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At least 523 records · Page 29

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NASA NTRS2002

Building the Capacity of HBCU's for Establishing Effective Globe Partnerships

The special GLOBE train-the-trainer (TTT) workshop entitled "Building the Capacity of HBCUs For Establishing Effective GLOBE Partnerships" was help for the purpose of expanding GLOBE training capacity on the campuses of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and community colleges (CCs). The workshop was held March 17-22, 2002 in Washington, D.C. at Howard University. It was designed to establish research and instructional collaboration between and among U.S. universities (HBCUs and CCs) and African countries. Representatives from 13 HBCUs, and two community colleges were represented among trainees, so were representatives from eight African countries who were financially supported by other sources. A total of 38 trainees increased their knowledge of GLOBE protocols through five days of rigorous classroom instruction, field experiences, cultural events, and computer lab sessions.

Bagayoko, Diola↗

NASA NTRS2005

Analysis For Monitoring the Earth Science Afternoon Constellation

The Earth Science Afternoon Constellation consists of Aqua, Aura, PARASOL, CALIPSO, Cloudsat, and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO). The coordination of flight dynamics activities between these missions is critical to the safety and success of the Afternoon Constellation. This coordination is based on two main concepts, the control box and the zone-of-exclusion. This paper describes how these two concepts are implemented in the Constellation Coordination System (CCS). The CCS is a collection of tools that enables the collection and distribution of flight dynamics products among the missions, allows cross-mission analyses to be performed through a web-based interface, performs automated analyses to monitor the overall constellation, and notifies the missions of changes in the status of the other missions.

Demarest, Peter↗

NASA NTRS2009

Modular Battery Charge Controller

A new approach to masterless, distributed, digital-charge control for batteries requiring charge control has been developed and implemented. This approach is required in battery chemistries that need cell-level charge control for safety and is characterized by the use of one controller per cell, resulting in redundant sensors for critical components, such as voltage, temperature, and current. The charge controllers in a given battery interact in a masterless fashion for the purpose of cell balancing, charge control, and state-of-charge estimation. This makes the battery system invariably fault-tolerant. The solution to the single-fault failure, due to the use of a single charge controller (CC), was solved by implementing one CC per cell and linking them via an isolated communication bus [e.g., controller area network (CAN)] in a masterless fashion so that the failure of one or more CCs will not impact the remaining functional CCs. Each micro-controller-based CC digitizes the cell voltage (V(sub cell)), two cell temperatures, and the voltage across the switch (V); the latter variable is used in conjunction with V(sub cell) to estimate the bypass current for a given bypass resistor. Furthermore, CC1 digitizes the battery current (I1) and battery voltage (V(sub batt) and CC5 digitizes a second battery current (I2). As a result, redundant readings are taken for temperature, battery current, and battery voltage through the summation of the individual cell voltages given that each CC knows the voltage of the other cells. For the purpose of cell balancing, each CC periodically and independently transmits its cell voltage and stores the received cell voltage of the other cells in an array. The position in the array depends on the identifier (ID) of the transmitting CC. After eight cell voltage receptions, the array is checked to see if one or more cells did not transmit. If one or more transmissions are missing, the missing cell(s) is (are) eliminated from cell-balancing calculations. The cell-balancing algorithm is based on the error between the cell s voltage and the other cells and is categorized into four zones of operation. The algorithm is executed every second and, if cell balancing is activated, the error variable is set to a negative low value. The largest error between the cell and the other cells is found and the zone of operation determined. If the error is zero or negative, then the cell is at the lowest voltage and no balancing action is needed. If the error is less than a predetermined negative value, a Cell Bad Flag is set. If the error is positive, then cell balancing is needed, but a hysteretic zone is added to prevent the bypass circuit from triggering repeatedly near zero error. This approach keeps the cells within a predetermined voltage range.

