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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2026

Report on the Update and Codification of Expert Knowledge into ASTM Standard Practice E521

The overall purpose of the Grand Challenge Integrated Research Project (IRP), Accelerating the Qualification of Materials to Enable Rapid Deployment of Advanced Reactors, is to fulfill several objectives. The first objective is to complete and demonstrate/establish the process for predicting the microstructure and properties of structural materials in reactor and at high doses using ion irradiation as an accurate predictive tool for assessing behavior under reactor irradiation. The second objective is for this process to be adopted as part of an ASTM standard, and to work with the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to utilize this standard in licensing decisions on advanced reactor designs for which such data are nonexistent or impractical to achieve. The need for standardized procedures is apparent based on the outcomes of a recent round-robin experiment from laboratories using ion beams for radiation damage studies and the roadmap for ion beam technologies to address challenges for the advancement of nuclear energy technologies.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Review of the U.S. Policies, Codes, and Standards of Zero-Carbon Buildings

The global issue of climate change has accelerated the international commitment to net-zero carbon emission development. Decarbonizing the building sector has been put on several governments’ sustainable development agendas. To provide a reference for decarbonizing the building sector, this paper summarizes the U.S. experience in zero-carbon buildings (ZCBs) from the aspects of policies, codes, and standards at the federal and local levels and those of professional societies. Based on the definition and boundaries of ZCBs, this paper introduces policies on building energy efficiency, electrification, on-site renewable energy deployment, and “buy clean”, illustrating highlights in building phases, energy systems, materials production, and fiscal incentives. The synergic efforts and coordination between federal and local levels and with professional societies are also introduced. Successful experiences in policy and standard implementation are summarized, including the systemic work of multilevel governance, clearly defined goals and stringent policies, constant upgrades of codes and standards, transparency in reporting and information sharing, and increased financial and investment opportunities. This paper provides concrete recommendations for developing zero-carbon building policies.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2022

Uniform Recalibration of Common Spectrophotometry Standard Stars onto the CALSPEC System Using the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph

Abstract We calibrate spectrophotometric optical spectra of 32 stars commonly used as standard stars, referenced to 14 stars already on the Hubble Space Telescope–based CALSPEC flux system. Observations of CALSPEC and non-CALSPEC stars were obtained with the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph over the wavelength range 3300–9400 Å as calibration for the Nearby Supernova Factory cosmology experiment. In total, this analysis used 4289 standard-star spectra taken on photometric nights. As a modern cosmology analysis, all presubmission methodological decisions were made with the flux scale and external comparison results blinded. The large number of spectra per star allows us to treat the wavelength-by-wavelength calibration for all nights simultaneously with a Bayesian hierarchical model, thereby enabling a consistent treatment of the Type Ia supernova cosmology analysis and the calibration on which it critically relies. We determine the typical per-observation repeatability (median 14 mmag for exposures ≳5 s), the Maunakea atmospheric transmission distribution (median dispersion of 7 mmag with uncertainty 1 mmag), and the scatter internal to our CALSPEC reference stars (median of 8 mmag). We also check our standards against literature filter photometry, finding generally good agreement over the full 12 mag range. Overall, the mean of our system is calibrated to the mean of CALSPEC at the level of ∼3 mmag. With our large number of observations, careful cross-checks, and 14 reference stars, our results are the best calibration yet achieved with an integral-field spectrograph, and among the best calibrated surveys.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS2003

Standard user data services for spacecraft applications

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems is an international organization of national space agencies that is branching out to provide new standards to enhanced reuse of spacecraft equiptment and software. These Spacecraft Onboard Interface (SOIF) standards will be based on the well-known Internet protocols. this paper will review the SOIF standards by looking at the services that are being proposed for SOIF.

space interfaces avionics interfaces standard inte↗

NASA NTRS2002

The spacecraft onboard interface standardization activity

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is an international organization of national space agencies (such as NASA in the United States) that is organized to promote the interchange of space related information. Now, CCSDS is branching out to provide new standards for the interchange of information, and the interconnection of subsystems and devices onboard of a spacecraft. This effort is know as Spacecraft Onboard Interface (SOIF). SOIF will publish standards that will allow for the enhanced reuse of spacecraft equipment and software. SOIF expects that these standards will be well known and used within the space community, and that they will be based on or similar to the well-known Internet protocols. This paper will provide a description of the SOIF work by reviewing this work with three orthogonal views. The first of these views is the Protocol view, which describes the protocols and services that are to be implemented in order to provide the users with the advantages of the SOIF architecture. The second of these views is the Services View, which describes the data communications services that are provided to the users. And finally, the Interoperability view provides a description to users how SOIF can be used to interchange between different spacecraft data busses. This paper will give the reader an excellent introduction to the work of the international SOIF team.

