Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Quarter Two”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 505 records · Page 28

Longitudinal Characteristics of a Semispan Model of the Grumman Airplane Design 83 having a Sweptback Wing and of the Model with a Straight Wing as Determined from Wing-Flow Tests at Transonic Speeds, TED No. NACA DE337

An investigation has been made by the NACA wing-flow method to provide information on the relative longitudinal characteristics of a straight and sweptback wing in the transonic speed range. Tests were made of a semispan model of the Grumman airplane design 83 (XFlOF) incorporating a wing swept back 42.5deg with reference to quarter-chord line and also of the model with the swept wing replaced by a straight wing similar to that of the XF9F airplane. The airfoil sections were symmetrical 64l-series, with thickness ratios of 12 percent for the straight wing and 10 percent for the sweptback wing parallel to the stream direction. Measurements were made of normal force, chord force, and pitching moment at various angles of attack with the two wings both with and without the empennage, and with the fuselage alone. The tests covered a range of effective Mach numbers at the wing of the model from 0.65 to 1.10.

Silsby, Norman S.↗

Topography of the 81/P Wild 2 Nucleus Derived from Stardust Stereoimages

On 2 January, 2004, the Stardust spacecraft flew by the nucleus of comet 81P/Wild 2 with a closest approach distance of approx. 240 km. During the encounter, the Stardust Optical Navigation Camera (ONC) obtained 72 images of the nucleus with exposure times alternating between 10 ms (near-optimal for most of the nucleus surface) and 100 ms (used for navigation, and revealing additional details in the coma and dark portions of the surface. Phase angles varied from 72 deg. to near zero to 103 deg. during the encounter, allowing the entire sunlit portion of the surface to be imaged. As many as 20 of the images near closest approach are of sufficiently high resolution to be used in mapping the nucleus surface; of these, two pairs of short-exposure images were used to create the nucleus shape model and derived products reported here. The best image resolution obtained was approx. 14 m/pixel, resulting in approx. 300 pixels across the nucleus. The Stardust Wild 2 dataset is therefore markedly superior from a stereomapping perspective to the Deep Space 1 MICAS images of comet Borrelly. The key subset of the latter (3 images) covered only about a quarter of the surface at phase angles approx. 50 - 60 and less than 50 x 160 pixels across the nucleus, yet it sufficed for groups at the USGS and DLR to produce digital elevation models (DEMs) and study the morphology and photometry of the nucleus in detail.

Kirk, R. L.↗

Discharge Permit-1845 Quarterly Status Report October 2018

Trichloroethene (TCE) and nitrate have been identified as constituents of concern in groundwater at the Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) Technical Area (TA)-V Groundwater (TAVG) Area of Concern (AOC) based on detections above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) in samples collected from monitoring wells. The EPA MCLs and the State of New Mexico drinking water standards for TCE and nitrate are 5 micrograms per liter and 10 milligrams per liter (as nitrogen), respectively. A phased Treatability Study/Interim Measure (TS/IM) of in-situ bioremediation (ISB) is being implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of ISB as a potential technology to treat the groundwater contamination at the TAVG AOC (New Mexico Environment Department [NMED] April 2016). The NMED Hazardous Waste Bureau (HWB) approved the Revised Treatability Study Work Plan (TSWP) (SNL/NM March 2016) in May 2016 (NMED May 2016). The SNL/NM Environmental Restoration Operations personnel are responsible for implementing the TS/IM of ISB at TAVG AOC in accordance with the Revised TSWP. Per the Revised TSWP, up to three injection wells (TAV-INJ1, TAV-INJ2, and TAV-INJ3) would be installed at TA-V in the vicinity of the highest contaminant concentrations detected in groundwater at monitoring wells LWDS-MW1, TAV-MW6, and TAV-MW10. The injection wells would be used to gravity-inject substrate solution and biodegradation bacteria to groundwater. The substrate solution consists of an inert tracer as well as essential food and nutrients for biostimulation. The substrate solution would be prepared in aboveground tanks. The TS/IM would be conducted in two phases: Phase I includes a pilot test followed by full-scale injection at the first injection well (TAV-INJ1); Phase II includes full-scale injections at the second and third injection wells (TAV-INJ2 and TAV-INJ3). The NMED Ground Water Quality Bureau (GWQB) requires a groundwater Discharge Permit (DP) for the operation of injection wells. NMED GWQB issued the DP-1845 to the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) for the SNL/NM TA-V Treatability Study injection wells on May 26, 2017 (NMED May 2017). The DP-1845 term started on May 30, 2017 and ends on May 30, 2022. Attachment A provides a copy of DP-1845. This quarterly report provides responses to DP-1845 Operating Conditions Terms and Conditions #3 through #8 and Monitoring and Reporting Terms and Conditions #10 through #17 for the April 1 to June 30, 2018 reporting period. The other Terms and Conditions are NMED statements of fact and do not require a response.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Development of a three-dimensional APOLLO3 neutrons deterministic scheme for the CABRI reactor