Button, Robert↗

NASA NTRS2012

Using the Fe/Mn Ratio of FeO-Rich Olivine In WILD 2, Chondrite Matrix, and Type IIA Chondrules to Disentangle Their Histories

The Stardust Mission returned a large abundance of impactors from Comet 81P/Wild2 in the 5-30 m range. The preliminary examination of just a limited number of these particles showed that the collection captured abundant crystalline grains with a diverse mineralogy [1,2]. Many of these grains resemble those found in chondrite matrix and even contain fragments of chondrules and CAIs [1-3]. In particular, the olivine found in Wild 2 exhibits a wide compositional range (Fa0-97) with minor element abundances similar to the matrix olivine found in many carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs). Despite the wide distribution of Fa content, the olivine found in the matrices of CCs, UOCs, and Wild 2 can be roughly lumped into two types based solely on fayalite content. In fact, in some cases, a distinct bi-modal distribution is observed.

Frank, David R.↗

NASA NTRS2013

On the Performance of Global Magnetohydrodynamic Models in the Earth's Magnetosphere

We study the performance of four magnetohydrodynamic models (BATS-R-US, GUMICS, LFM, Open GGCM) in the Earths magnetosphere. Using the Community Coordinated Modeling Centers Run-on-Request system, we compare model predictions with magnetic field measurements of the Cluster, Geotail and Wind spacecraft during a multiple substorm event. We also compare model cross polar cap potential results to those obtained from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network(SuperDARN) and the model magnetopause standoff distances to an empirical magnetopause model. The correlation coefficient (CC) and prediction efficiency (PE) metrics are used to objectively evaluate model performance quantitatively. For all four models, the best performance outside geosynchronous orbit is found on the dayside. Generally, the performance of models decreases steadily down stream from the Earth. On the dayside most CCs are above 0.5 with CCs for Bx and Bz close to 0.9 for three out of four models. In the magnetotail at a distance of about -130 Earth radii from Earth, the prediction efficiency of all models is below that of using an average value for the prediction with the exception of Bz. Bx is most often best predicted and correlated both on the dayside and the nightside close to the Earth whereas in the far tail the CC and PE for Bz are substantially higher than other components in all models. We also find that increasing the resolution or coupling an additional physics module does notautomatically increase the model performance in the magnetosphere.

geomagnetic tail↗

NASA NTRS2019

Overview of Carbonaceous Chondrites in the US Antarctic Meteorite Collection: Implications for Understanding Bennu and Ryugu

Spectral studies of the target asteroids of the OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa2 missions - Bennu and Ryugu - have included comparisons to several samples from the US Antarctic meteorite collection including MET 00639 (CM2), MET 01072 (CM2), ALH 83100 (CM1/2), and LAP 02277 (CM1). The fact that these four samples provide insight into understanding these asteroids leads one to wonder what carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) are represented in the US collection and are there others that might also be helpful for comparison? Here is an overview of the CCs in the collection (n=930) and a demonstration of the great diversity of samples available as a resource to these missions.

Righter, K.↗

NASA NTRS2024

Characterizing the California Current System through Sea Surface Temperature and Salinity

Characterizing temperature and salinity (T-S) conditions is a standard framework in oceanography to identify and describe deep water masses and their dynamics. At the surface, this practice is hindered by multiple air–sea–land processes impacting T-S properties at shorter time scales than can easily be monitored. Now, however, the unsurpassed spatial and temporal coverage and resolution achieved with satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) allow us to use these variables to investigate the variability of surface processes at climate-relevant scales. In this work, we use SSS and SST data, aggregated into domains using a cluster algorithm over a T-S diagram, to describe the surface characteristics of the California Current System (CCS), validating them with in situ data from uncrewed Saildrone vessels. Despite biases and uncertainties in SSS and SST values in highly dynamic coastal areas, this T-S framework has proven useful in describing CCS regional surface properties and their variability in the past and in real time, at novel scales. This analysis also shows the capacity of remote sensing data for investigating variability in land–air–sea interactions not previously possible due to limited in situ data.

