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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Grand Challenges Revisited: Wind Energy Research Needs for a Global Energy Transition

Wind will be a foundational energy source in the electricity grid at the heart of a future integrated energy system, replacing traditional electricity generators powered by fossil fuels and providing grid reliability services in addition to energy. Future capabilities and functions of the wind energy sector will evolve apace with the future expansion and needs of global energy infrastructure; however, wind turbines designed today will not be able to provide the services needed to form and stabilize the grid as a majority supplier. In 2017, organizers for the IEA Wind Technical Experts Meeting (TEM) #89 Grand Vision for Wind Energy workshop assembled a group of experts to consider the question of how to enable a future in which wind energy supplies more than 50% of global electricity consumption. More than 70 experts representing 15 countries attended the workshop and provided diverse perspectives for the Grand Vision for Wind Energy. The IEA Wind TEM #109 was a subsequent gathering that was convened Feb. 28-March 1, 2023, in Boulder, Colorado, USA. The IEA Wind TEM #109 meeting aimed to bring together the leaders of all working groups and the IEA Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) to identify gaps in scientific knowledge, design, and deployment practice as well as identify recommendations for collaborative pathways, initiatives, and prioritized long-term research needs that can be addressed by IEA Wind. This report captures the outcomes of this meeting of international experts: five Grand Challenge areas (The Atmosphere, The Turbine, The Plant and Grid, Environmental Co-Design, and Social Science). In addition, meeting participants identified eight crosscutting topic areas that are discusses within this report (Environment-Turbine, Turbine-Atmosphere, Atmosphere-Grid/Plant, Grid/Plant-Turbine, Grid/Plant-Environment, Atmosphere-Environment, Turbine-Social, and Social-Grid/Plant).

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Evaluating energy justice metrics in early-stage science and technology research using the JUST-R metrics framework

Embedding principles of energy justice throughout all aspects of clean energy technology research and development (R&D) can facilitate a more just energy transition; yet gaps remain in our understanding of how to best integrate energy justice from the earliest R&D stages. The Justice Underpinning Science and Technology Research (JUST-R) metrics framework has been developed to enable early-stage energy researchers to assess and address justice considerations associated with their research, but the impacts of the framework, and others like it, have yet to be evaluated. This study seeks to evaluate the JUST-R metrics framework in terms of its effectiveness and appeal to researchers engaged in early-stage technical R&D using qualitative analyses of documents and workshop transcripts. We find that the metrics framework helps researchers identify problems and potential solutions surrounding the energy justice implications of their work and spurs a change in perspective for researchers, but, simultaneously, there is no evidence of solution follow-through within the evaluation timeframe. Greater institutional support, specialization to research areas, knowledge of energy justice fundamentals, and earlier incorporation of energy justice considerations in research projects arise as factors needed to aid continued use of the framework and pursuit of identified solutions. This evaluation protocol and these findings can serve as a guide for improving other frameworks with similar goals of encouraging sociotechnical engagement in early-stage energy R&D.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS1977

On the large-scale structure in turbulent free shear flows

The interaction between the large-scale structure and the disparately fine-grained turbulence in a free turbulent shear flow, in particular, the mixing region is considered. New results pertaining to the spatial problem are presented. An incompressible fluid is considered. An energy integral description is discussed, giving attention to shape assumptions, the interaction problem, energy transfer mechanisms, the spectral dependence of the interaction, and the control of the large-scale structure.

Liu, J. T. C.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Repeatable, multiple-peaked structure in Type I X-ray bursts

A distinct, identifiable, multiple-peaked structure has been observed in Type I X-ray bursts from three sources. At energies below 6 keV, the light curves look like typical Type I bursts. At higher energies, the burst is double-peaked, with both the depth of the dip and the separation between the peaks increasing with energy. A light curve of the energy-integrated intensity shows no distinct double peak, suggesting that only a single energy release occurs. Blackbody fits to the evolving burst spectra yield changing radii and temperatures, inversely correlated, during the early part of the burst. The physical interpretation of these changes is uncertain. Burst decay spectra yield relatively constant radii with decreasing temperatures. It is proposed that Compton scattering may be responsible for the dips in the higher-energy light curves by shifting photons to lower energies.