CABRI is an experimental reactor to study the fuel behavior during reactivity injection transients. These transients being highly multiphysics, the development of suitable modeling and simulation tools to simulate them is important for the optimization of the tests and the control of the experimental conditions. This paper focuses on the development of an APOLLO3 deterministic core calculation tool dedicated to the CABRI transient analysis. It represents the first stage of the incremental process for the implementation of a multiphysics time-dependent modeling of the CABRI transient. The neutron calculation scheme is based on a classical two-step approach. The first step consists of a 281-energy group calculation flux with the TDT-MOC (Method Of Characteristics) solver for cross-section space and energy (23 groups) collapsing for the CABRI different assembly clusters. The bias on a 2D core neutron calculation due to the self-shielding calculation and collapsing on a restricted pattern are investigated thanks to a comparison with a direct full 2D calculation on a quarter of core. The second step relies on a pin-resolved transport 3D transport core calculation with the SN solver MINARET. A progressive numerical validation process is followed to quantify the calculation biases on reactivity and reaction rates at each step using reference calculations with the stochastic code TRIPOLI4. The next development stage toward a multiphysics scheme will be the implementation of the 3D-kinetics equation resolution and the coupling with a core thermal-hydraulics model. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

A Design Methodology for Rapid Implementation of Active Control Systems Across Lean Direct Injection Combustor Platforms

The VACCG team is comprised of engineers at Virginia Tech who specialize in the subject areas of combustion physics, chemical kinetics, dynamics and controls, and signal processing. Currently, the team's work on this NRA research grant is designed to determine key factors that influence combustion control performance through a blend of theoretical and experimental investigations targeting design and demonstration of active control for three different combustors. To validiate the accuracy of conclusions about control effectiveness, a sequence of experimental verifications on increasingly complex lean, direct injection combustors is underway. During the work period January 1, 2002 through October 15, 2002, work has focused on two different laboratory-scale combustors that allow access for a wide variety of measurements. As the grant work proceeds, one key goal will be to obtain certain knowledge about a particular combustor process using a minimum of sophisticated measurements, due to the practical limitations of measurements on full-scale combustors. In the second year, results obtained in the first year will be validated on test combustors to be identified in the first quarter of that year. In the third year, it is proposed to validate the results at more realistic pressure and power levels by utilizing the facilities at the Glenn Research Center.