Marisol García-Reyes↗

DOE OSTI2013

Development of a Novel Gas Pressurized Process-Based Technology for CO2 Capture from Post-Combustion Flue Gases Preliminary Year 1 Techno-Economic Study Results and Methodology for Gas Pressurized Stripping Process

Under the DOE’s Innovations for Existing Plants (IEP) Program, Carbon Capture Scientific, LLC (CCS) is developing a novel gas pressurized stripping (GPS) process to enable efficient post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) from coal-fired power plants. A technology and economic feasibility study is required as a deliverable in the project Statement of Project Objectives. This study analyzes a fully integrated pulverized coal power plant equipped with GPS technology for PCC, and is carried out, to the maximum extent possible, in accordance to the methodology and data provided in ATTACHMENT 3 – Basis for Technology Feasibility Study of DOE Funding Opportunity Number: DE-FOA-0000403. The DOE/NETL report on “Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants, Volume 1: Bituminous Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity (Original Issue Date, May 2007), NETL Report No. DOE/NETL-2007/1281, Revision 1, August 2007” was used as the main source of reference to be followed, as per the guidelines of ATTACHMENT 3 of DE-FOA-0000403. The DOE/NETL-2007/1281 study compared the feasibility of various combinations of power plant/CO2 capture process arrangements. The report contained a comprehensive set of design basis and economic evaluation assumptions and criteria, which are used as the main reference points for the purpose of this study. Specifically, Nexant adopted the design and economic evaluation basis from Case 12 of the above-mentioned DOE/NETL report. This case corresponds to a nominal 550 MWe (net), supercritical greenfield PC plant that utilizes an advanced MEAbased absorption system for CO2 capture and compression. For this techno-economic study, CCS’ GPS process replaces the MEA-based CO2 absorption system used in the original case. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of a full-scale GPS-based PCC design that is integrated with a supercritical PC plant similar to Case 12 of the DOE/NETL report, such that it corresponds to a nominal 550 MWe supercritical PC plant with 90% CO2 capture. This plant has the same boiler firing rate and superheated high pressure steam generation as the DOE/NETL report’s Case 12 PC plant. However, due to the difference in performance between the GPS-based PCC and the MEA-based CO2 absorption technology, the net power output of this plant may not be exactly at 550 MWe.

Chen, Shiaoguo↗

DOE OSTI2017

Appendix for the Final Technical Report - DE FE0009284

Carbon capture utilization storage (CCUS) is a potential technology to store anthropogenic emissions for CO 2 . Utilization often refers to CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery (CO 2 -EOR). An important factor in the success of CO 2 storage in saline formations or CO 2 -EOR reservoirs is ensuring that the storage occurs safely and is long-term. Assessment of well integrity has become more important for CCS and CO 2 -EOR as it has become apparent that wells represent the most likely migration pathway for CO 2 to leave a CCS storage unit or a CO 2 -EOR reservoir. Although wells represent a migration pathway they are also the best vehicle for employing technology monitoring CO 2 injection and storage. This contradiction of being a potential migration path and key monitoring technology leads to a need to understand how monitoring wells may be similar or different in comparison to other types of wells with respect to migration risk. The maturation and completion US Department of Energy sponsored research projects presents an opportunity to assess the integrity of monitoring wells that have been exposed to injected CO 2 . This paper discusses an integrity assessment of two monitoring wells in an operating CO 2 -EOR flood in Mississippi, USA. The CFU31F-2 and CFU31F-3 monitoring wells were constructed to test monitoring technologies in and above a commercial CO 2 -EOR project. The materials selected and the design of the well were optimized for monitoring. Carbonation in CFU31-F2 was seen as high as 7900 ft, above what was considered top of cement based on the logs. Time-lapse comparison of cement bond amplitude data and acoustic impedance maps show a deterioration of signal that implies a deterioration of cement bond or cement along much of the cemented annulus in the long-string section. Analysis of sidewall cores using XRD and LA-ICP-MS validated the log interpretation by confirming the degradation of cement (carbonation) along the casing-cement interface. The ultrasonic image maps also clearly identify the control lines and monitoring technology attached to the outside of the of the long-string casing on each well studied. The control lines appear as microdebonded or fluid filled vertical features implying that they could act as leakage pathways. The sidewall core through the control line at 10380 ft confirms that CO 2 is migrating along the control line with heavily carbonated cement at the control line interface. LA-ICP-MS and XRD on formation interface of the sidewall cores collected in both wells indicates that CO 2 is also moving of the cement-formation interface. LA-ICP-MS and XRD indicate that the amount carbonation in the center of the cores was less than the carbonation at the interfaces. Indicating that CO 2 is reaching the center of the cores by diffusing in from the interfaces and not migrating up from the reservoir though the porous matrix of the cement. This agrees with Duguid et al. [5] and Carey et al. [1] who have found that the interfaces in the well are more conductive than the porous network of the cement. Both the materials used to construct the well and the decision to attach monitoring technology to the outside of the well may have contributed to the migration of CO 2 along the interfaces. Careful consideration should be given to material selection to ensure that it does not degrade when in contact with the fluids in the reservoir and overlying strata. The addition of the control line on the outside of the casing complicated the cement placement and likely caused no cement to bond to the casing adjacent to the control line leading out of the reservoir. Further study of other wells with external lines should be conducted to see of the results of the construction of CFU31-F2 and -F3 is normal or an exception.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2016

