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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Analytical investigation of synchrophasing as a means of reducing aircraft interior noise

The noise control characteristics of synchrophasing are investigated using a simplified model of an aircraft fuselage. The analysis presented here includes directivity effects of the noise sources and solves in closed form the coupled motion between the interior and exterior acoustic fields and the shell vibrational response. The variation in sound pressure level at various locations inside the shell is studied for various synchrophase angles as well as the shell vibrational response and input power flow in order to uncover the principal mechanisms behind the transmission phenomena.

Fuller, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

GFFC experiment progress

Vibration, out-gas, and acoustic tests performed on the Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC) instrument are reported. The slope of the 59 experiments to be performed by GFFC is outlined. Spacelab 3 crew training on the operation of the GFFC instrument is mentioned.

Leslie, F.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A wave envelope finite element scheme for acoustical radiation

The aeroacoustic problem associated with the radiation of fan noise from the inlet of a turbofan aircraft engine, the dimensions of which are generally many times larger than the acoustical wavelengths of the major energy-carrying frequencies, is considered. In the present approach, a conventional finite element solution in the inner region is compatibly matched to a 'wave envelope' finite element solution in a large but finite outer region. The inclusion of a wavelike variation with the correct asymptotic decay in the shape functions for the outer region preserves the correct behavior of the solution at large distances. The method is initially presented for a simple one-dimensional model based on the solution of Webster's horn equation. Results are presented for the specific case of a uniform cylindrical section joined to a conical expansion, and also for a simple axisymmetric test case of the calculation of acoustical pressure generated by a vibrating circular piston located at the center of an infinite rigid baffle.

Astley, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Noise control characteristics of synchrophasing - An analytical investigation

In this paper the noise control characteristics of synchrophasing are investigated using a simplified model of an aircraft fuselage. The analysis presented here includes directivity effects of the noise sources and solves in closed form the coupled motion between the interior and exterior acoustic fields and the shell vibrational response. The variation in sound pressure level at various locations inside the shell is studied for various synchrophase angles as well as the shell vibrational response and input power flow in order to uncover the principal mechanisms behind the transmission phenomena.

Fuller, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Acoustics Research of Propulsion Systems

The liftoff phase induces high acoustic loading over a broad frequency range for a launch vehicle. These external acoustic environments are used in the prediction of the internal vibration responses of the vehicle and components. Present liftoff vehicle acoustic environment prediction methods utilize stationary data from previously conducted hold-down tests to generate 1/3 octave band Sound Pressure Level (SPL) spectra. In an effort to update the accuracy and quality of liftoff acoustic loading predictions, non-stationary flight data from the Ares I-X were processed in PC-Signal in two flight phases: simulated hold-down and liftoff. In conjunction, the Prediction of Acoustic Vehicle Environments (PAVE) program was developed in MATLAB to allow for efficient predictions of sound pressure levels (SPLs) as a function of station number along the vehicle using semi-empirical methods. This consisted of generating the Dimensionless Spectrum Function (DSF) and Dimensionless Source Location (DSL) curves from the Ares I-X flight data. These are then used in the MATLAB program to generate the 1/3 octave band SPL spectra. Concluding results show major differences in SPLs between the hold-down test data and the processed Ares I-X flight data making the Ares I-X flight data more practical for future vehicle acoustic environment predictions.

Gao, Ximing↗
DOE OSTI2018

Enhancement of Structural Health Monitoring Framework by Optimizing Vibro-Acoustic Modulation Technique to Localize Alkali-Silica Reaction Degradation in Medium-Sized Concrete Samples