Baumann, William T.↗

Global Positioning System (GPS) Precipitable Water in Forecasting Lightning at Spaceport Canaveral

Using meteorology data, focusing on precipitable water (PW), obtained during the 2000-2003 thunderstorm seasons in Central Florida, this paper will, one, assess the skill and accuracy measurements of the current Mazany forecasting tool and, two, provide additional forecasting tools that can be used in predicting lightning. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) are located in east Central Florida. KSC and CCAFS process and launch manned (NASA Space Shuttle) and unmanned (NASA and Air Force Expendable Launch Vehicles) space vehicles. One of the biggest cost impacts is unplanned launch scrubs due to inclement weather conditions such as thunderstorms. Each launch delay/scrub costs over a quarter million dollars, and the need to land the Shuttle at another landing site and return to KSC costs approximately $ 1M. Given the amount of time lost and costs incurred, the ability to accurately forecast (predict) when lightning will occur can result in significant cost and time savings. All lightning prediction models were developed using binary logistic regression. Lightning is the dependent variable and is binary. The independent variables are the Precipitable Water (PW) value for a given time of the day, the change in PW up to 12 hours, the electric field mill value, and the K-index value. In comparing the Mazany model results for the 1999 period B against actual observations for the 2000-2003 thunderstorm seasons, differences were found in the False Alarm Rate (FAR), Probability of Detection (POD) and Hit Rate (H). On average, the False Alarm Rate (FAR) increased by 58%, the Probability of Detection (POD) decreased by 31% and the Hit Rate decreased by 20%. In comparing the performance of the 6 hour forecast period to the performance of the 1.5 hour forecast period for the Mazany model, the FAR was lower by 15% and the Hit Rate was higher by 7%. However, the POD for the 6 hour forecast period was lower by 16% as compared to the POD of the 1.5 hour forecast period. Neither forecast period performed at the accuracy measures expected. A 2-Hr Forecasting Tool was developed to support a Phase I Lightning Advisory, which requires a 30-minute lead time for predicting lightning.

Kehrer, Kristen↗

Precision Arrival Scheduling for Tactical Reconfiguration

This research adapts the concept of precision arrival scheduling to accommodate reconfiguration operations between two sets of fixed arrival routes modeled for Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD). Integrated fixed path routing from en-route to runways was modeled for ORD's top two peak traffic configurations, as well as transition routing between the two configurations. A first-come-first-served multi-point scheduler was adapted to the reconfiguration problem by prioritizing the rescheduling of aircraft within the terminal airspace at the time of reconfiguration notification. Arrival rescheduling was then tested for a range of arrival rates and reconfiguration notification lead-times in fasttime simulation. Reconfigurations with lead-times as short as 10 minutes at a nominal static configuration arrival rate (~25 arrivals per quarter hour) could be accommodated with little impact to throughput. However, as lead-time shortened below 25 minutes, individual aircraft efficiency quickly degraded due to extra flight time at lower altitude and speed. In general, first-come-first-served arrival scheduling on fixed routing for this sample reconfiguration problem is promising if at least 10-15 minutes lead-time is given before the reconfiguration is in effect.

airport reconfiguration↗

Part 121 Taxi/Parked Ground Conflict Related Incidents

This presentation reviews voluntary safety reports received by NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System pertaining to Part 121 Taxi/Parked Ground Conflicts. Ground Conflict, Critical • Two or more aircraft (one may be airborne) in conflict, or an aircraft in conflict with a vehicle/person/object in which the reporter or other involved party took evasive action to avoid a collision, or a collision that almost occurred in cases where evasive action was not taken or possible. The evasive action can include an emergency go-around, veering on a taxiway/runway, rejected takeoff/abort, emergency braking, or an aircraft overflying another aircraft 50 feet or less.  Ground Conflict, Less Severe • Two or more aircraft (one may be airborne) in conflict, or an aircraft in conflict with a vehicle/person/object in which the reporter or other involved party may, or may not have taken precautionary avoidance action, and in which a collision hazard was not imminent.  Ground Event / Encounter – Aircraft • Actual physical contact with another aircraft when aircraft is on the ground. All Aircraft Involved in Incidents Conflicting Aircraft by Weight Classification Flight Conditions and Time (Quarter of Day) Contributing Factors and Human Factors (Event)

taxi↗

Effect of overlapping laser beams and density scale length in laser-plasma instability experiments on OMEGA EP