Wellbore Microannulus Characterization and Modeling.

Subsurface geologic formations used for extracting resources such as oil and gas can subsequently be used as a storage reservoir for the common greenhouse gas CO 2 , a concept known as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Pre-existing wellbores penetrate the reservoirs where supercritical CO 2 is to be injected. These wellbores can potentially be a pathway for contamination if CO 2 leaks through wellbore flaws to an overlying aquifer or the atmosphere. Characterizing wellbore integrity and providing zonal isolation by repairing these wellbore flaws is of critical importance to the long-term isolation of CO 2 and success of CCS. This research aims to characterize the microannulus region of the cement sheath-steel casing interface in terms of its compressibility and permeability. A mock-up of a wellbore system was used for lab-scale testing. Specimens, consisting of a cement sheath cast on a steel casing with microannuli, were subjected to confining pressures and casing pressures in a pressure vessel that allows simultaneous measurement of gas flow along the axis of the specimen. The flow was interpreted as the hydraulic aperture of the microannuli. Numerical models are used to analyze stress and displacement conditions along the casing-cement interface. These numerical results provide good agreement with closed-form elastic solutions. Numerical models incorporating flaws of varying dimensions along the casing-cement interface were then developed to describe the microannulus region. A joint model is used to describe the hydraulic aperture of the microannulus region, whose mechanical stiffness is altered in response to the imposed stress state across the joint interface. The aperture-stress behavior is based upon laboratory measurements of hydraulic aperture as a function of imposed stress conditions. This investigation found that microannulus permeability can satisfactorily be described by a joint model and that the constitutive model imposed in a numerical simulation can play a significant role in the solution behavior and agreement to experimental data. Recommendations for future work include an application of the joint model with a thermally active large-scale reservoir coupled with pore pressure caused by dynamic CO 2 injection and subsequent microannulus region affects.

03 NATURAL GAS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Enabling Coal Technology with Carbon Capture for Future Markets with Flameless Pressurized Oxy-Combustion (FPO)

