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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Energy Deposition and Radiation to Electronics

Chapter 10 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

11 T Dipole for the Dispersion Suppressor Collimators

Chapter 11 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Machine Layout and Performance

Chapter 2 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) : Preliminary Design Report. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

RF Systems

Chapter 4 in High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will rely on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 300 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Technical Design Report V. 0.1

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 7,000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its instantaneous luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total collisions created) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require about ten years to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), relies on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11-12 tesla superconducting mag-nets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 100 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of HL-LHC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Enabling Production of Low Carbon Emissions Steel through CO 2 Capture from Blast Furnace Gases at Cleveland Cliffs’ 5 mtpa Steel Plant at Burns Harbor, Indiana

Dastur International Inc. has prepared a DOE-funded Pre-front-end engineering design (Pre-FEED) study to capture up to 2.8 mtpa of CO 2 from the available Blast Furnace (BF) gases at the Burns Harbor steel plant operated by Cleveland Cliffs in Burns Harbor, Indiana. The project consists of an amine solvent based pre-combustion carbon capture system, along with a unique BF gas conditioning process which significantly optimizes the project design and architecture in terms of higher volumes (2.8 mtpa vis-à-vis 1.6 mtpa without conditioning) & concentration (32 vol% in conditioned gas vs. 22% in raw BF gas) of CO 2 , which can be captured using a single train, resulting in reduced size and capital cost of the CO 2 capture island, and improved overall economics on a $\$$/tCO 2 captured basis.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Pilot Test of Novel Electrochemical Membrane System for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Power Generation (Final Report)

The goal of this U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored project under cooperative agreement DE-FE0026580 is to verify that Fuel Cell Energy’s (FCE) Electrochemical Membrane (ECM)-based Combined Electric Power and Carbon Separation (CEPACS) system can achieve at least 90% carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture rate from Pulverized Coal (PC) power plant flue gas with 95% CO2 purity at a cost of electricity (COE) 30% less than baseline CO 2 capture approaches. To progress towards the DOE’s ultimate carbon capture program goals, the specific objectives of Budget Period 1 (BP1) of the project are to perform a preliminary Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and Environmental, Health and Safety (EH&S) Risk Assessment study, as well as to complete the detailed design of a pilot-scale ECM-based CEPACS system. This final technical report summarizes the results of the preliminary TEA and EH&S assessment of an ECM-based CEPACS system designed to capture and compress >90% of CO 2 from the flue gas of a reference 550 MW (net AC) Pulverized Coal (PC) Supercritical Steam Cycle Plant. Also included in this report is a summary of the detailed design for a pilot 3 MWe (flue gas equivalent) ECM-based CEPACS system designed to capture ≥90% of CO 2 from a PC plant flue gas slipstream and produce high-purity (≥95%) CO 2 . The pilot system is designed to process a slipstream of flue gas from the Unit 5 coal-fired boiler at the James M. Barry Electric Generating Station (Plant Barry). Plant Barry is located in Bucks, Alabama and is owned and operated by Alabama Power Company, a subsidiary of Southern Company. The TEA shows that the ECM-based CO 2 capture technology has an economic advantage over the existing CO 2 capture technology and meets the DOE’s cost target and performance goals for post-combustion CO 2 capture. The EH&S study includes the identification and quantification of the emissions from the CEPACS system. Properties of the waste including reactivity, flammability, corrosivity and toxicological effects are discussed along with the methods for minimization/elimination where applicable. The study shows that no major EH&S issues are expected to hinder commercialization of the ECM technology for large scale carbon capture applications. The detailed Front End Engineering Design (FEED) package for FCE’s MW-class ECM-based CO 2 capture pilot system is complete. It is designed in accordance with the project objectives and is now at a point where equipment/component procurement, skid final design and fabrication, and site preparation activities can begin in a follow-on project phase.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Assessing and Enabling Trustworthy Predictions for High-Consequence Decisions

Predictions from physics-based computational models provide critical information to inform high consequence decisions, e.g., engineering design decisions. The ability to assess the reliability of such predictions is therefore critical. However, to date, reliability assessment rely heavily on expert judgment and qualitative arguments. This report details the efforts of LDRD 233072 to develop quantitative methods to assess reliability of model predictions, especially in the context of simplifying assumptions that can impact their reliability.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hybrid Capture for Net-Negative Emissions

