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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Simulation of Single-shot Qubit Readout of a 2-Qubit Superconducting System with Noise Analysis
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Synchronous High-frequency Distributed Readout For Edge Processing At The Fermilab Main Injector And Recycler
The Main Injector (MI) was commissioned using data acquisition systems developed for the Fermilab Main Ring in the 1980s. New VME-based instrumentation was commissioned in 2006 for beam loss monitors (BLM)[2], which provided a more systematic study of the machine and improved displays of routine operation. However, current projects are demanding more data and at a faster rate from this aging hardware. One such project, Real-time Edge AI for Distributed Systems (READS), requires the high-frequency, low-latency collection of synchronized BLM readings from around the approximately two-mile accelerator complex. Significant work has been done to develop new hardware to monitor the VME backplane and broadcast BLM measurements over Ethernet, while not disrupting the existing operations critical functions of the BLM system. This paper will detail the design, implementation, and testing of this parallel data pathway.
A Multichannel DSP ASIC for Streaming Readout
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Silicon Photomultiplier readout solutions for organic scintillator assemblies .
Abstract not provided.
Micromagnet PUF readout using a quantum diamond microscope
A physically unclonable function (PUF) and a method of reading it are provided. The PUF is constituted by a microfabricated array of randomly polarized micromagnets disposed on a substrate. The PUF can be read by creating a magnetization map of the PUF from the signal output of a quantum diamond microscope (QDM) and converting the magnetization map to a numerical sequence.
High Quantum Efficiency Scintillators for Dual Readout Calorimetry
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A Cold ASIC for Streaming Readout of Segmented Detectors
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Anomaly Detection in DUNE FD LArTPC Readouts
We designed and built an AI/ML model to detect anomalies in the DUNE far detector data. The model has been trained on simulated radiological background (rbkg) data, which is the major background for supernova burst neutrinos that we want to detect as anomaly in thios work. The trained model was evaluated on both new samples of radiological backgrounds and supernova burst neutrino events in the elastic scattering and charged current interaction channels. We found that the trained model can successfully identify supernova burst neutrino events as anomalies while identifying radiological backgrounds as nominal events.
SU-E-T-592: OSL Response of Al2O3:C Detectors Exposed to Therapeutic Proton Beams
Purpose: To characterize the response of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) detectors (OSLDs) exposed to therapeutic proton beams of differing beam quality. Methods: We prepared Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C OSLDs from the same material as commercially available nanoDot dosimeters (Landauer, Inc). We irradiated the OSLDs in modulated proton beams of varying quality, as defined by the residual range. An absorbed dose to water of 0.2 Gy was delivered to all OSLDs with the residual range values varying from 0.5 to 23.5 cm (average LET in water from ∼0.5 to 2.5 keV/µm). To investigate the beam quality dependence of different emission bands within the OSL spectrum, we performed OSLD readouts using both continuous-wave stimulation (CW-OSL) and pulsed stimulation (P-OSL) with two sets of optical filters (Hoya U-340 and Kopp 5113). For all readout modes, the relative absorbed dose sensitivity ( S{sub rel} ) for each beam quality was calculated using OSLDs irradiated in a 6 MV photon beam as a reference. Results: We found that the relative absorbed dose sensitivity was highly dependent on both readout mode and integration time of the OSL signal. For CW-OSL signals containing only the blue emission band, S{sub rel} was between 0.85 and 0.94 for 1 s readouts and between 0.82 and 0.93 for 10 s readouts. Similarly, for P-OSL readouts containing only the blue emission band S{sub rel} ranged from 0.86 to 0.91, and 0.82 to 0.93 for 1 s and 10 s readouts, respectively. For OSLD signals containing only the UV emission band, S{sub rel} ranged from 1.00 to 1.46, and 0.97 to 1.30 for P-OSL readouts of 1 s and 10 s, respectively. Conclusion: For measurements of absorbed dose using Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C OSLDs in therapeutic proton beams, dependence on beam quality was smallest for readout protocols that selected the blue emission band with small integration times. DA Granville received financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
Performance of CMOS pixel sensor prototypes in ams H35 and aH18 technology for the ATLAS ITk upgrade
Pixel sensors based on commercial high-voltage CMOS processes are an exciting technology that is considered as an option for the outer layer of the ATLAS inner tracker upgrade at the High Luminosity LHC. Here, charged particles are detected using deep n-wells as sensor diodes with the depleted region extending into the silicon bulk. Both analog and digital readout electronics can be added to achieve different levels of integration up to a fully monolithic sensor. Small scale prototypes using the ams CMOS technology have previously demonstrated that it can achieve the required radiation tolerance of 10(15) n(eq)/cm(2) and detection efficiencies above 99.5%. Recently, large area prototypes, comparable in size to a full sensor, have been produced that include most features required towards a final design: the H35demo prototype produced in ams H35 technology that supports both external and integrated readout and the monolithic ATLASPix1 pre-production design produced in ams aH18 technology. Both chips are based on large fill-factor pixel designs, but differ in readout structure. Performance results for H35DEMO with capacitively-coupled external readout and first results for the monolithic ATLASPix1 are shown.
