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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Toroid Signal Processing Container with Redis Integration

This report presents the research, design, and implementation of a Toroid Signal Processing Container with Redis Integration, conducted during my internship assignment. The project focused on developing a modular signal processing sys- tem capable of performing baseline correction, droop compensation, and real- time data communication for beam diagnostic signals. Using Redis as a message broker and configuration manager, the system ensures modularity, scalability, and efficient inter-process communication. Signal correction algorithms, such as Asymmetric Least Squares (ALS) baseline smoothing and a numerical droop correction approach, were implemented and tested using Linac beam data. The results confirm that this system improves signal fidelity and supports real-time analysis requirements, offering valuable contributions to the field of beam instrumentation and data acquisition systems.

Bowers, Elliot [Cabrillo Coll.]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Toroid Signal Processing Container with Redis Integration

This report presents the research, design, and implementation of a Toroid Signal Processing Container with Redis Integration, conducted during my internship assignment. The project focused on developing a modular signal processing sys- tem capable of performing baseline correction, droop compensation, and real- time data communication for beam diagnostic signals. Using Redis as a message broker and configuration manager, the system ensures modularity, scalability, and efficient inter-process communication. Signal correction algorithms, such as Asymmetric Least Squares (ALS) baseline smoothing and a numerical droop correction approach, were implemented and tested using Linac beam data. The results confirm that this system improves signal fidelity and supports real-time analysis requirements, offering valuable contributions to the field of beam in- strumentation and data acquisition systems.

Bowers, Elliot [Cabrillo Coll.; Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2020

An integrated methane dehydroaromatization and chemical looping process

Most of the natural gas co-produced in oil wells is flared due to the high transportation costs of bringing it to market. Onsite upgrading of natural gas to liquid products could address this issue but there are few processes for effective direct conversion of natural gas to liquid products. Methane dehydroaromatization (DHA) over Mo/HZSM- 5 offers a potential route to a value-added liquid product, however, DHA conversion is severely limited by thermodynamics at most industrially relevant temperatures. Here we propose an integrated process coupling methane DHA, chemical looping for selective hydrogen oxidation, and subsequent water removal to achieve higher yields of aromatic products limited by the thermodynamics in one-pass systems. Here, we validate this process via the construction and operation of a one-of-a-kind multibed recirculating reactor, and achieve a combined aromatics yield of 42%. Detailed technoeconomic analysis of the process for mobile applications show that such a process could be economically viable under certain circumstances.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2023

MSR Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection White Paper

This document represents the status of Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection (PR&PP) characteristics for the Molten Salt Reactor designs selected by the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) provisional System Steering Committee (pSSC) as representatives of three broad classes of MSRs. The three classes of MSRs are: (1) Liquid-fueled with integrated salt processing, (2) Liquid-fueled without integrated salt processing, (3) Solid-fueled with salt coolant. The intent is to generate preliminary information about the PR&PP merits of the MSR Reactor Technology and to provide insights for optimizing their PR&PP performance for the benefit of MSR system designers. It updates the MSR analysis published in the 2011 report “Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection of the Six Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems”, prepared Jointly by the Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection Working Group (PRPPWG) and the System Steering Committees of the Generation IV International Forum, taking into account the evolution of both the systems and the GIF R&D activities since its publication. The document, prepared jointly by the GIF PRPPWG and the GIF MSR pSSC, follows the high-level paradigm of the GIF Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection Evaluation Methodology to investigate the Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection features of the GIF MSR representative designs. For PR, the document analyses and discusses the proliferation resistance aspects in terms of robustness against State-based threats associated with diversion of materials, misuse of facilities, breakout scenarios, and production in clandestine facilities. Similarly, for physical protection, the document discusses the robustness against theft of material and sabotage by non-State actors.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2001