The Energy & Environmental Research Center, in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and North Dakota ethanol producer Red Trail Energy, LLC (RTE), completed an initial engineering design (IED) for a potential hybrid capture system at the RTE CCS (carbon capture and storage) site. The RTE CCS Project is currently operating a CO2 capture facility, adjacent to the RTE ethanol facility in western North Dakota, and injecting the CO2 more than a mile below RTE property for permanent storage. This novel process would add capturing CO2 produced from natural gas boilers to the existing bioprocessing capture system to achieve a net-negative CO2 emissions industrial process at commercial scale (~310,000 tonnes/yr CO2). Initial findings of the IED showed the hybrid system to be technically viable with a moderate estimated cost of $55/tonne CO2 captured for the hybrid system. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was also conducted, showing preliminary net-negative carbon emissions potential anticipated from implementing a hybrid CCS system at a commercial scale. Recommended next steps toward potential implementation include hybrid capture system demonstration testing for detailed engineering and LCA model comparisons with low-carbon fuel incentive programs for financial support.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2015

Texas authorizes disposal of large quantities of depleted uranium at wcs - 15626

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has been actively engaged in a rulemaking process that would revise Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, Licensing Requirements for Land Disposal of Radioactive Waste, to govern the disposal of large quantities of Depleted Uranium (DU) and Blended Waste (referred to as Unique Waste Streams). While the NRC plans to propose a Site Specific Analysis (SSA) rulemaking in early 2015, they have already issued guidance to Agreement States which identified general disposal criteria that could be used should a licensee propose to dispose of Unique Waste Streams before their rulemaking was completed. On August 5, 2013, Waste Control Specialists LLC (WCS) submitted a major license amendment application for review and approval to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). This major license amendment request proposed, among other things, authorization to dispose of large quantities of DU at its Federal Facility Waste Disposal Facility (FWF). Pursuant to Title 30 of the Texas Administrative Code (TAC), Rule 336.709, Technical and Environmental Analyses, disposal of waste must be sufficient to meet the radiological dose criteria for a minimum period of performance of 1,000 years after closure or the period where peak dose occurs, whichever is longer. These regulations are more stringent than those of any other state that hosts a facility authorized to dispose of Low-Level Radioactive Waste (LLW) in the U.S. On August 28, 2014, the TCEQ approved the major amendment request authorizing disposal of large quantities of DU. During the licensing review process, significant technical issues were successfully resolved ensuring that large quantities of DU could be safely isolated from the biosphere for long time periods after site closure. Many important lessons were learned during the licensing proceedings that have potential significant impacts to the licensed community. Namely that a modern, well designed disposal facility that is properly sited geologically and in an arid environment is ideal for ensuring that long-lived alpha emitting radionuclides are sufficiently isolated to protect public health for long into the future. The DOE is currently finalizing plans to complete a Supplemental Environmental Analysis (EA) to support shipments of DU for disposal at WCS' FWF as required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1970. The DOE may begin shipments of DU for disposal to WCS FWF that was licensed and constructed to support disposal of waste that is the responsibility of the federal government as stipulated in the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985. This paper will present the regulatory history of events that initiated the NRC's rulemaking for Unique Waste Streams and the technical analysis that were conducted in support of WCS' major amendment that has been approved by the TCEQ. A description of the geological characteristics and engineering designs used to support the Performance Assessment will be included. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multi-Physics Investigation of a Natural Circulation Molten Salt Micro-Reactor that Utilizes an Experimental In-Pile Device to Improve Core Physics and System Thermal-Hydraulic Performance.