Astronomical Spectroscopy with Skipper CCDs: First Results from a Skipper CCD Focal Plane Prototype at SIFS
We present the first on-sky results from an ultra-low-readout-noise Skipper CCD focal plane prototype for the SOAR Integral Field Spectrograph (SIFS). The Skipper CCD focal plane consists of four 6k $\times$ 1k, 15 $\mu$m pixel, fully-depleted, $p$-channel devices that have been thinned to $\sim$250 $\mu$m, backside processed, and treated with an anti-reflective coating. These Skipper CCDs were configured for astronomical spectroscopy, i.e., a single-sample readout noise $< 4.3$\,e$^-$\,rms/pixel, the ability to achieve multi-sample readout noise $\ll 1\,$e$^-$\,rms/pix, full-well capacities $\sim$40,000--65,000 e$^-$, low dark current and charge transfer inefficiency ($\sim 2$ $\times$ $10^{-4}$ e$^-$/pixel/s and 3.44 $\times$ $10^{-7}$, respectively), and an absolute quantum efficiency of $\gtrsim 80\%$ between 450\,nm and 980\,nm ($\gtrsim 90\%$ between 600\,nm and 900\,nm). We optimize the readout sequence timing to achieve sub-electron noise ($\sim 0.5$\,e$^-$\,rms/pix) and photon-counting ($\sim 0.22$\,e$^-$\,rms/pix) readout noise over an area of 2k $\times$ 4k and 110 $\times$ 4k pixels, respectively in a readout time of $\lesssim 17$min. We observed two Lyman-$\alpha$ emitting quasars (HB89\,1159$+$123 and QSO\,J1621$–$0042) at redshift $z \sim 3.5$, two moderate redshift galaxy clusters (CL\,J1001$+$0220 and SPT-CL\,J2040$-$4451), an emission line galaxy at $z = 0.3239$, a candidate member star of the Bo\"{o}tes~II ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, and five CALSPEC spectrophotometric standard stars (HD074000, HD60753, HD106252, HD101452, HD200654). We present charge-quantized, photon-counting observation of the quasar HB89\,1159$+$123 and show the detector sensitivity increase for faint spectral features. We demonstrate signal-to-noise performance improvement for SIFS for observations in the low-background, readout-noise-dominated regime. We outline preliminary scientific studies that will leverage the SIFS-Skipper CCD data to derive new cosmological measurements in the context of dark matter and galaxy evolution.
