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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Therapeutic Intervention Using a Smad7-Based Tat Protein to Treat Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis

Recent studies reported therapeutic effects of Smad7 on oral mucositis in mice without compromising radiation therapy–induced cancer cell killing in neighboring oral cancer. This study aims to assess whether a Smad7-based biologic can treat oral mucositis in a clinically relevant setting by establishing an oral mucositis model in dogs and analyzing molecular targets.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Partial-Brain Radiation-Induced Microvascular Cognitive Impairment in Juvenile Murine Unilateral Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity

Radiation-induced cognitive deficits have a severe negative impact on pediatric brain tumor patients. The severity of cognitive symptoms is related to the age of the child when radiation was applied, with the most severe effects seen in the youngest. Previous studies using whole-brain irradiation in mice confirmed these findings. To understand ipsilateral and contralateral changes in the hippocampus after partial-brain radiation therapy (PBRT) of the left hemisphere, we assessed the neuroplasticity and changes in the microvasculature of the irradiated and nonirradiated hippocampus in juvenile mice.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Radiosensitizing the Vasculature of Primary Brainstem Gliomas Fails to Improve Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) arise in the pons and are the leading cause of death from brain tumors in children. DIPGs are routinely treated with radiation therapy, which temporarily improves neurological symptoms but generally fails to achieve local control. Because numerous clinical trials have not improved survival from DIPG over standard radiation therapy alone, there is a pressing need to evaluate new therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease. Vascular damage caused by radiation therapy can increase the permeability of tumor blood vessels and promote tumor cell death.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy Versus Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in a Prospective Multicenter Cohort of Patients With Breast Cancer

Simple intensity modulation of radiation therapy reduces acute toxicity compared with 2-dimensional techniques in adjuvant breast cancer treatment, but it remains unknown whether more complex or inverse-planned intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) offers an advantage over forward-planned, 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT).

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: Financial Risk and Expenditures in the United States, 2008 to 2017

Rising cancer care expenditures and technological advancement of shorter radiation therapy regimens have drawn significant attention to the use of hypofractionated radiation therapy in clinical care. We examine the costs of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) compared with conventional whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI) in the United States and investigate the influences of patient characteristics and commercial insurance on HF-WBI use.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment and Improves Efficacy of Immunotherapy

The tumor microenvironment (TME) can severely impair immunotherapy efficacy by repressing the immune system. In a multiple myeloma (MM) murine model, we investigated the impact of targeted alpha particle therapy (TAT) on the immune TME. TAT was combined with an adoptive cell transfer of CD8 T cells (ACT), and the mechanisms of action of this combination were assessed at the tumor site.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Acute Phase of the Randomized Hypofractionated Irradiation for Prostate Cancer (HYPRO) Trial

Many patients experience bowel and bladder toxicity during the acute phase of radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Recent literature indicates that hypofractionation (HF) might increase this acute response but little is known on patient-reported outcome during this phase with HF. We evaluated the course of patient-reported acute symptoms during HF versus standard fractionated (SF) radiation therapy within the hypofractionated irradiation for prostate cancer (HYPRO) trial.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Geographic Access to Radiation Therapy Facilities in the United States

The current distribution of radiation therapy (RT) facilities in the United States is not well established. A comprehensive inventory of U.S. RT facilities was last assessed in 2005, based on data from state regulatory agencies and dosimetric quality assurance bodies. We updated this database to characterize population-level measures of geographic access to RT and analyze changes over the past 15 years.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Longitudinal Preclinical Imaging Characterizes Extracellular Drug Accumulation After Radiation Therapy in the Healthy and Leukemic Bone Marrow Vascular Microenvironment

Recent initial findings suggest that radiation therapy improves blood perfusion and cellular chemotherapy uptake in mice with leukemia. However, the ability of radiation therapy to influence drug accumulation in the extracellular bone marrow tissue is unknown, due in part to a lack of methodology. This study developed longitudinal quantitative multiphoton microscopy (L-QMPM) to characterize the bone marrow vasculature (BMV) and drug accumulation in the extracellular bone marrow tissue before and after radiation therapy in mice bearing leukemia.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Results of a Multi-institutional Phase 2 Clinical Trial for 4DCT-ventilation Functional Avoidance Thoracic Radiation Therapy

Radiation pneumonitis remains a major limitation in the radiation therapy treatment of patients with lung cancer. Functional avoidance radiation therapy uses functional imaging to reduce pulmonary toxic effects by designing radiation therapy plans that reduce doses to functional regions of the lung. Lung functional imaging has been developed that uses 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) imaging to calculate 4DCT-based lung ventilation (4DCT-ventilation). A phase 2 multicenter study was initiated to evaluate 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance radiation therapy. The study hypothesis was that functional avoidance radiation therapy could reduce the rate of grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis to 12% compared with a 25% historical rate, with the trial being positive if ≤16.4% of patients experienced grade ≥2 pneumonitis.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