The Integration of COTS/GOTS within NASA's HST Command and Control System

NASA's mission critical Hubble Space Telescope (HST) command and control system has been re-engineered with COTS/GOTS and minimal custom code. This paper focuses on the design of this new HST Control Center System (CCS) and the lessons learned throughout its development. CCS currently utilizes 31 COTS/GOTS products with an additional 12 million lines of custom glueware code; the new CCS exceeds the capabilities of the original system while significantly reducing the lines of custom code by more than 50%. The lifecycle of COTS/GOTS products will be examined including the pack-age selection process, evaluation process, and integration process. The advantages, disadvantages, issues, concerns, and lessons teamed for integrating COTS/GOTS into the NASA's mission critical HST CCS will be examined in detail. Command and control systems designed with traditional custom code development efforts will be compared with command and control systems designed with new development techniques relying heavily on COTS/COTS integration. This paper will reveal the many hidden costs of COTS/GOTS solutions when compared to traditional custom code development efforts; this paper will show the high cost of COTS/GOTS solutions including training expenses, consulting fees, and long-term maintenance expenses.

Pfarr, Thomas↗
NASA NTRS2001

The Integration of COTS/GOTS within NASA's HST Command and Control System

NASA's mission critical Hubble Space Telescope (HST) command and control system has been re-engineered with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS/GOTS) and minimal custom code. This paper focuses on the design of this new HST Control Center System (CCS) and the lessons learned throughout its development. CCS currently utilizes more than 30 COTS/GOTS products with an additional 1/2 million lines of custom glueware code; the new CCS exceeds the capabilities of the original system while significantly reducing the lines of custom code by more than 50%. The lifecycle of COTS/GOTS products will be examined including the package selection process, evaluation process, and integration process. The advantages, disadvantages, issues, concerns, and lessons learned for integrating COTS/GOTS into the NASA's mission critical HST CCS will be examined in detail. This paper will reveal the many hidden costs of COTS/GOTS solutions when compared to traditional custom code development efforts; this paper will show the high cost of COTS/GOTS solutions including training expenses, consulting fees, and long-term maintenance expenses.

Pfarr, Thomas↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Implementation of Human Systems Integration Technical and Management Process for the Lunar Gateway Program

NASA recognizes Human Systems Integration (HSI) as part of the overall systems engineering and acquisition strategy for space systems. The Lunar Gateway Program is implementing HSI technical and management process across the lifecycle of the mission, as required by NPR 7123.1C NASA Systems Engineering Processes and Requirements, and led by the Gateway HSI team as required by NPR 8705.2C Human-Rating Requirements for Space Systems, now HEOMD-003 Crewed Deep Space Systems Human Rating Certification Requirements and Standards for NASA Missions. NASA has been using HSI principles for many years and has applied them to many of its previous human spaceflight Programs. As NASA returns to the Moon in a more sustainable manner, the Gateway Program is maturing the application of HSI by implementing it more visibly as part of Artemis, with guidance from the NASA/SP-20210010952 NASA HSI Handbook. This paper discusses how HSI is being implemented in the Gateway Program, challenges faced with its implementation during the development phase, and strategies/approaches used to overcome those. The paper also covers HSI implementation for flight systems, vehicle processing, and interfaces across the six identified NASA HSI Domains: human factors engineering, operations, safety, training, maintainability and supportability, habitability and environment. The goal is to provide an overview of the implementation process of HSI in the Gateway Program as an example for other Programs/Projects/Missionsthat are looking to implement HSI.

Jackelynne Silva-Martinez↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sulfonamide and Sulfonamido-phenol Ligands for Extraction of f-Elements from Alkaline High-Level Waste