Assessment and management of aging concrete structures in nuclear power plants require a more systematic approach than simple reliance on existing code margins of safety. Health monitoring of concrete structures is performed to understand the current condition of a structure based on heterogeneous measurements and then produce high confidence actionable information regarding structural integrity. This information can then be used to support operational and maintenance decisions. The objectives of this ongoing research project focus on health monitoring and data analytics of concrete slabs containing reactive aggregates and thus subjected to degradation due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR). A controlled concrete slab with four pockets of reactive aggregates (pure silica, wells, placitas, and spratt) was cast at Vanderbilt University and cured in representative conditions to accelerate degradation due to ASR. A set of four concrete samples were also cast and cured at the University of Alabama for ASR testing. Of these four samples, two slabs contained reactive aggregates while the other two had the non-reactive aggregate counterparts mixed throughout the samples. Vibro-acoustic methods were used on these slabs to locate large pockets of ASR within the reactive samples and determine the effects of rebar using the non-reactive slabs. Vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) is a vibration-based NDE method that utilizes signatures of nonlinear dynamic interactions on contact surfaces of crack or delamination damage to detect and localize the damage. VAM analysis was conducted on both Vanderbilt and Alabama’s samples using multiple variables for damage detection and localization. The results from the data analysis of the NDE vibro-acoustic techniques on concrete slabs cured at Vanderbilt University and the University of Alabama are discussed in detail in this report. The major outcome of the analysis suggests that the VAM method can be used to detect damage within the concrete samples by comparing the results found in different sections of the samples. Results for damage localization are dependent on multiple variables used in the vibro-acoustic modulation experiments. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a three-dimensional, full-field, optical NDE technique to measure contour, deformation, vibration, and strain. The application of the digital image correlation technique to study ASR-related degradation on a large concrete sample at the University of Tennessee Knoxville is discussed and observations are presented in this report.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Update on Electric Motor Noise

Electric motors like those used in concept Advanced Air Mobility vehicles generate noise relevant to the acoustic profile of those vehicles. This work presents ongoing efforts to study, understand, and predict the noise generated by these types of motors. Efforts to perform experimental and simulation investigations of motor vibration modes are presented. Then recent acoustic measurements of operating motors and the resonant tones they generate is discussed. Lastly an update of ongoing efforts to measure real world vehicles is provided.

Electric motor noise↗
NASA NTRS1975

Digital control of high-intensity acoustic testing

Three systems for the control of acoustic testing are compared: a hybrid digital/analog system, a digital vibration system, and the same digital vibration system modified by a software change. The hybrid system was constructed to control the 1/3-octaves from 50 to 1000 Hz. The vibration system was equipped with programs for sine and random vibration tests, shock analysis and synthesis, and signal analysis. For the modified vibration system, the random-vibration control program of the unmodified unit was changed so that acoustic tests could be performed. The performance of the three systems is compared by conducting probability-density and time-history analyses of the proposed test spectrum for the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 program. The results of the analyses show that the hybrid and modified vibration systems perform almost equally, but the modified vibration system is easier to use and produces better test documentation.

Slusser, R. A.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Phonon-mediated ultrafast dynamics in self-assembled monolayers of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid on gold

Non-equilibrium interactions between plasmonic metals and adsorbed molecules lie at the heart of emerging applications such as plasmonic photocatalysis and sensing, though the ultrafast charge and energy transfer mechanisms arising from these interactions are not well understood. Herein, we investigate the ultrafast dynamics of Au nano-islands tethered with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of electron-withdrawing 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4MBA) molecules. Ultrafast UV-visible transient absorption spectroscopy following excitation of the interband transition in Au reveals three well-known, characteristic time constants that quantify electron–electron (el–el), electron–phonon (el–ph) and phonon–phonon (ph–ph) scattering lifetimes. When comparing the dynamics of bare Au and 4MBA-Au, we find that the el–ph and ph–ph scattering lifetimes are notably longer in 4MBA-Au. Density functional perturbation theory calculations ascribe the elongation in el–ph lifetimes in 4MBA-Au to the significant coupling of acoustic phonon modes of Au with certain molecular vibrations of 4MBA, leading to decreased spatial overlap between carrier electronic states and the acoustic modes. We speculate that the elongation of ph–ph scattering lifetimes in 4MBA-Au arises due to poor thermal conductivity of the SAM which disrupts efficient energy dissipation from Au to the environment, thus slowing down the thermalization of phonons. This work provides a glimpse into how molecular adsorbates modify the charge carrier and phonon dynamics of Au and sets the stage for further systematic exploration of plasmonic metal–molecule interactions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1987

Active control of sound fields in elastic cylinders by vibrational inputs

An experiment is performed to study the mechanisms of active control of sound fields in elastic cylinders via vibrational outputs. In the present method of control, a vibrational force input was used as the secondary control input to reduce the radiated acoustic field. For the frequencies considered, the active vibration technique provided good global reduction of interior sound even though only one actuator was used.