Experiments have been conducted on the OMEGA EP laser facility to study the effect of density scale length and overlapping beam geometry on laser-plasma instabilities near and below the quarter-critical density. Experiments were conducted in both planar geometry (density scale length L n ~ 190 to 300 μm) and spherical geometry (L n ~ 150 μm) with up to four overlapping beams and were designed to have overlapped intensities and density scale lengths comparable to OMEGA spherical experiments, but with many fewer beams. In comparison with previous experiments on OMEGA and National Ignition Facility, it is confirmed that shorter density scale lengths favor the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability, while longer density scale lengths favor stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). In addition, for experiments at the same scale length and overlapped laser intensity, higher single-beam intensities favor SRS, while a larger number of overlapping beams favor TPD.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Helping the climate by replacing liquefied natural gas with liquefied hydrogen or ammonia?

The war in Ukraine caused Europe to more than double its imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in only one year. In addition, imported LNG remains a crucial source of energy for resource-poor countries, such as Japan, where LNG imports satisfy about a quarter of the country's primary energy demand. However, an increasing number of countries are formulating stringent decarbonization plans. Liquefied hydrogen and liquefied ammonia coupled with carbon capture and storage (LH 2 -CCS, LNH 3 -CCS) are emerging as the front runners in the search for low-carbon alternatives to LNG. Yet, little is currently known about the full environmental profile of LH 2 -CCS and LNH 3 -CCS because several characteristics of the two alternatives have only been analyzed in isolation in previous work. Here we show that the potential of these fuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the supply chain is highly uncertain. Our best estimate is that LH 2 -CCS and LNH 3 -CCS can reduce GHG emissions by 25%–61% relative to LNG assuming a 100 year global warming potential. However, directly coupling LNG with CCS would lead to substantial GHG reductions on the order of 74%. Further, under certain conditions, emissions from LH 2 -CCS and LNH 3 -CCS could exceed those of LNG, by up to 44%. These results question the suitability of LH 2 -CCS and LNH 3 -CCS for stringent decarbonization purposes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Greenbuilt Construction Energy Efficiency Retrofit House Demonstration - Sacramento

One of the homes that was part of Sacramento Municipal Utility District's (SMUD) Energy Efficiency Retrofit Demonstration (EERD) project was a 1980's era home in Fair Oaks, California, referred to as the Greenbuilt house, as Greenbuilt Construction completed the retrofit of the home. The home underwent an extensive energy efficiency retrofit with a goal of achieving a 50% reduction in energy use to demonstrate the potential for other builders and homeowners in the area. The retrofit measures included installing: ENERGY STAR appliances high efficiency light roof radiant barrier additional ceiling and wall insulation double-pane, low-e windows external motorized shading and solar tubes a 16 SEER/9.75 HSPF heat pump improved ducts a whole-house fan a heat pump water heater (HPWH) integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICS SWH) and 3.2 kW of PV. In addition, the home was air sealed to reduce infiltration. Researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) performed short-term tests on the major systems installed as part of the retrofit to ensure that they were performing as expected. The systems evaluated included the space conditioning heat pump, the air handler and ducts, the HPWH, the ICS SWH, and the PV array. Some ducts were untwisted after testing revealed that two rooms were not getting sufficient airflow. Afterwards, all systems were performing as expected. In addition to testing to confirm adequate performance of all new systems, NREL was given the opportunity to use the Greenbuilt house as a laboratory house for a year. The space conditioning system and home water systems were subjected to a series of tests to determine optimal control strategies for lowering energy consumption and reducing peak (4:00-7:00 p.m.) energy consumption during the summer. The different cooling strategies considered included two different precooling schedules, drawing the external shades during the day and using the whole-house fan at night, and combinations of those. The most effective strategy for reducing overall energy consumption was the use of external shades, which cut the daily cooling load by 34% and reduced the energy use during peak hours by 40%. The different precooling strategies eliminated the peak load entirely but actually increased daily cooling energy use. The use of shades and the advanced precooling strategy increased the daily energy use by 5% but eliminated all peak use and maintained a comfortable home. These results were verified over the entire summer using an Energy Plus model of the home. The hot water system was tested in two configurations: the HPWH alone and the ICS solar water heater paired with the HPWH. Six hot water draw profiles, varying in terms of daily hot water volume, time of day for hot water use, and the duration of the draws, were imposed on the hot water system to test their effects on performance. When operating alone in the summer, the HPWH operated with a COP around 2.2, except for a draw that used a quarter of the averaged daily hot water usage, which had an average COP of 1.6. The combination of ICS and HPWH resulted in larger COPs, but also more variability depending on the draw profile. The standard, hourly draw profile produced the highest COP of 6.4. The quarter volume draw profile had the lowest COP of 2.8 for the combined system. Relative to a standard electric water heater, the HPWH operating alone reduced the peak load by 56% and the combined ICS and HPWH system completely eliminated the peak load.