Alkaline High Level Waste (HLW) has been accumulated at Hanford and Savannah River Sites as a result of reprocessing for nuclear weapons production during the cold war. A large volume (∼100 MGal) has been accumulated in carbon steel tanks at Savannah River (SRS) and Hanford. The tank waste contains three separate phases generated when NaOH was added to previously acidic Purex raffinates: 1-2 Supernatant liquid, salt-cake, and sludge. The sludge consists mainly of insoluble hydroxides of transition metals while the supernate and salt-cake contain caustic-soluble materials, including salts of highly radioactive fission products Cs(I) and Sr(II). Current treatment of alkaline HLW in SRS includes: i) The Actinide Removal Process (ARP), which is based on sorption of {sup 90}Sr and Actinides (An) on monosodium titanate (MST), also known as 'alpha-strike' process, followed by ii) Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX),4 which is used for the extraction of {sup 137}Cs by modified calixarenes in a hydrocarbon diluent. Residual actinides in some tanks are removed after CSSX by an additional ARP process commonly referred to as 'alpha-finishing'. Despite the success of ARP for Sr and An removal, as it is a sorption process, it represents the kinetic bottleneck of integrated salt waste processing. Hence potential introduction of additional organic ligands for actinide extraction (in a modified CSSX process) could simplify the overall integrated process, making it more efficient and economical, with less titanate needed and shorter sorption time, as some of the actinide component would be removed during CSSX. In this study tri-sulfonamide and o-sulfonamido-phenol (mono-sulfonamide) ligands have been studied as extractants for Sm(III), which is being used as an Am(III) surrogate. Our prior studies in the group using a tri-sulfonamide (iPr-tsa-B) showed favorable extraction for Sm(III) nitrate salts from alkaline solutions. Mono-sulfonamides possess similar orientation of binding sites to pyrocatechols, which have been found to be good ligands for Am(III) binding and extraction from alkaline media. Tri-sulfonamide of the type iPr-tsa-B6 (1 mM in CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} solution) was studied for Ln{sup 3+} extraction using Sm(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}.6H{sub 2}0 (10 and 25 μM) in alkaline solution of NaOH (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mM) / 0.1 M NaNO{sub 3}. Stripping of the organic phase was done using 0.1 M HNO{sub 3} and quantification of Sm{sup 3+} was done using ICP-OES at 359.3 nm. The need to improve stability of the complex led to synthesis of compounds with N-donor site closer to the central benzene ring to facilitate cation-π interactions. Synthesis of tri-sulfonamide type A: a) Chloromethyl methyl ether, SnCl{sub 4}, CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2}, 0 deg. C, N{sub 2}, 4 h, 57%; b) NaN{sub 3}, reflux in H{sub 2}O/acetone for 22 h, 80%; c) PPh{sub 3}, THF/H{sub 2}O, 22 h, 79%; d) p-toluene sulfonyl chloride, Et{sub 3}N, 1,2-DCE, 22 h. Extraction: Sm(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}.6H{sub 2}O (2 mM) in 5 ml of aqueous NaOH (pH 10.5 - 14) + 6 ml of CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} solution of msa (20 mole equiv.) were rotated on a wheel (60 rpm; 20 h). Stripping: 5 ml of 0.1 M HNO{sub 3} + CH{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} solution of msa (after extraction, centrifugation and filtration) was rotated on the wheel (60 rpm; 20 h). Sm{sup 3+} was quantified using UV-Visible spectrophotometry.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS2003

Review of Integrated Noise Model (INM) Equations and Processes

The FAA's Integrated Noise Model (INM) relies on the methods of the SAE AIR-1845 'Procedure for the Calculation of Airplane Noise in the Vicinity of Airports' issued in 1986. Simplifying assumptions for aerodynamics and noise calculation were made in the SAE standard and the INM based on the limited computing power commonly available then. The key objectives of this study are 1) to test some of those assumptions against Boeing source data, and 2) to automate the manufacturer's methods of data development to enable the maintenance of a consistent INM database over time. These new automated tools were used to generate INM database submissions for six airplane types :737-700 (CFM56-7 24K), 767-400ER (CF6-80C2BF), 777-300 (Trent 892), 717-200 (BR7 15), 757-300 (RR535E4B), and the 737-800 (CFM56-7 26K).