Jones, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS2011

A Review of Large Solid Rocket Motor Free Field Acoustics, Part I

At the ATK facility in Utah, large full scale solid rocket motors are tested. The largest is a five segment version of the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor, which is for use on future launch vehicles. Since 2006, Acoustic measurements have been taken on large solid rocket motors at ATK. Both the four segment RSRM and the five segment RSRMV have been instrumented. Measurements are used to update acoustic prediction models and to correlate against vibration responses of the motor. Presentation focuses on two major sections: Part I) Unique challenges associated with measuring rocket acoustics Part II) Acoustic measurements summary over past five years

Pilkey, Debbie↗
NASA NTRS1981

A study of the viscous dissipation and surface loading on a vibrating surface

The energy dissipated by viscosity at the edge of a vibrating flat plate is calculated and compared to the radiated acoustic energy. A correction to the Kirchhoff integral estimate of the noise is derived. For Helmholtz number of order unity and smaller the dissipation can be comparable to or greater than the acoustic energy. A viscous compressible theory of the load distribution on a vibrating two dimensional body is developed. First it is shown that load calculations based on potential theory and the Newmann uniqueness condition (continuity of potential or pressure on the surface) are not in agreement with experiment or the more correct viscous theory. For a flat plate airfoil the eigensolution of potential theory is indeterminant while viscous theory yields a unique solution that has square root singularities at the edges. It is also shown that for compact surfaces the far field acoustics depend only on the magnitude of the eigensolutions of potential theoy and so will be uniquely determined by the viscous theory. It is suggested that the general viscous theory of vibrating surfaces with cross sectional geometry will lead to results in agreement with expermentally measured load distributions.

Yates, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Structural dynamic and aeroelastic considerations for hypersonic vehicles

Structural dynamic and aeroelastic considerations applicable to hypersonic vehicles are discussed. Emphasis is given to aerospace plane configurations. The definition of aerothermoelasticity and the operational flight environment are reviewed, and structural dynamic and aeroelastic areas of concern are individually discussed, including vibration, landing and taxiing, propellant dynamics, acoustics, lifting surface flutter, panel flutter, control surface buzz, buffeting, gust response, and static aeroelasticity. Recent research results from all-moveable delta-wing aerolastic studies, engine inlet lip aeroelastic analysis, and studies of thermal effects on vibration frequencies, aerodynamic heating effects on flutter, and active control of aeroelastic response are reviewed.

Cazier, F. W., Jr.↗
DOE OSTI2014

The near-field acoustic levitation of high-mass rotors

Here we demonstrate that spherical rotors with 40 mm diameter and 0-1 kg mass can be suspended more than tens of micrometers away from an ultrasonically vibrating concave surface by near-field acoustic radiation force. Their rotating speeds exceed 3000 rpm. An acoustic model has been developed to evaluate the near-field acoustic radiation force and the resonant frequencies of levitation system. This technique has potential application in developing acoustic gyroscope.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2014