INL employee PhD Dissertation - The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) concept is a rapidly evolving Generation IV design that has recently attracted favorable attention due to the potential for reducing waste generation, realizing passive safety features, and seizing on the opportunity for cost effective economics. This thesis investigates the performance benefit of a new device invented by the doctoral candidate. The device is referred to as a Wrapped Helix around an Inclined Plane or WHIP. The WHIP is protected under a provisional patent filed with the USA Patent Office on 28 September 2021 under application number 63/261,776, BEA docket number BA-1254. The WHIP device can be located in-core or near-core to promoted enhanced thermal-hydraulics and neutronics performance. While the WHIP can be employed in a variety of solid or liquid fuel designs, this thesis investigates the device’s benefit in the application of a natural-circulation, micro-molten salt nuclear battery concept (MsNB). This thesis will specifically investigate the temperature coefficient of the MsNB fuel (FLiNaK) using novel temperature sensitivity techniques unique to Serpent particle transport code, evaluate the WHIP’s thermal-hydraulic and neutronic performance effects using both established (STAR-CCM+) and novel (Python code developed to estimate the circulation effective delayed neutron fraction, ßef f ) analytical and numerical methods, evaluate the neutron noise behavior of the MsNB and how the WHIP may alter the character of the MsNB’s transfer function, and how the WHIP affects the autonomous, load-following performance under transient power conditions using Python code developed by the candidate. The sum body of this work, in part, has been published in three journal articles as the timing of the provisional patent process has allowed. Results show that creative utilization of WHIP engineering design and function reduces reactor system volume, fuel loading, control/stability in the buoyant regime

buoyant flow↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simulation of Multiphase Flow and Poromechanical Effects Around Injection Wells in CO 2 Storage Sites

In geological CO 2 storage operations, wellbore deformations and leakage pathways formations can occur around injection and abandoned wells subjected to high rates and long-term CO 2 injection. To guide engineering design and prevent CO 2 leakage risks, a full understanding of the underlying physics and robust numerical models is necessary to evaluate the response of underground formations in the near wellbore region and in the reservoir. In this study, a multi-scale and multi-physics open-source simulator (GEOS) is used to simulate multiphase flow and poromechanical deformations over time in three dimensions. The governing equations for mechanical deformations of the rock body and multiphase compositional fluid flow within the rock matrix are solved with a fully coupled finite element and finite volume approach. The Drucker–Prager model with friction hardening is applied to simulate elastoplastic deformation and a multiphase fluid model with power-law correlations for relative permeability is used to model the migration of CO 2 plume, which are coupled with numerical implicit scheme. Simulation results are verified against multiple analytical solutions for multiphase flow and wellbore problems, thus demonstrating the accuracy of this advanced simulator. In two engineering applications, here we highlight the impact of elastoplastic deformation and coupled modeling for assessing induced displacements and stress perturbations, which are more pronounced in the near wellbore regions. This work focuses on short-term processes in the vicinity of injection wells where stress evolutions, rock deformations and multiphase compositional flow and transport are simulated jointly to ensure wellbore stability and prevent damage. This fully coupled geomechanical model can simulate multiphase flow and any associated poromechanical effects within the CO 2 storage site and in the surrounding formations. Such a large-scale, long-term, multi-physics simulation model is useful in many ways: it can guide operational decisions for CO 2 injection, assess the containment potential and risks of a site, and analyze the wellbore stability and integrity during and after CO 2 injection.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Real-time observation of dynamic structure of liquid-vapor interface at nanometer resolution in electron irradiated sodium chloride crystals

The dynamics and structure of the liquid and vapor interface has remained elusive for decades due to the lack of an effective tool for directly visualization beyond micrometer resolution. Here, we designed a simple liquid-cell for encapsulating the liquid state of sodium for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation. The real-time dynamic structure of the liquid-vapor interface was imaged and videoed by TEM on the sample of electron irradiated sodium chloride (NaCl) crystals, a well-studied sample with low melting temperature and quantum super-shells of clusters. The nanometer resolution images exhibit the fine structures of the capillary waves, composed of first-time observed three zones of structures and features, i.e. flexible nanoscale fibers, nanoparticles/clusters, and a low-pressure area that sucks the nanoparticles from the liquid to the interface. Although the phenomenons were observed based on irradiated NaCl crystals, the similarities of the phenomenons to predictions suggest our real-time ovserved dynamic structure might be useful in validating long-debated theoretical models of the liquid-vapor interface, and enhancing our knowledge in understanding the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of the liquid-vapor interface to benefit future engineering designs in microfluidics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Lessons Learned from Open-Source Software Training Toward Expanding the Fusion Workforce