Shepherd, Kevin P.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development and Characterization of the Integrally Stiffened Cylinder (ISC) Process for Launch Vehicles and Aircraft Fuselage Structures

Over the past decade, NASA Langley has led development of the Integrally Stiffened Cylinder (ISC) Process, a near-net-shape, flow-forming technology. This innovative process is being evaluated for launch vehicle and commercial aircraft manufacturing. A thick-walled, cylindrical preform is flow-formed using a single operation into a thin-walled barrel with integral longitudinal stiffeners. The one-piece, stiffened barrels offer a direct replacement for conventional multi-piece, welded or riveted structures. A cost-benefit analysis for launch vehicle cryogenic propellant tanks estimated that the ISC process offers up to a 50% reduction in manufacturing costs and a 10% reduction in mass. NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and industry partners have teamed to manufacture 3-m(10-ft.) diameter aluminum ISCs. The intent is to demonstrate the commercial viability of the process at a scale relevant to the commercial launch and aircraft industries. Development activities will be presented, including process scale-up, formability assessment, and mechanical property testing.

ISC, flow forming, near net shape↗
DOE OSTI2021

UKy-CAER Heat Integrated Transformative CO 2 Capture Process in Pulverized Coal Power Plants

The goal of this Phase II Topical Report is to summarize the work for public domain conducted on project DE-FE0031583. Building upon the Design Basis completed during Phase I and in accordance with the Statement of Project Objectives (SOPO), the University of Kentucky (UK) Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER) (Recipient) along with team members has completed the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) for its advanced, versatile post-combustion CO 2 capture system (CCS) at the 10 MWe large pilot scale to be installed at the Wyoming (WY) Integrated Test Center (ITC), using a heat integrated process with split-rich fed, two-stage stripping and any advanced solvent to enhance the CO 2 absorber performance and lower the cost of CO 2 capture. The proposed project (Phases I-III) involves the design, fabrication, installation, testing and evaluation of a large pilot scale facility that will demonstrate the UK CAER transformative CCS integrated with an operating power plant. The work performed in Phase I, detailed in the Phase I Topical Report that was submitted in March 2019, included formation of a project team, securing the host site, and completing pre-FEED design basis, a cost estimation, a preliminary techno-economic analysis (TEA) and an environmental information volume (EIV). The work performed in Phase II, detailed in this Phase II Topical Report, includes completion of FEEDs, completion of a process risk analysis (PRA), obtaining necessary permits, updating the EIV and TEA, updating the cost and schedule estimate for the Phase III scope of work (SOW) and securing the necessary cost share. Updated information is provided on the current status of the UK CAER CCS technology and the project is ready to begin immediately detailed design, construction and operation of the proposed pilot.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
NASA NTRS2008

Thermal Model Development for Ares I-X

Thermal analysis for the Ares I-X vehicle has involved extensive thermal model integration, since thermal models of vehicle elements came from several different NASA and industry organizations. Many valuable lessons were learned in terms of model integration and validation. Modeling practices such as submodel, analysis group and symbol naming were standardized to facilitate the later model integration. Upfront coordination of coordinate systems, timelines, units, symbols and case scenarios was very helpful in minimizing integration rework. A process for model integration was developed that included pre-integration runs and basic checks of both models, and a step-by-step process to efficiently integrate one model into another. Extensive use of model logic was used to create scenarios and timelines for avionics and air flow activation. Efficient methods of model restart between case scenarios were developed. Standardization of software version and even compiler version between organizations was found to be essential. An automated method for applying aeroheating to the full integrated vehicle model, including submodels developed by other organizations, was developed.