Future markets for power are expected to require more load following power plants, which reduces output during the night and early morning. This is when the demand for electricity is the lowest, so plants must respond rapidly at any time to peak loads resulting from the variable output of wind and solar power. A coal power plant based on Flameless Pressurized Oxy-combustion (FPO) can go from 5% to 100% of capacity rate in less than 30 minutes in response to fluctuating demand, operating at capacity when power prices are highest. FPO is a proven oxy-combustion technology that was developed to recover energy from low ranking coal, other brown fuels and wastes. ITEA began developing FPO in 2003 on a 5-MWth pilot in Gioia del Colle, Italy, to destroy hazardous industrial waste and as such, design objectives were very high combustion efficiencies and capture of metals in the fuel in the vitreous slag. The technology was subsequently deployed in 2009 at the 15-MWth scale at the Jurong Island petrochemical cluster in Singapore for waste incineration. FPO is an oxy-combustion process whereby oxygen is separated from the air, and it is used in combustion with recirculated flue gas to maintain combustion temperatures at acceptable levels. The resultant flue gas is primarily CO 2 and water, which allows for a relatively simple and cheap CO 2 capture process. This is in contrast to air-combustion systems which require a complex and costly post-combustion capture (PCC) process. Coal is fed to the combustor slurried in water, and the combustor operates at elevated pressure (approximately 12 bar) which improves the overall efficiency and reduces the size and cost of the combustor. Notably, the FPO cycle maintains high efficiency by recovering most of the heat of vaporisation of the contained water. The combustor is designed to coalesce the molten ash particles so that they settle to the chamber walls and drain to the outlet, significantly reducing the particulate content in the exhaust gas and allowing the use of coals with up to 40% alkaline ash content. FPO is a low-emission technology: zero thermal NOx minimises overall NOx; any organic nitrogen is converted to elemental nitrogen (N2). Total organic content (TOC) at combustor exit is hundreds of times lower than for traditional combustion processes, with dioxin and furans close to zero. Work commenced on a DOE funded pilot demonstration project in October 2016 to provide the design for a 50-MWth FPO pilot plant that can fire a wide range of high-to-low rank coals. The project will investigate updating and improving the cycle for power generation with CO 2 capture by incorporating a turbo-expander with a principal steam power island that utilizes a heat recovery steam generator, increasing the overall efficiency of the cycle. A cost study is also performed on the updated FPO design as part of the project. The FPO pilot plant built based on the design will then be demonstrated over a 3-year test program to generate data for the design of a commercial-scale 500 MWth firing module commercial power plant with integral carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), which could start construction in 2025. A discussion of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of various cases are presented, including a comparison of established supercritical with PCC (SCPC) technologies with FPO fitted with CO 2 compression and liquefaction, and FPO ready for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS-ready). This would enable CO 2 capture for use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or sequestration when market conditions make it attractive to do so. In addition, a comparison of LCOE of FPO and conventional processes for firing low-ranking coals with high water and ash content will be provided.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

DOE OSTI2016

Performance Baseline for Oxy-Coal MHD Power Plant with Carbon Capture

This presentation discusses the development of baseline Direct Power Extraction (DPE) plant designs incorporating oxy-coal combustion, a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) topping cycle, a steam bottoming cycle, and a carbon dioxide purification unit for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Two MHD configurations have been developed; one representing the current state-of-the-art in MHD channel design, and a more advanced design capable of higher power density. The MHD cycle incorporates potassium seeding for plasma generation and a potassium formate seed recovery process that also removes sulfur from the combustion products. The air separation unit for oxygen production, MHD system, and seed recovery systems are all thermally integrated with a Rankine bottoming cycle operating at advanced ultra-supercritical (AUSC) steam conditions. The modeled performance of the two DPE plant systems are compared to IGCC and oxy-coal AUSC reference plants with CCS.

Weiland, Nathan↗

DOE OSTI2016

Performance of an Integrated Gasification Direct-Fired Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle

This presentation discusses development and performance results of a coal gasification system integrated with a direct-fired supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycle. In this plant, coal is first gasified and cleaned in order to avoid introducing sulfur and particulate matter into the sCO2 cycle, with the sCO2 cycle’s oxy-combustor burning the cleaned syngas with oxygen in a recycled sCO2 stream. The plant is inherently amenable to carbon capture and storage (CCS) processes, as it produces a high pressure exhaust stream that is largely comprised of CO2. The baseline direct sCO2 cycle performance is discussed and compared to IGCC and oxy-coal AUSC reference plants with CCS. The sensitivity of the sCO2 cycle’s performance to various operating parameters is also discussed, as well as the effect of various heat integration options on thermal efficiency, operability, and cost.