spacecraft interfaces standard interfaces CCSDS↗

NASA NTRS2002

The spacecraft onboard interface standardization activity

spacecraft interfaces standard interfaces CCSDS↗

NASA NTRS2003

Standardized Spacecraft Onboard Interfaces

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS), an international organization of national space agencies, is branching out to provide new standards to enhanced reuse of onboard spacecraft equipment and software. These Spacecraft Onboard Interface (SOIF) standards will be, in part, based on the well-known Internet protocols. This paper will provide a description of the SOIF work by describing three orthogonal views: the Services View that describes data communications services, the Interoperability view shows how to exchange data and messages between different spacecraft elements, and the Protocol view, that describes the SOIF protocols and services. We will also provide a description of the present state of the services that will be provided to SOIF users, and are the basis of the utility of these standards.

space interfaces↗

NASA NTRS2016

International Metadata Standards and Enterprise Data Quality Metadata Systems

Well-documented data quality is critical in situations where scientists and decision-makers need to combine multiple datasets from different disciplines and collection systems to address scientific questions or difficult decisions. Standardized data quality metadata could be very helpful in these situations. Many efforts at developing data quality standards falter because of the diversity of approaches to measuring and reporting data quality. The one size fits all paradigm does not generally work well in this situation. I will describe these and other capabilities of ISO 19157 with examples of how they are being used to describe data quality across the NASA EOS Enterprise and also compare these approaches with other standards.

data quality↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Enabling Simulation Interoperability between International Standards in the Space Domain

Today, the design and development of space systems are conducted cooperatively by historical space agencies in this area such as NASA, ESA, Roscosmos, and JAXA together with their industrial partners. The space system lifecycle is characterized by high costs, uncertain conditions, and dangerous scenarios. To mitigate these issues, space agencies rely heavily on Modelling and Simulation as a key technology to support the analysis, design, and operation of space systems. To support large-scale distributed simulations, the scientific community has developed several standards to support the reuse and interoperability of simulation models such as IEEE 1516 High-Level Architecture (HLA), Real-time Platform Reference Federation Object Model (RPR FOM), Simulation Model Portability (SMP), and the novel Space Reference Federation Object Model (SpaceFOM). While the SpaceFOM standard has been specifically conceptualized for handling space systems, the other ones are more general-purpose and can be used to design and simulate generic complex systems. As a consequence, there is a lake of rules and guidelines to enable interoperability among these standards. The paper presents solutions and experiences for enabling interoperability and transferability of HLA, RPR FOM, and SMP simulation models with SpaceFOM.

Simulation↗

NASA NTRS2022

Preliminary Analysis of Separation Standards for Urban Air Mobility using Unmitigated Fast-Time Simulation

This research provides a preliminary analysis of various separation standards for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) operations. This study focuses on understanding and analyzing potential conflicts between UAM flights and conflicts between UAM and conventional aircraft. Fast-time simulations are conducted with a projected high-density of UAM traffic scenario and historical conventional non-UAM traffic flying under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) or Visual Flight Rules (VFR) in Dallas Fort Worth (DFW) airspace. The conflicts are analyzed by examining losses of separation and near mid-air collisions of UAM flights and unmitigated risk of collision. A set of varied separation standards are used to investigate the impact of the new UAM operations on safety. The preliminary conflict analysis results will help inform separation standards development and in airspace and route design activities for future UAM operations.

Urban air mobility↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Preliminary Analysis of Separation Standards for Urban Air Mobility using Unmitigated Fast-Time Simulation

Urban Air Mobility↗

NASA NTRS2022

Guidebook for the Design and Analysis of a NASA Standard Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Probability of Detection (POD) Study

Purpose: This document provides guidance on the design and analysis of a NASA Standard nondestructive evaluation (NDE) probability of detection (POD) study. A Standard NDE flaw size is considered to be conservative such that most inspectors, trained and certified in the specific NDE method, are expected to provide at least 90/95 POD for that flaw size to inspect fracture-critical hardware. Scope: This document is specifically applicable to NASA Technical Standards that establish the NDE requirements for any NASA system or component, flight or ground, where fracture control and a quantitative demonstration of POD is a requirement, including NASA-STD-5009B, Nondestructive Evaluation Requirements for Fracture-Critical Metallic Components, and NASA-STD-5019A,Fracture Control Requirements for Spaceflight Hardware.

Probability of Detection↗

DOE OSTI2022

Cybersecurity Certification Standard for Distributed Energy and Inverter Based Resources

NREL and UL co-presented on their joint effort to develop a cybersecurity certification standard for distributed energy resources (DERs) at a meeting of the Cybersecurity Advisory Team for State Solar (CATSS). The advisory team is hosted by NASEO & NARUC. The presentation outlined the benefits of a cybersecurity certification standard, the outcomes of previous initiatives, how this effort reflects the evolving electric grid, and the role of state energy offices. UL explained their role as a trusted third party with expertise to lead this effort and the process from Outline of Investigation (OOI) to a certification standard.