Hoffman, J. A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

ARIES Network Requirements Review

The Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) is the high-performance network user facility for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (SC) and delivers highly reliable data transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of data-intensive science. In essence, ESnet is the circulatory system that enables the DOE science mission by connecting all of its laboratories and facilities in the US and abroad. ESnet is funded and stewarded by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program and managed and operated by the Scientific Networking Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). ESnet is widely regarded as a global leader in the research and education networking community. On May 1, 2021, ESnet and the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), organized an ESnet requirements review of the ARIES (Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems) platform. Preparation for this event included identification of key stakeholders to the process: program and facility management, research groups, technology providers, and a number of external observers. These individuals were asked to prepare formal case study documents in order to build a complete understanding of the current, near-term, and long-term status, expectations, and processes that will support the science going forward.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Validation of Microgrid Algorithms using At-Scale Simulation and Emulation Real-Time (ASSERT) Framework

This paper presents a novel framework for validating microgrid algorithms using a At-Scale Simulation and Emulation Real-Time (ASSERT) setup. The proposed universal microgrid validation framework was developed at Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES) platform at National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado, USA. As the number of intercommunicating devices grow in power systems, along with more integration of inverter-based resources, developing and validating microgrid operation and control algorithms is becoming complex and time-consuming task. The ASSERT framework is designed to provide a comprehensive, accurate, and efficient solution for validating microgrid algorithms. It combines at-scale simulations and real-time emulation to create a virtual environment that closely mimics the behavior of a physical microgrids which are characteristic of future smart distribution systems, such as: (1) increasing variability in the physical size of new energy technologies; (2) requiring control large numbers of interconnected devices, and (3) integrating diverse technologies that have not previously worked together. The paper describes the technical details of the ASSERT framework, its validation process, and its benefits over traditional validation methods. The framework's ability to validate the performance of various algorithms is demonstrated through a case study, which shows that it can effectively identify the weaknesses of an algorithm and optimize its performance. Overall, the ASSERT framework is a promising tool that can significantly enhance the development and validation of microgrid algorithms, leading to more reliable and efficient microgrid operation.

at-scale↗
DOE OSTI2024

Energy Materials Chemistry Integrating Theory, Experiment and Data Science (Final Report)

The Energy Materials Chemistry Integrating Theory, Experiment and Data Science (EM-CITED) project is a multidisciplinary research effort focused on accelerating discovery of scientific knowledge via incorporation of data science and artificial intelligence in materials chemistry research. The project aims to advance materials chemistry-aware data science to unify theory and experiment knowledge streams. The work resulted in foundational AI frameworks for materials chemistry – Deep Reasoning Networks (DRNets), Hierarchical Correlation Learning for Multi-property Prediction (H-CLMP), and Material-to-Spectrum (Mat2Spec) prediction – as well as a host of strategies for accelerated scientific discoveries through principled incorporation of data science in computational and experimental research.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electrification of Pakistan's Transport System: Modeling Electric Vehicle Penetration and Energy Supply Chain Impacts

Initial analysis of the National Electric Vehicle Policy (NEVP) of Pakistan was undertaken by an integrated energy planning team from November 2019 through August 2020. This technical reference document seeks to present the background, inputs and assumptions, methodology, and results of the policy analysis in detail. The intended audience is the technical modeler, analyst, or reviewer who seeks to understand specifically the modeling effort within this initial analytical phase, with the end-goal of interpreting, re-producing, or modifying the simulations or extending the models to conduct follow-on studies subsequently. These studies may examine in greater detail the energy sector, impacts to emissions, charging station infrastructure needs, and overall benefits-cost trade of the policy, among other areas of interest.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS1984

IUE and ground-based observations of the Hubble-Sandage variables in M31 and M33

Ultraviolet spectra were obtained from the International Ultraviolet Explorer for the brightest Hubble-Sandage (H-S) variables in M31 and M33. The ultraviolet fluxes were then used in combination with ground-based visual and infrared photometry to determine the energy distributions, luminosities, and temperatures of these stars. When corrected for interstellar extinction, the integrated energy distributions yield the total luminosities and blackbody temperatures of the H-S variables. The resulting bolometric magnitudes and temperatures confirm that these peculiar stars are indeed very luminous, hot stars. They occupy the same regions of the bolometric magnitude vs temperature diagram as Eta Car and P Cyg in the Galaxy and S Dor in the LMC.

