Continuous and dynamic spectral tuning of single nanowire lasers with subnanometer resolution using hydrostatic pressure
In this paper, we report continuous, dynamic, reversible, and widely tunable lasing from 367 to 337 nm from single GaN nanowires (NWs) by applying hydrostatic pressure up to ~7 GPa. The GaN NW lasers, with heights of 4–5 μm and diameters ~140 nm, are fabricated using a lithographically defined two-step top-down technique. The wavelength tuning is caused by an increasing Γ direct bandgap of GaN with increasing pressure and is precisely controllable to subnanometer resolution. The observed pressure coefficients of the NWs are ~40% larger compared with GaN microstructures fabricated from the same material or from reported bulk GaN values, revealing a nanoscale-related effect that significantly enhances the tuning range using this approach. Finally, this approach can be generally applied to other semiconductor NW lasers to potentially achieve full spectral coverage from the UV to IR.