air sealing↗

GPS Attitude Determination Using Deployable-Mounted Antennas

The primary objective of this investigation is to develop a method to solve for spacecraft attitude in the presence of potential incomplete antenna deployment. Most research on the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in attitude determination has assumed that the antenna baselines are known to less than 5 centimeters, or one quarter of the GPS signal wavelength. However, if the GPS antennas are mounted on a deployable fixture such as a solar panel, the actual antenna positions will not necessarily be within 5 cm of nominal. Incomplete antenna deployment could cause the baselines to be grossly in error, perhaps by as much as a meter. Overcoming this large uncertainty in order to accurately determine attitude is the focus of this study. To this end, a two-step solution method is proposed. The first step uses a least-squares estimate of the baselines to geometrically calculate the deployment angle errors of the solar panels. For the spacecraft under investigation, the first step determines the baselines to 3-4 cm with 4-8 minutes of data. A Kalman filter is then used to complete the attitude determination process, resulting in typical attitude errors of 0.50.

Osborne, Michael L.↗

Bulb Miser

The Bulb-Miser was developed during NASA's Apollo program to protect the Saturn launch vehicle from electrical current surge. It is now being produced for the commercial market by Bulb-Miser, Inc., Houston, Texas. Technically known as a "temperature compensating thermistor," the Bulb-Miser is a simple, inexpensive device which looks like a washer about the size of a quarter. It is slipped between bulb and socket and can be used with any incandescent bulb that screws into a standard socket. In addition to delaying burnout, the Bulb-Miser also offers some reduction of electrical energy. But the economy of the device goes beyond energy use or bulb cost; to big users of bulbs, it makes possible substantially lower maintenance labor costs. One field test involving an apartment complex showed that it took two men 30 man hours monthly to replace light bulbs; after Bulb-Miser installation only nine man hours a month were needed. Bulb-Misers are used not only in private homes but also by hospitals, schools, hotels and motels, restaurants, banks and firms providing contract maintenance for large outdoor electric signs. The broadest use is in industrial facilities; the list of big companies which have purchased the Bulb-Miser reads like a Who's Who of American industry.