Astronomical Spectroscopy with Skipper CCDs: First Results from a Skipper CCD Focal Plane Prototype at SIFS
We present the first on-sky results from an ultra-low-readout-noise Skipper CCD focal plane prototype for the SOAR Integral Field Spectrograph (SIFS). The Skipper CCD focal plane consists of four 6k x 1k, 15 $\mu$m pixel, fully-depleted, p-channel devices that have been thinned to ~250 $\mu$m, backside processed, and treated with an anti-reflective coating. These Skipper CCDs were configured for astronomical spectroscopy, i.e., single-sample readout noise < 4.3 e- rms/pixel, the ability to achieve multi-sample readout noise $\ll$ 1 e- rms/pixel, full-well capacities ~40,000-65,000 e-, low dark current and charge transfer inefficiency (~2 x 10$^{-4}$ e-/pixel/s and 3.44 x 10$^{-7}$, respectively), and an absolute quantum efficiency of $\gtrsim$ 80% between 450 nm and 980 nm ($\gtrsim$ 90% between 600 nm and 900 nm). We optimized the readout sequence timing to achieve sub-electron noise (~0.5 e- rms/pixel) in a region of 2k x 4k pixels and photon-counting noise (~0.22 e- rms/pixel) in a region of 220 x 4k pixels, each with a readout time of $\lesssim$ 17 min. We observed two quasars (HB89 1159+123 and QSO J1621-0042) at redshift z ~ 3.5, two high-redshift galaxy clusters (CL J1001+0220 and SPT-CL J2040-4451), an emission line galaxy at z = 0.3239, a candidate member star of the Bo\"{o}tes II ultra-faint dwarf galaxy, and five CALSPEC spectrophotometric standard stars (HD074000, HD60753, HD106252, HD101452, HD200654). We present charge-quantized, photon-counting observations of the quasar HB89 1159+123 and show the detector sensitivity increase for faint spectral features. We demonstrate signal-to-noise performance improvements for SIFS observations in the low-background, readout-noise-dominated regime. We outline scientific studies that will leverage the SIFS-Skipper CCD data and new detector architectures that utilize the Skipper floating gate amplifier with faster readout times.
WE-AB-207A-03: A CBCT Head Scanner for Point-Of-Care Imaging of Intracranial Hemorrhage
Purpose: This work reports the design, development, and first technical assessment of a cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanner developed specifically for imaging of acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) at the point of care, with target applications in diagnosis and monitoring of traumatic brain injury, stroke, and postsurgical hemorrhage. Methods: System design employed a task-based image quality model to quantify the influence of factors such as additive noise and high-gain (HG) detector readout on ICH detectability. Three bowtie filters with varying bare-beam attenuation strength and curvature were designed to enable HG readout without detector saturation, and a polyenergetic gain correction was developed to minimize artifacts from bowtie flood-field calibration. Image reconstruction used an iterative penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) method with artifact correction including Monte Carlo scatter estimation, Joseph-Spital beam hardening correction, and spatiotemporal deconvolution of detector glare and lag. Radiation dose was characterized for half-scan and full-scan protocols at various kV, and imaging performance was assessed in a head phantom presenting simulated ICH with diameter ranging 2–12 mm. Results: The image quality model guided system design and was validated by measurements on a CBCT imaging bench. Compared to low-gain readout without a bowtie filter, the combination of HG readout and a modest bowtie improved the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR per unit square-root dose) by 20% in the center of the image but degraded noise performance near the periphery (20% reduction in CNR). Low-frequency bowtie artifacts (∼100 HU magnitude) were corrected by the polyenergetic gain correction. Image reconstructions on the prototype scanner demonstrate clear visibility of the smallest ICH insert (2 mm diameter) in both HG readout (with a bowtie) and dual-gain readout (without bowtie). Conclusion: Technical assessment of the prototype scanner suggests the capability for reliable visualization of small (2 mm), low-contrast (50 HU) ICH at <20 mGy dose and motivates translation to clinical studies, now underway. Xiaohui Wang and David Foos (co-authors) are employees of Carestream Health. Research funding support from Carestream Health.
Fast Single-Quantum Measurement with a Multi-Amplifier Sensing Charge-Coupled Device
A novel readout architecture that uses multiple non-destructive floating-gate amplifiers to achieve sub-electron readout noise in a thick, fully-depleted silicon detector is presented. This Multi-Amplifier Sensing Charge-Coupled Device (MAS-CCD) can perform multiple independent charge measurements with each amplifier; measurements with multiple amplifiers can then be combined to further reduce the readout noise. The readout speed of this detector scales roughly linearly with the number of amplifiers without requiring segmentation of the active area. The performance of this detector is demonstrated, emphasizing the ability to resolve individual quanta and the ability to combine measurements across amplifiers to reduce readout noise. The unprecedented low noise and fast readout of the MAS-CCD make it a unique technology for astronomical observations, quantum imaging, and low-energy interacting particles.