Blaha, C.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Power Systems: Fundamentals for the Greater Mekong Subregion

This presentation is an introduction to foundational concepts for integrating variable renewable energy (VRE) into bulk power systems, with a focus on the Greater Mekong Subregion. It contains fundamentals on challenges and solutions for VRE integration (e.g., wind and solar PV), as well as deep dives on energy storage, floating solar PV (FPV), and cross-border energy trade (CBET). Case studies are contained throughout.

Cambodia↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improving bamboo’s fuel and storage properties with a net energy export through torrefaction paired with catalytic oxidation

Using torrefied char, or biocoal, as solid fuel provides an opportunity to introduce a sustainable feedstock into the energy market. The goals of this study were to investigate how torrefaction improves the energy content and the grindability of a Malaysian bamboo along with understanding the potential for integrated energy recovery from torrefaction gases. The feedstock was torrefied at 250–290 °C for 1 h and the combustion characteristics and grindability of the solid products along with the composition of torrefied gas species were measured. The results showed a beneficial increase in elemental carbon increased from 47 to 63 wt% at 290 °C torrefaction, reflecting an increase in higher heating value from 17.8 to 25.6 MJ/kg. The combustion behavior of all the products appeared to show three distinct combustion zones; however, torrefaction severity leading to higher combustion temperature and time as the fixed carbon augmented with the increase of torrefaction temperature. This increase in severity also lead to more friable and grindable material, and the 290 °C condition required a factor of 2.7 less hold-up time in the mill compared to the raw bamboo, and a factor of 8.5 less energy (938 and 111 kWh/tonne respectively). Through analysis of the gas and volatile formation, a case study showed that catalytic oxidation can convert nearly 100% of the embodied chemical energy into usable thermal energy. These experimental findings were scaled to a 100,000 tonne/y capacity torrefaction plant and in the moderate case of 270 °C operating temperature, the plant has 1.25 GJ/tonne excess energy beyond what the process needs.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Geologic hydrogen: a review of resource potential, subsurface dynamics, exploration, production, transportation, and research opportunities

Hydrogen is a versatile resource with critical roles in decarbonization, industrial manufacturing, and energy integration. However, most hydrogen today is produced from fossil fuels, resulting in high emissions and energy consumption. Although low-carbon hydrogen production methods, such as steam methane reforming with carbon capture and renewable-powered electrolysis, are advancing, their high costs hinder large-scale deployment. Identifying alternative pathways for producing low-cost, low-emission hydrogen is therefore essential. Geologic hydrogen, referring to natural and stimulated hydrogen generated in the Earth's subsurface, has attracted growing attention as a potential source of sustainable, economically viable, and environmentally favorable hydrogen. This paper provides a comprehensive review of geologic hydrogen, covering its resource potential, origins, migration and trapping mechanisms, exploration techniques, production strategies, and pipeline transportation. It also identifies key knowledge gaps and proposes a roadmap for future research. The review indicates that geologic hydrogen has vast resource potential and can leverage existing subsurface technologies and geophysical exploration methods. However, major challenges persist, including uncertain hydrogen generation rates, limited understanding and control of serpentinization processes, costly transportation infrastructure, the lack of validated techno-economic analysis, and potential social and environmental issues. As the field is still in its early stages, progress will require interdisciplinary collaboration spanning geoscience, engineering, economics, environmental science, and policy and regulation.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pinch Heat Integration Tool (PIT) v0.9

The pinch heat integration tool (PIT) is a multi-module tool designed for identifying and analyzing thermal energy integration at facilities. It generates pinch and grand composite curves to identify optimal streams for heat exchange and industrial heat pumps. Users input heating and cooling stream data via an Excel sheet. The tool comprises four modules: 1. 'Main Pinch' for creating a pinch diagram using user-provided data. 2. 'GCC' for generating a grand composite curve to identify utility optimization opportunities. 3. 'Heat Exchanger' for analyzing stream combinations for heat exchange. 4. 'Heat Pump' for evaluating streams as sources and sinks for heat pumps and calculating the heat pump's coefficient of performance based on the selected refrigerant.