Source record↗

RF Reference Switch for Spaceflight Radiometer Calibration

The goal of this technology is to provide improved calibration and measurement sensitivity to the Soil Moisture Active Passive Mission (SMAP) radiometer. While RF switches have been used in the past to calibrate microwave radiometers, the switch used on SMAP employs several techniques uniquely tailored to the instrument requirements and passive remote-sensing in general to improve radiometer performance. Measurement error and sensitivity are improved by employing techniques to reduce thermal gradients within the device, reduce insertion loss during antenna observations, increase insertion loss temporal stability, and increase rejection of radar and RFI (radio-frequency interference) signals during calibration. The two legs of the single-pole double-throw reference switch employ three PIN diodes per leg in a parallel-shunt configuration to minimize insertion loss and increase stability while exceeding rejection requirements at 1,413 MHz. The high-speed packaged diodes are selected to minimize junction capacitance and resistance while ensuring the parallel devices have very similar I-V curves. Switch rejection is improved by adding high-impedance quarter-wave tapers before and after the diodes, along with replacing the ground via of one diode per leg with an open circuit stub. Errors due to thermal gradients in the switch are reduced by embedding the 50-ohm reference load within the switch, along with using a 0.25-in. (approximately equal to 0.6-cm) aluminum prebacked substrate. Previous spaceflight microwave radiometers did not embed the reference load and thermocouple directly within the calibration switch. In doing so, the SMAP switch reduces error caused by thermal gradients between the load and switch. Thermal issues are further reduced by moving the custom, highspeed regulated driver circuit to a physically separate PWB (printed wiring board). Regarding RF performance, previous spaceflight reference switches have not employed high-impedance tapers to improve rejection. The use of open-circuit stubs instead of a via to provide an improved RF short is unique to this design. The stubs are easily tunable to provide high rejection at specific frequencies while maintaining very low insertion loss in-band.

Knuble, Joseph↗

Advances of the FRIB project

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) Project has entered the phase of beam commissioning starting from the room-temperature front end and the superconducting linac segment of first 15 cryomodules. With the newly commissioned helium refrigeration system supplying 4.5K liquid helium to the quarter-wave resonators and solenoids, the FRIB accelerator team achieved the sectional key performance parameters as designed ahead of schedule accelerating heavy ion beams above 20MeV/u energy. Thus, FRIB accelerator becomes world’s highest-energy heavy ion linear accelerator. We also validated machine protection and personnel protection systems that will be crucial to the next phase of commissioning. FRIB is on track towards a national user facility at the power frontier with a beam power two orders of magnitude higher than operating heavy ion facilities. Here, this paper summarizes the status of accelerator design, technology development, construction, commissioning as well as path to operations and upgrades.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Static thrust-vectoring performance of nonaxisymmetric convergent-divergent nozzles with post-exit yaw vanes

A static (wind-off) test was conducted in the Static Test Facility of the 16-ft transonic tunnel to determine the performance and turning effectiveness of post-exit yaw vanes installed on two-dimensional convergent-divergent nozzles. One nozzle design that was previously tested was used as a baseline, simulating dry power and afterburning power nozzles at both 0 and 20 degree pitch vectoring conditions. Vanes were installed on these four nozzle configurations to study the effects of vane deflection angle, longitudinal and lateral location, size, and camber. All vanes were hinged at the nozzle sidewall exit, and in addition, some were also hinged at the vane quarter chord (double-hinged). The vane concepts tested generally produced yaw thrust vectoring angles much less than the geometric vane angles, for (up to 8 percent) resultant thrust losses. When the nozzles were pitch vectored, yawing effectiveness decreased as the vanes were moved downstream. Thrust penalties and yawing effectiveness both decreased rapidly as the vanes were moved outboard (laterally). Vane length and height changes increased yawing effectiveness and thrust ratio losses, while using vane camber, and double-hinged vanes increased resultant yaw angles by 50 to 100 percent.

