linear regression models were utilized with LLL as the dependent variable to determine the predictive value of cardiovascular and lesion-/procedure-related factors. Results: Observational statistics revealed that LLL was lower in the DCB group as compared to POBA independent of all tested patient variables. LLL after DCB was also independent of most lesion and procedural characteristics except for lesion length and bailout stenting. LLL increased with lesion length in both treatment groups. Bailout stenting did not improve LLL in the DCB group but did so in the POBA group (0.74 ± 1.07 mm vs. 1.22 ± 1.36 mm, p = 0.043). Conclusions: DCB was superior to POBA for all tested patient subgroups and lesion subgroups. Our results suggest that all patients and lesions benefit to a similar degree from the use of DCB. DCB-PTA should therefore be preferred to POBA in all patients with steno-occlusive femoropopliteal lesions.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Efficacy of Paclitaxel Drug-Eluting Balloon Angioplasty Versus Standard Balloon Angioplasty in Stenosis of Native Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistulas: An Analysis of Clinical Success, Primary Patency and Risk Factors for Recurrent Dysfunction

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of paclitaxel drug-eluting balloons (PEB) versus standard balloon angioplasty (BA) in stenosis of native hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). Materials and Methods: A total of 96 patients with ESRD (mean ± SD age 57.0 ± 9.1 years, 63.5% were males) who underwent endovascular treatment with PEB angioplasty (n = 32) and BA (n = 64) for a dysfunctional native AVF were included. Clinical success, complications, primary patency and postoperative recurrence parameters were recorded in each group. Results: Primary patency rate at 6 months was significantly higher in PEB than in BA group (96.9 vs. 20.3%, p < 0.001), while the two groups had similar primary patency rates at 9 months (66.8 vs. 50.0%) and 12 months (6.3% for each). No significant difference was noted between PEB and BA groups in terms of the rate (21.9% and. 31.3%), time (median 220 vs. 152.5 days) and reasons (reocclusion in 18.8 vs. 28.1%) for dysfunction recurrence as well as the number of recurrent treatments. AVF dysfunction recurrence was more likely in younger age AVF (median 4 vs. 23 months, p < 0.001 in PEB, and 8.5 vs. 20.5 months p = 0.001 in SBA) and in AVF ≤ 6 months in both SBA and PEB groups (71.4 vs. 12.0%, p = 0.005 in PEB, 40.0 vs. 2.3%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings emphasize favorable safety and efficacy of PEB and BA in the management of dysfunctional hemodialysis AVFs with similar rates of post-PTA recurrence of AVF dysfunction. Nonetheless, there was a nonsignificant tendency for lower rate and a delay for recurrent dysfunction in patients treated with PEB and a significant association younger AVF age with an increased risk of post-PTA recurrence of AVF dysfunction. Level of Evidence: 3, Retrospective cohort study.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