Acoustics Research of Propulsion Systems

The liftoff phase induces some of the highest acoustic loading over a broad frequency for a launch vehicle. These external acoustic environments are used in the prediction of the internal vibration responses of the vehicle and components. Thus, predicting these liftoff acoustic environments is critical to the design requirements of any launch vehicle but there are challenges. Present liftoff vehicle acoustic environment prediction methods utilize stationary data from previously conducted hold-down tests; i.e. static firings conducted in the 1960's, to generate 1/3 octave band Sound Pressure Level (SPL) spectra. These data sets are used to predict the liftoff acoustic environments for launch vehicles. To facilitate the accuracy and quality of acoustic loading, predictions at liftoff for future launch vehicles such as the Space Launch System (SLS), non-stationary flight data from the Ares I-X were processed in PC-Signal in two forms which included a simulated hold-down phase and the entire launch phase. In conjunction, the Prediction of Acoustic Vehicle Environments (PAVE) program was developed in MATLAB to allow for efficient predictions of sound pressure levels (SPLs) as a function of station number along the vehicle using semiempirical methods. This consisted, initially, of generating the Dimensionless Spectrum Function (DSF) and Dimensionless Source Location (DSL) curves from the Ares I-X flight data. These are then used in the MATLAB program to generate the 1/3 octave band SPL spectra. Concluding results show major differences in SPLs between the hold-down test data and the processed Ares IX flight data making the Ares I-X flight data more practical for future vehicle acoustic environment predictions.

Gao, Ximing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

An Initial Vibro-Acoustic Model for Predicting Electric Motor Noise

A system-level tool to predict electric motor noise, suitable for trade studies of eVTOL and UAM aircraft, does not exist. This work describes the ongoing effort to develop such a tool. It utilizes a 3 phase prediction routine that models the electro-magnetic interactions of the electric motor, the resulting structural vibrations of the motor rotor, and finally the acoustic propagation generated by those structural vibrations.

Electric Motor Noise↗
NASA NTRS1992

Response of launch pad structures to random acoustic excitation

Two solutions (probabilistic and deterministic) for the random vibration problem are presented in this paper from the standpoint of their applicability to predict the response of ground structures subjected to acoustic loading during the launch of a Space Shuttle. Deficiencies of the probabilistic method, especially to predict response in the low-frequency regime, prompted the development of the deterministic analysis, which offers a valid alternative. Challenges associated with the implementation of these response solutions in a commercially available Finite Element Method (FEM) code are briefly addressed.

Margasahayam, Ravi↗
DOE OSTI2018

Uncertainty Quantification in Vibro-Acoustics Diagnosis of Alkali-Silica Reaction Degradation in Medium-Sized Concrete Samples

The objectives of this ongoing research project focus on health monitoring and data analytics of concrete slabs containing reactive aggregates and thus subjected to degradation due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR). A controlled concrete slab with four pockets of reactive aggregates (pure silica, wells, placitas, and spratt) was cast at Vanderbilt University and cured in representative conditions to accelerate degradation due to ASR. A set of four concrete samples were also cast and cured at the University of Alabama for ASR testing. Of these four samples, two slabs contained reactive aggregates while the other two had the non-reactive aggregate counterparts mixed throughout the samples. Vibro-acoustic testing was used on these slabs to locate ASR damage within the reactive samples. Vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) is a vibration-based NDE method that utilizes signatures of nonlinear dynamic interactions on contact surfaces of crack or delamination damage to detect and localize the damage. VAM analysis was conducted on both the Vanderbilt and Alabama samples using multiple variables for damage detection and localization. The results from the data analysis of the vibro-acoustic testing on concrete slabs cured at Vanderbilt University and the University of Alabama are discussed in detail in this report. Results for damage localization are dependent on multiple variables used in the vibro-acoustic modulation experiments. A major focus of this report is to quantify the uncertainty in the diagnosis due to multiple factors and uncertainty sources. The uncertainty quantification methodology presented in this report was applied to VAM-based diagnosis and prognosis. However, the methodology is general, and is capable of being applied to multiple technique that collect spatially distributed data. Future work needs to investigate the incorporation of uncertainty quantification in developing a robust Prognostics and Health Management framework. Digital image correlation is a three-dimensional, full-field, optical NDE technique to measure contour, deformation, vibration, and strain. The application of the digital image correlation technique to study ASR-related degradation on a large concrete specimen at the University of Tennessee is discussed and observations are presented in this report.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