BPS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Offshore Wind Workforce Safety Standards and Training Resource

The standardization of safety training requirements for people working at sea to build and operate offshore wind energy projects, adoption of those standards, and alignment with offshore safety training curriculum development was identified as a high-priority workforce gap in the U.S. Offshore Wind Workforce Assessment (Stefek, 2022). Safety is a top priority for the offshore wind industry; however, there has been uncertainty surrounding what unique safety standards and training will be needed and how various offshore wind safety stakeholders will be involved. The scope of safety training for this resource includes workers who build and operate offshore wind energy projects at sea and defines the stakeholders in the complex ecosystem. This fact sheet aims to help reduce these uncertainties by: 1) Delineating jurisdictional lines, while clarifying roles and responsibilities amongst stakeholders; 2) Identifying key actions or partnerships that can encourage further success with safety training and workforce development.

offshore wind↗

DOE OSTI2024

Creating a Universal PV Plug and Socket Standard

Photovoltaic connectors are designed to be quick and easy to install. Current connector qualification standards, such as UL 6703 and IEC 62852, are only intended to evaluate connectors from the same manufacturer and were recently changed to explicitly proscribe the mating of connectors from different manufacturers. Unfortunately, the industry has chosen to design connectors that will commonly connect together with those from other manufacturers. This is done to simplify installation avoiding the situations such as when the connectors on a microinverter, or other module level power electronics, do not match the connectors on the modules in the system. This rampant violation of electrical codes worldwide indicates that there is a strong desire and need to develop a universal connector standard. Here we present the initial approach and philosophy behind the formation of an IEC subgroup under TC82 WG2 looking at this problem. We intend to develop a standard where the materials and geometry of construction are specified to ensure compatibility and the design is intended to be of the highest quality. We expect that this connector will be more costly but especially in rooftop installations where power electronics requires matching components from several manufacturers, that this may still result in a net cost savings. These connectors must be of the highest quality because we wouldn’t want to develop a connector that precluded the manufacturing of a higher quality product, and because these will most commonly be used on rooftop installations where safety is more of a concern. Additionally, because we do not know which brands of connectors will be used together, we cannot simply rely on test results to ensure safety but must create a design that is as inherently safe as possible.

connectors↗

DOE OSTI2024

Reducing Risk With ASHRAE Standard 241

ASHRAE Standard 241’s requirements can make indoor spaces more resilient to the spread of airborne infectious diseases. Buildings that comply with ASHRAE Standard 241-2023, Control of Infectious Aerosols,1 will have the capacity to respond during times of elevated risk with systems that provide the necessary equivalent clean airflow for infection control (VECAi). To reduce risk effectively, these systems need to operate properly. This column explores Standard 241’s requirements for operations and maintenance in high-risk times (infection risk management mode or IRMM) and the importance of creating a Building Readiness Plan.

ashrae standard 241, Operations and Maintenance, b↗

DOE OSTI2025

Domestic and international consensus standards for nuclear criticality safety – overview & status [Abstract]

The domestic and international consensus standards for nuclear criticality safety (NCS) were developed as the lessons-learned from process criticality accidents. These consensus standards were developed to reduce the rate of process criticality accidents in facilities that process, store, handle or transport fissionable materials by hand. After a significant increase in criticality accidents through the mid-1960’s, the rate of criticality accidents decreased due to these standards and the criticality accident rate is extremely low from an industrial safety perspective.

ANS↗

DOE OSTI2023

A redox model for NO oxidation, NH 3 oxidation and high temperature standard SCR over Cu-SSZ-13

A kinetic model is developed to predict the influence of temperature and hydrothermal aging on the redox of active Cu sites under standard SCR, NO oxidation and NH 3 oxidation conditions over a practically relevant fully-formulated Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst. NO 2 /N 2 production during NO/NH 3 titration of Cu II sites is utilized to identify rate parameters associated with NO-only RHC (reduction half cycle) and NH 3 -only RHC respectively. Integral N 2 formation during subsequent NO + NH 3 titration is consistent with the production of one NO 2 per two CuII sites reduced during NO-only RHC and one N 2 per six Cu II sites reduced during NH 3 -only RHC. Decreased reduction of Cu II sites by NO/NH 3 upon hydrothermal aging, along with the production of one NO 2 per two CuII sites during NO-only RHC, is accordant with the involvement of proximal ZCuOH and oxygen-bridged dimeric Cu II sites. Oxidation of partially solvated and framework coordinated ZCu (Cu I ) sites occurs in presence of O 2 , does not produce N 2 and can lead to the consumption of Brønsted acid sites. A global OHC kinetic model is developed to predict transient and integral N 2 formation during exposure of CuI sites to a mixture of NO and O 2 . The resulting redox kinetic model quantitatively predicts NO and NH 3 consumption during isothermal transient response Cu redox (TRCR) protocols, along with temperature and age dependent steady-state standard SCR and oxidation conditions. The redox model presented in this work synthesizes recent kinetic, spectroscopic and computational findings to provide a foundational description of active site redox during standard SCR, NO oxidation and NH3 oxidation over Cu-SSZ-13.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