Karki, Unique [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborato↗
DOE OSTI2022

A Roadmap Toward a Sustainable Aviation Ecosystem

This report outlines a holistic view of pathways to a sustainable aviation ecosystem, focusing on low-net-carbon aircraft energy carriers (fuels), airport ecosystems (airports and bases), and developments in sustainable aircraft components (aircraft). Taking this holistic ecosystem perspective, we identify critical components that contribute to sustainable energy solutions necessary to achieve deep decarbonization of the aviation industry, as well as the integrated energy system interfaces that must be comprehensively understood, planned for, and realized. Further, we outline necessary R&D needs to achieve sustainability across the aviation ecosystem, including advancing breakthrough innovations to rapidly achieve scalable solutions, with attention to their cross-sectoral dependencies and implications.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS1976

Energetic electrons in the Jovian magnetosphere

Results are reported for a detailed analysis of Pioneer 10 data on energetic particle species in the magnetodisk region of Jupiter's magnetosphere. It is shown that the observed counting rates in the magnetodisk (beyond 20 Jupiter radii) were caused primarily by electrons with energies exceeding 0.06 MeV. Absolute omnidirectional electron intensities in the magnetodisk are presented for five integral energy ranges, and a model electron differential energy spectrum is found to fit the intensities throughout most of the encounter trajectory. It is suggested that the observed spectral shape results from losses of high-energy electrons by pitch-angle scattering. Observed equatorial energy spectra are used to compute distribution functions for several values of the first adiabatic invariant, mu. The radial profiles of the functions are found to have maxima at about 50 Jupiter radii inbound as well as at about 90 radii outbound and to diminish strongly for lesser radii. The large decreases in density are shown to require strong losses, and resonant electron whistler-mode pitch-angle scattering is suggested as a loss mechanism.

Baker, D. N.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Digital Twin Development of FASTR

This work package is focused on creating a digital twin (DT) of the Facility to Alleviate Salt Technology Risks (FASTR) experiment. FASTR is a high-profile facility tasked with maturing molten salt applications such as liquid salt energy storage, concentrated solar power facilities, and molten salt cooling systems supporting other advanced reactor technologies, all of which may be incorporated as components within the Integrated Energy Systems (IES) program. As part of creating a digital twin (DT), verification and validation (V&V) has been performed for the physics-based model, and gaps have been identified. Additionally, a preliminary integration of the FASTR model has been completed with the existing physics-based model of the Thermal Energy Distribution System (TEDS)/Microreactor AGile Non-nuclear Experimental Testbed (MAGNET) facility at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). A Functional Mock-up Unit (FMU) of the physics-based system model and a reduced-order model (ROM) were both used to test for a preliminary hardware in the loop operation when the physical loop was offline. Future tasks could include improving the physics-based model to better match the available experimental data, improving the hardware in the loop integration, and improving the integration with the TEDS model.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

FENIX: An Open-Source Multiphysics Integrated Framework Enabling Collaborative Development of Plasma Facing Component Modeling Capabilities

Advanced modeling and simulation tools have a crucial role to play in accelerating fusion energy deployment as a sustainable power source. Multiphysics, high-fidelity computational tools can help understand, model, and quantify the complex interactions between materials performance, plasma and neutron exposure, and engineering processes. As a result, they accelerate the design, safety analysis, and performance evaluation of fusion systems. This webinar introduces the Fusion ENergy Integrated multiphys-X (FENIX) framework, an open-source multiphysics tool for plasma facing component modeling. FENIX leverages the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework, which has been developed by the United States Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program. FENIX couples various MOOSE capabilities such as heat transfer, thermomechanics, thermal hydraulics, electromagnetics, and plasma kinetics with the MOOSE-based applications Cardinal (neutronics) and TMAP8 (tritium transport). During the webinar, we will present FENIX and discuss how its modularity, openness, software quality assurance processes, and licensing approach supports effective collaborations, including public-private partnerships.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Klickitat Valley Health Central Utility Plant Modernization

This project replaced legacy heating and cooling equipment at Klickitat Valley Health (KVH), a rural hospital in Goldendale, Washington. Work included constructing a new chiller building, installing modern hydronic piping systems, replacing the main Emergency Department air handler (Air Handlining Unit (AHU-1)), upgrading electrical systems, and converting the Emergency Department wing from electric reheat to hydronic heating and cooling. Commissioning, testing, adjusting, and balancing were completed under this grant. These upgrades improve energy efficiency, operational resilience, and system reliability while preparing the campus for future electrification and renewable energy integration. They also support growth in healthcare services for a rural population. The project directly reduces energy costs and provides a foundation for future decarbonization measures, including a FEMA-funded microgrid and a large-scale ground source heat pump (GSHP) project. These follow-on initiatives would not have been possible without the hydronic backbone built through this project.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