Amundsen, Ruth M.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Risk Management for the International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is an extremely complex system, both technically and programmatically. The Space Station must support a wide range of payloads and missions. It must be launched in numerous launch packages and be safely assembled and operated in the harsh environment of space. It is being designed and manufactured by many organizations, including the prime contractor, Boeing, the NASA institutions, and international partners and their contractors. Finally, the ISS has multiple customers, (e.g., the Administration, Congress, users, public, international partners, etc.) with contrasting needs and constraints. It is the ISS Risk Management Office strategy to proactively and systematically manages risks to help ensure ISS Program success. ISS program follows integrated risk management process (both quantitative and qualitative) and is integrated into ISS project management. The process and tools are simple and seamless and permeate to the lowest levels (at a level where effective management can be realized) and follows the continuous risk management methodology. The risk process assesses continually what could go wrong (risks), determine which risks need to be managed, implement strategies to deal with those risks, and measure effectiveness of the implemented strategies. The process integrates all facets of risk including cost, schedule and technical aspects. Support analysis risk tools like PRA are used to support programatic decisions and assist in analyzing risks.

Sebastian, J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

On representation of fracture profiles by fractional integrals of a Wiener process

An enhancement of the crack diffusion model of brittle fracture is proposed. In the model, certain probabilities are evaluated as averages over the set of all virtual crack paths, and the latter are modeled as realization of a Wiener process. However, commonly observed fracture profiles are smoother. In fact, one can show that their fractal dimension is smaller than the value 3/2 for a Wiener process. Accordingly, it is proposed to represent fracture profiles by graphs of fractional integrals of a Wiener process. This allows one to employ additional fractographic information obtained from fracture profiles, e.g. their fractal dimension, in a predictive formalism, evaluating probabilities of failure.

Kunin, B.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development and Characterization of the Integrally Stiffened Cylinder (ISC) Process for Launch Vehicles and Aircraft Fuselage Structures

Over the past decade, NASA Langley has led development of the Integrally Stiffened Cylinder (ISC) Process, a near-net shape, flow-forming technology. This innovative process is being evaluated for launch vehicle and commercial aircraft manufacturing. A thick-walled, cylindrical preform is flow-formed in a single operation into a thin-walled barrel with longitudinal stiffeners. The one-piece, stiffened barrels offer a direct replacement for conventional multi-piece welded or riveted structures. A cost-benefit analysis for launch vehicles estimated that the ISC process offers up to a 50% reduction in manufacturing costs and a 10% reduction in mass. NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and industry partners have teamed to manufacture 10-ft. diameter aluminum ISCs. The intent is to demonstrate the commercial viability of the process at a scale relevant to the commercial launch and aircraft industries. Development activities will be presented, including process scale-up, formability assessment, microstructural analysis, and mechanical property testing.

ISC, flow forming, near net shape↗
DOE OSTI2023

Integrated hydropyrolysis and vapor-phase hydrodeoxygenation process with Pd/Al 2 O 3 for production of advanced oxygen-containing biofuels from cellulosic wastes

This study focuses on developing advanced oxygen-containing biofuels with high furan, cyclic ketone, and ethanol content from holocellulose and cellulosic wastes. To achieve this, we employed an integrated process that combined hydropyrolysis and vapor-phase hydrodeoxygenation using Pd/Al 2 O 3 as a catalyst. In the first stage, the non-catalytic hydropyrolysis of hemicellulose resulted in furfural and acetic acid fractions that were effectively converted into furans, cyclic ketones, and ethanol in the second-stage reactor over Pd/Al 2 O 3 under 0.3 MPa H 2 . We found that a hydropyrolysis temperature of 440 °C in the first stage reactor resulted in the highest yield of oxygen-containing biofuels (171.1 mg/g) with 89.2% hemicellulose conversion. However, increasing the hydrodeoxygenation temperature in the second stage reactor reduced the yield of oxygen-containing biofuels, and at 400 °C, excess deoxygenation led to hydrocarbon production. The Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst demonstrated high stability during the vapor-phase hydrodeoxygenation of primary furfural and acetic acid intermediates, with only 2.1% coke formation after three reaction cycles. This scalable process enables the conversion of various cellulosic wastes into advanced oxygen-containing biofuels, with considerable total yields. Our findings suggest that this integrated process holds great promise for converting biomass waste into advanced oxygen-containing biofuels.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