Foley, Robert J.↗

SMOKE: Characterization of Smoke Particulate for Spacecraft Fire Detection

'Smoke' is a flight definition investigation whose purpose is to characterize the smoke particulate from microgravity smoke sources to enable improved design of future space-craft smoke detectors. In the earliest missions (Mercury, Gemini and Apollo), the crew quarters were so cramped that it was considered reasonable that the astronauts would rapidly detect any fire. The Skylab module, however, included approximately 30 UV-sensing fire detectors. The Space Shuttle Orbiter has nine particle-ionization smoke detectors in the mid-deck and flight deck. The detectors for the US segments of the International Space Station (ISS) are laser-diode, forward-scattering, smoke detectors. Current plans for the ISS call for two detectors in the open area of the module, and detectors in racks that have cooling air-flow. Due to the complete absence of microgravity data, all three of these detector systems were designed based upon 1-g test data and experience. As planned mission durations and complexity increase and the volume of spacecraft increases, the need for and importance of effective, crew-independent, fire detection will grow significantly, necessitating more research into microgravity fire phenomena. In 1997 the Comparative Soot Diagnostics Experiment (CSD) flew in the Orbiter Middeck as a Glovebox payload. The CSD experiment was designed to produce small quantities of smoke from several sources to obtain particulate samples and to determine the response of the ISS and Orbiter smoke detectors to these sources. Marked differences in the performance of the detectors compared to their behavior in 1-g were observed. In extreme cases, the detector used in the orbiter was completely blind to easily visible smoke from sources that were readily detected in 1-g. It is hypothesized but as yet unverified that this performance difference was due to enhanced growth of liquid smoke droplets in low-g. These CSD results clearly demonstrate that spacecraft smoke detector design cannot be based on 1-g experience.

Urban, D. L.↗

Wilbur and Orville Wright: A Reissue of a Chronology Commemorating the Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of Orville Wright, August 19, 1871

During the year 2003, hundreds of events will mark the one-hundredth anniversary of the Wright brothers historic first flights at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The centennial year will witness exhibitions, lectures, television documentaries, films, air shows, flight recreations of Wright aircraft, the issuing of postage stamps and medals, the publication of dozens of new books and articles, and numerous other commemorative activities. One of these events, although not likely to make the evening news, is among the most important of all in terms of a lasting contribution to the observance of this ultimate aviation milestone: the reprinting of Arthur G. Renstrom WIlbur & Orville Wrght: A Chronology Commemorating the Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of Orville Wright, August 19, 1871. Since its appearance in 1975, Wilbur end Orville Wright: A Chronology has become indispensable to students and authors concerned with the life and work of the famous brothers. No doubt every book on the subject published in the last quarter century, including three of my own, was written with this treasure close at hand. This volume is far more than a simple compilation of dates and facts. Renstrom was a master reference librarian and bibliographer with a passion for aviation and the Wright brothers. He brought his considerable research skills to bear on the topic, and the result is a richly detailed, ever-informative, often entertaining walk through the lives and achievements of these two extraordinary individuals. Renstrom was not content to offer a date with a one-line tidbit. His entries are brimming with information. This is a highly readable reference work that, believe it or not, can be enjoyably read from cover to cover. The project was clearly a labor of love by a talented professional. During most of the last twenty years, I have been privileged to be the curator of the 1903 Wright Flyer at the Smithsonian Institution s National Air and Space Museum. The position brings a steady stream of inquiries about the Wright airplane and the endlessly fascinating brothers who created it. I do not know how I would have done this job without Renstrom s superb volume on my bookshelf. It is the first place I go to check anything on the Wright brothers, and I typically find what I am looking for in its pages. Arthur Renstrom also published two other classic reference works on the Wright brothers: Wilbur & Orville Wright: A Bibliography Commemorating the Hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of Wilbur Wright, April 16, 1867, in 1968 (an updated revision was published by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 2002) and Wilbur & Orville Wright, Pictorial Materials: A Documentary Guide in 1982, completing a series of research tools for which there are few peers on any subject. He was also part of the team that produced the landmark two-volume compilation of the Wrights letters, notebooks, and diaries in 1953, The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, edited by Marvin W. McFarland. Renstrom s contribution to the documentation and preservation of the Wright story is a lasting legacy that will serve researchers, students, and general enthusiasts for generations to come. In this busy, high-profile anniversary year, the reprinting of a nearly thirty-year-old reference book may seem a mundane and quiet contribution to the celebration surrounding the Wright brothers world-changing achievement, but it is perhaps one of the most important. The U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission and NASA are to be commended for their foresight.

Renstrom, Arthur George↗