Shelton, Walter↗

DOE OSTI2018

Preliminary Cost and Performance Results for a Natural Gas-Fired Direct sCO2 Power Plant

This study reports on a cost and performance baseline developed at NETL for a natural gas-fueled direct sCO2 plant, which holds promise as an efficient, cost-effective method of power production with carbon capture and storage (CCS).  The steady state plant model includes turbine cooling flows based on a semi-empirical cooling model, and thermal integration with the air separation unit and oxygen compression train.  Discussion of the performance of the baseline plant design is followed by details on the costing methodology, overall plant capital cost, and resulting cost of electricity (COE).  Performance results yield a baseline sCO2 plant thermal efficiency of 48.2% (HHV) with 98.2% carbon capture, an improvement over the reference NGCC plant with CCS (45.7% and 90.7% carbon capture).  Cost analyses yield a 5% reduction in COE versus the NGCC plant, albeit with significant uncertainty.  Finally, the effects of incomplete combustion on the overall plant performance are assessed.

White, Chuck↗

DOE OSTI2018

Preliminary Cost and Performance Results for a Natural Gas-Fired Direct sCO2 Power Plant

This study reports on a cost and performance baseline developed at NETL for a natural gas-fueled direct sCO2 plant, which holds promise as an efficient, cost-effective method of power production with carbon capture and storage (CCS).  The steady state plant model includes turbine cooling flows based on a semi-empirical cooling model, and thermal integration with the air separation unit and oxygen compression train.  Discussion of the performance of the baseline plant design is followed by details on the costing methodology, overall plant capital cost, and resulting cost of electricity (COE).  Performance results yield a baseline sCO2 plant thermal efficiency of 48.2% (HHV) with 98.2% carbon capture, an improvement over the reference NGCC plant with CCS (45.7% and 90.7% carbon capture).  Cost analyses yield a 5% reduction in COE versus the NGCC plant, albeit with significant uncertainty.  Finally, the effects of incomplete combustion on the overall plant performance are assessed.

Weiland, Nathan↗

DOE OSTI2019

Stakeholder Analysis Report Subtask 3.3 – CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin Topical Report 8

Effective stakeholder engagement has been proven to be a critical component in the success of numerous CCS activities and is essential if the technology is to be widely developed in the future. This report contains a stakeholder assessment and highlights some engagement activities conducted during the CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin Prefeasibility study. This report is intended to lay the groundwork and provide recommendations for the Wabash CarbonSAFE Feasibility project, currently underway in conjunction with the Wabash Valley Resources ammonia plant retrofit taking place at the former Terre Haute US DOE integrated gasification combined cycle plant. The analysis sets the stage for identifying and understanding the concerns of key stakeholders, describes actions currently underway, highlights perceptions of potential benefits and risks of project activities, and provides recommendations for short- and long-term forms of engagement. This study used social site characterization methods to better understand local and regional stakeholder positions and needs. The stakeholder engagement strategy will emphasize engagement with stakeholders that enable project development and those that are impacted by the project. The stakeholder analysis process can be broken down into the four basic steps of: identifying, analyzing, mapping, and prioritizing. Various stakeholders were identified by literature search, and additionally by a group of approximately twenty Indiana University SPEA master’s students via a stakeholder workshop. The stakeholder analysis and mapping process is used to help prioritize stakeholder engagement strategies; engagement strategies must be developed with particular stakeholder concerns in mind and messages tailored to those stakeholders’ needs. The stakeholder map with engagement strategy developed for this analysis suggests state government, industry, federal government, and state education are predicted to have the highest interest and influence and should be a priority focus in engagement. Local media, local landowners, local government, and utilities are predicted to have high influence but low interest and may also be a high priority group to engage. Environmental and economic impacts of activities that are considered to be important by stakeholders in the present day (key) or activities that have taken place in the past (legacy) can impact stakeholder perspectives and need to be considered when creating a stakeholder engagement strategy. The issue of environmental clean-up was identified in both the social media analysis and also through USEPA Environmental Justice analysis tools. Thus, it is clear this will be an important factor for consideration in any stakeholder engagement conducted in and around Terre Haute. Furthermore, stakeholder engagement education materials will need to emphasize that carbon dioxide is not a hazardous material, as well as address FAQs regarding CCS. In addition, recommendations for consideration when developing the stakeholder engagement strategy for projects in the Illinois East Sub-Basin in general and related to the Wabash CarbonSAFE project specifically include: drawing clear lines of responsibility between Wabash Valley Resources and ISGS-led Wabash CarbonSAFE that allow the projects to manage integration and messaging; the need for ISGS and other partners to maintain objectivity and remain trusted sources of information; monitoring of social media and continuing to engage with key stakeholder groups; and providing support for key stakeholders to become sources of project information and project champions.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