Within the United States (U.S.), the Fusion Innovation Research Engine (FIRE) Collaboratives seek to accelerate fusion technology development through wide-ranging community-driven research activities that bring together industry, laboratories, research institutes, and academia. Increasing the maturity of key components and systems for future fusion power plants (FPPs) toward commercialization, will, by necessity, increase the need for knowledgeable engineers, designers, and researchers in industry capable of integrating and further improving these technologies within industry FPP concepts. Further, various modeling and simulation packages support these programs and are under-development within them to drive design iteration and the development of FPP digital twins. To derive the greatest benefit from model output and capabilities, training these same specialists will be vital. Thus, the development of effective and accessible software onboarding and professional development opportunities focused on fusion will be key to keeping the pace of growth high in the coming decade and beyond. A similar need exists within the advanced fission reactor community, driven by an ever-growing need for carbon-free baseload power for industrial and data center applications. Within the U.S. and around the world, several open-source packages and frameworks exist to support this endeavor, and two we will highlight here are the Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework and OpenMC. These packages, notably, are also being utilized in the FIRE Collaboratives program. In this presentation, we will highlight the lessons learned from over 30 years of combined software development and training experience, focused on developing strong technical software foundations within the nuclear workforce, from students to professional engineers & scientists. We will connect this experience to present and emerging needs in the fusion energy community, and, finally, will outline possible paths forward to develop a large, robust, global fusion workforce.

70 - PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Carbon Capture from ArcelorMittal Hot Briquetted Iron Plant Using Air Liquide Cryocap™ FG Technology – FEED Study

The process of steel production is energy and carbon intensive with global average energy consumption of 5.5 MWh/tonne of steel and CO2 emission intensity of 1.83 tonne CO2/tonne of steel. The steel making process has inherent CO2 emissions from mineral conversion and is considered major contributors to the global carbon emissions. The steel industry is responsible for 8% of global carbon emissions. The main objective of this research project is to execute and complete a front-end engineering and design (FEED) study for a commercial-scale, carbon capture project that separates 95% of the total CO2 emissions at the ArcelorMittal’s Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) plant in Portland, TX (Figure 1). The HBI is an ore-based metallic that is used as high-grade feedstock for high-quality steel via an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) route. The HBI plant produces 2.0 million metric tonnes of high-quality HBI and emits approximately 1 million tonnes CO2/yr. The capture system is a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system assisted Cryocap™ FG technology (Figure 2). The captured CO2 will be pipeline grade and will be geologically stored in a facility within 10 miles of the CO2 source. The Host Site location in Corpus Christi, TX, is near hydrocarbon processing facilities and near Environmental Justice (EJ) and Qualified Opportunity Zone (QOZ) communities. Due to the location of the Host Site, the retrofit project offers the ability to demonstrate how a workforce focused on the fossil energy sector can be redirected to the clean- energy sector. The Air Liquide Cryocap™ capture technology is a proven technology and has been extensively examined for large industrial applications. It has been shown to be applicable to a variety of industrial applications including the steel industry. Cryocap™ FG (specific setup for Flue Gas application) consists of a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) unit coupled with a Cryogenic System. The PSA pre-concentrates the CO2 from the flue gas, while the cryogenic unit enables the CO2 purity to be increased to the desired level. The scope of this study incorporates completing FEED study of the CO2 capture system which includes point-source CO2 capture and balance-of-plant; Business Case Analysis (BCA) outlining the current and projected volumes of the steel plant’s point sources of CO2 and the potential utilization of tax credits, including its projected revenue and duration; Life Cycle Analysis (LCA); Environmental Justice Analysis; Economic Revitalization and Job Creation Outcomes Analysis; and Workforce Readiness Plan. The plant design work was divided into two components: Inside Battery Limits (ISBL) and Outside Battery Limits (OSBL). The ISBL focuses on the capture system, while the OSBL focuses on the utility feeds and ducting from the plant to the capture system. Various design and engineering deliverables will be developed to define commodity quantities, equipment specifications, and labour effort required to execute the project. These FEED study deliverables will be prepared with the intent to develop an overall project capital cost estimate consistent with an AACE Class 3 estimate. The modular approach for the Cryocap™ FG that is being designed for this study integrates compression, PSA, and cryogenic “bricks” to achieve the desired CO2 capture rates. This carbon capture system integrates easily with the existing plant, thus reducing project costs and risks. It is also capable of managing impurities such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), mercury, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. The capture system has a smaller footprint than amine-based systems. The two-step process uses PSA to preconcentrate the CO2 in the feedstream and then uses the cryogenic portion to purify and compress the resulting high purity CO2 product. This combination of purification and compression (i.e., process intensification) significantly reduces the CAPEX associated with use of a separate compressor commonly utilized for amine solvent-based systems. Successful completion of the FEED study will provide DOE with a detailed understanding of the costs for scaling up this proven capture technology for commercial applications at industrial facilities.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Advanced Systems for Preprocessing and Characterizing Coal-Biomass Mixtures as Next-Generation Fuels and Feedstocks