DOE OSTI2019

CarbonSAFE East Sub-Basin Site Feasibility Plan Subtask 4.5 – Topical Report: DOE-FE0029445-12

Regional industrial facilities were considered for potential commercial-scale [50 million metric tons (55 tons) or more] geological storage in a CO 2 source and storage network study for the CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin region (DOE-FE0029445-9). The study area has a number of potential geologic sequestration targets, including three significant deep saline reservoirs with corresponding seals, and potential enhanced oil recovery (CO 2 -EOR) opportunities (Figure 1). Recent geological research has focused on a high porosity, arkosic zone within the Lower Mt. Simon Sandstone as a prospective storage resource play in the region. This report summarizes the regional geology of the East Sub-Basin and discusses considerations leading from pre-feasibility work into the Wabash CarbonSAFE feasibility project (DE-FE0031626), recently underway in conjunction with the Wabash Valley Resources (WVR) ammonia plant retrofit taking place at the former US DOE Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plant located near Terre Haute, Indiana. As part of the feasibility study, geological and site characterization work will address data gaps and risks outlined in Table 1 and will aid continued steps toward commercial-scale CCS at the WVR site. The feasibility plan discussed here draws upon regional assessment work in the East Sub-Basin as it pertains to risk and data needs to characterize the WVR site, highlights plans for data acquisition to support characterization efforts, and offers insight into the legal and permitting landscape surrounding CCS in the state of Indiana.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

DOE OSTI2020

Energy Storage Analysis

This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic characterization of energy storage and exible low carbon power generation technologies that can shift energy across days, weeks, or months to balance daily, weekly, and seasonal disparities in supply and demand. Energy storage technologies evaluated here include pumped hydropower storage (PHS), adiabatic and diabatic compressed air energy storage (CAES), vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs), pumped thermal energy storage (P-TES), and renewably produced hydrogen stored in either geologic formations or underground pipes with re-electrification via combustion turbines in combined cycles, stationary proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, or the novel use of PEM fuel cells designed for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) which are expected to have shorter lives but also lower capital costs. We also evaluate flexible low-carbon power generation systems, including ethanol combustion in gas turbines and natural gas combustion with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). We estimate current costs with literature data, use learning rates to characterize future costs, and develop capacity factors calibrated to an 85% renewables grid to calculate the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of each technology. Results illustrate that at the 12-hour storage duration, PHS and CAES have the lowest LCOE with current costs, and VRBs become competitive if future costs are achieved. At the 120-hour storage duration, hydrogen systems with geologic storage and natural gas with CCS achieve the lowest LCOE in both current and future capital cost scenarios. In particular, the new configuration of HDV-PEM fuel cells with hydrogen storage in geologic formations evaluated here could lower the LCOE by 22-27% compared to stationary fuel cell systems typically evaluated and might help enable very high (>80%) renewable energy electric power systems. P-TES and hydrogen stored in underground pipes are the least-cost options at the 120-hour storage duration rating that do not require some form of geologic storage. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo analysis illustrate that the general trends seen in this study are valid for a wide range of capacity factors and future cost scenarios. The study also illustrates that coproducing and selling hydrogen to other markets could reduce the LCOE of hydrogen systems by up to 39%.

carbon capture and sequestration↗