The research activities presented in this report are intended to address the most critical technical challenges pertaining to coal-biomass briquette feedstocks. Several detailed investigations were conducted using a variety of coal and biomass feedstocks on the topics of (1) coal-biomass briquette production and characterization, (2) gasification of coal-biomass mixtures and briquettes, (3) combustion of coal-biomass mixtures and briquettes, and (4) conceptual engineering design and economic feasibility of briquette production. The briquette production studies indicate that strong and durable co-firing feedstocks can be produced by co-briquetting coal and biomass resources commonly available in the United States. It is demonstrated that binderless coal-biomass briquettes produced at optimized conditions exhibit very high strength and durability, which indicates that such briquettes would remain competent in the presence of forces encountered in handling, storage and transportation. The gasification studies conducted demonstrate that coal-biomass mixtures and briquettes are exceptional gasification feedstocks, particularly with regard to the synergistic effects realized during devolatilization of the blended materials. The mixture combustion studies indicate that coal-biomass mixtures are exceptional combustion feedstocks, while the briquette combustion study indicates that the use of blended briquettes reduces NO x , CO 2 , and CO emissions, and requires the least amount of changes in the operating conditions of an existing coal-fired power plant. Similar results were obtained for the physical durability of the pilot-scale briquettes compared to the bench-scale tests. Finally, the conceptual engineering and feasibility analysis study for a commercial-scale briquetting production facility provides preliminary flowsheet and cost simulations to evaluate the various feedstocks, equipment selection and operating parameters.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Large-Scale Commercial Carbon Capture Retrofit of the San Juan Generating Station

Enchant Energy, L.L.C. (Enchant) was selected to conduct a Front-End Engineering Design study (FEED) for the addition of a full-scale carbon capture system to remove carbon dioxide from the flue gas emissions of the two coal-fired generating units (total of 847 MW net) at San Juan Generating Station (SJGS), using Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Americas (MHIA) KM CDR Process™. Sargent & Lundy LLC (S&L) was selected as the primary technical lead, and along with various other organizations, were able to support Enchant’s completion of the following FEED tasks: Task 1 – Project Management & Planning; Task 2 – FEED Study; Task 3 - Final FEED Study Package. The FEED study period was between October 15, 2019 to September 30, 2022.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

Nuclear Direct Air Capture with Carbon Storage (NuDACCS) (Final Technical Report)

This final report, which is for DOE Award Number DE-FE0032160 (Direct Air Capture Combined with dedicated Long-Term Carbon Storage, Coupled to Existing Low-Carbon Energy), covers the Nuclear Direct Air Capture with Carbon Storage (NuDACCS) project period of performance from 03/31/2022 to 12/27/2024. Battelle Memorial Institute (Battelle) partnered with Aircapture LLC (Aircapture), Southern Company (Southern), Carbonvert, the University of Alabama, and Sargent & Lundy (S&L) to develop a front end engineering design (FEED) study for a direct air capture (DAC) system co-located with Southern Company's Joseph M. Farley Nuclear Plant (Plant Farley) in Columbia, Alabama. The DAC system was designed to capture at least 5,000 net tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year from ambient air in a form suitable for long duration carbon storage (e.g., geologic storage). To complement and support the FEED study, additional analyses were completed, including a Technology Maturation Plan (TMP); Workforce Readiness Plan; Project Cost Estimate; Business Case Analysis (BCA); Life Cycle Analysis (LCA); Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) Assessment; and Environmental Justice (EJ) Analysis and Economic Revitalization and Job Creation Outcomes Analysis.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