ARIES 2022
An annual report of ARIES FY 2022 research highlights and capabilities, partner impacts, engagement and outreach, and messages from DOE and an External Advisory Board member.
clean energy↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Distribution grid”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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US ATLAS and US CMS HPC and Cloud Blueprint
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN houses two general purpose detectors - ATLAS and CMS - which conduct physics programs over multi-year runs to generate increasingly precise and extensive datasets. The efforts of the CMS and ATLAS collaborations lead to the discovery of the Higgs boson, a fundamental particle that gives mass to other particles, representing a monumental achievement in the field of particle physics that was recognized with the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013 to François Englert and Peter Higgs. These collaborations continue to analyze data from the LHC and are preparing for the high luminosity data taking phase at the end of the decade. The computing models of these detectors rely on a distributed processing grid hosted by more than 150 associated universities and laboratories worldwide. However, such new data will require a significant expansion of the existing computing infrastructure. To address this, both collaborations have been working for years on integrating High Performance Computers (HPC) and commercial cloud resources into their infrastructure and continue to assess the potential role of such resources in order to cope with the demands of the new high luminosity era. US ATLAS and US CMS computing management have charged the authors to provide a blueprint document looking at current and possibly future use of HPC and Cloud resources, outlining integration models, possibilities, challenges and costs. The document will address key questions such as the optimal use of resources for the experiments and funding agencies, the main obstacles that need to be overcome for resource adoption, and areas that require more attention.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Phase I Technical Report & Requirements Document
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Federated Architecture for Secure and Transactive Distributed Energy Resource Management Solutions (FAST-DERMS)
This presentation provides and overview of the Federated Architecture for Secure and Transactive Distributed Energy Resource Management Solutions (FAST-DERMS) project and progress to date as of December 2024.
ADMS Test Bed↗
Intelligent Utility Operator Training Platform
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Distribution of blackouts in the power grid and the Motter and Lai model
Carreras, Dobson, and colleagues have studied empirical data on the sizes of the blackouts in real grids and modeled them with computer simulations using the direct current approximation. They have found that the resulting blackout sizes are distributed as a power law and suggested that this is because the grids are driven to the self-organized critical state. In contrast, more recent studies found that the distribution of cascades is bimodal resulting in either a very small blackout or a very large blackout, engulfing a finite fraction of the system. Here we reconcile the two approaches and investigate how the distribution of the blackouts changes with model parameters, including the tolerance criteria and the dynamic rules of failure of the overloaded lines during the cascade. Finally, we study the same problem for the Motter and Lai model and find similar results, suggesting that the physical laws of flow on the network are not as important as network topology, overload conditions, and dynamic rules of failure.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Robust Real-Time Modeling of Distribution Systems with Data-Driven Grid-Wise Observability (Final Technical Report)
The overall objective of this project is to leverage existing and emerging sensor measurements to develop data-driven observability enhancement algorithms as well as robust state estimation and parameter identification techniques to enable real-time grid-wise monitoring and modeling of loads and distributed energy resources (DERs). The project resulted in a holistic framework with the following key components: 1) data-driven and machine learning-based grid-edge visibility enhancement, 2) robust branch-current-based state estimation (BCSE), and 3) robust real-time steady-state and dynamic-state modeling of loads and DERs. The research outcomes have provided utility companies better network visibility, higher-fidelity load/DER models, and more accurate assessment of DERs’ impacts, thus, facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources. The synergistic collaborative project among Iowa State University (ISU), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Electric Power Research Center (EPRC), SIEMENS Industry, Alliant Energy, Cedar Falls Utilities (CFU), and Maquoketa Valley Electric Cooperative (MVEC) to leverage the team’s extensive expertise and experience in power distribution systems, state estimation, online modeling and identification, and DER integrations. The proposed frameworks have been verified with industry adopted software and attempted integrated with existing tool wherever possible
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Technical Impacts of Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Transportation Electrification on a Coordinated Transmission and Distribution System
In this study, we propose a strategy to model the required spatiotemporal charging demand from light-duty (LD) and medium- and heavy-duty (MHD) electric vehicles (EVs) using actual transportation data by mapping the demand for the required EV charging to a realistic and coordinated distribution and transmission electric grid at the predicted times of the day to study their impact on the power system in a variety of load, weather, and EV penetration scenarios. This work is the first study that includes the actual weather data and transportation data with realistic and coordinated distribution and transmission grid data in a large industry-scale level study. The main goal of this study is to identify possible issues and required upgrades in the electric grid, caused by an increase in EV integration. The transmission case study is a large grid with 6717 buses over a Texas footprint, and the distribution grid is over Houston, a city in Texas, covering over three million customers. The resulting overloads and voltage violations experienced in the system are discussed, and required planning upgrades to avoid these issues are suggested.
AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF)↗
Coordinated Inverter Control to Increase Dynamic PV Hosting Capacity: A Real-Time Optimal Power Flow Approach
High penetrations of distributed photovoltaics (PV) could cause adverse grid impacts, such as voltage violations. The recent development in inverter technologies provides the opportunity to develop control systems to realize effective PV governance and thus to improve dynamic PV hosting capacity for distribution grids. In this paper, a novel distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) solution is proposed by adopting the real-time optimal power flow (OPF) approach for coordinated control of the distributed PV inverters. The proposed approach eliminates the dependence on load knowledge via measurement feedback correction, and it can be implemented in real time. One challenge is that the technique is sensitive to the data availability and integrity of voltage measurements. Therefore, a decentralized DERMS approach is developed by leveraging the concepts of state estimation. The framework and the effectiveness of the solution approach are numerically demonstrated on a real distribution feeder in Southern California.
14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
Adaptive bandwidth management for entanglement distribution in quantum networks
Flexible grid wavelength division multiplexing is a powerful tool in lightwave communications to maximize spectral efficiency. In the emerging field of quantum networking, the need for effective resource provisioning is particularly acute, given the generally lower power levels, higher sensitivity to loss, and inapplicability of optical detection and retransmission. In this letter, we leverage flex grid technology to demonstrate reconfigurable distribution of quantum entanglement in a four-user tabletop network. By adaptively partitioning bandwidth with a single wavelength-selective switch, we successfully equalize two-party coincidence rates that initially differ by over two orders of magnitude. Our scalable approach introduces loss that is fixed with the number of users, offering a practical path for the establishment and management of quality-of-service guarantees in large quantum networks.
42 ENGINEERING↗
Cyber-Physical Events Emulation Based Transmission and Distribution Co-Simulation for Situation Awareness and Grid Anomaly (SAGA) Detection: Preprint
Energy management of transmission and distribution networks is becoming more challenged with the accelerated increasing of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation and distributed energy storage. To better analyze the impacts of DERs on both transmission and distribution systems, a comprehensive transmission and distribution co-simulation platform should be developed. Furthermore, with DERs more actively participated in system operation such as providing real time grid services, their cyber vulnerability should be better understood to maintain system reliability. This paper discussed a cyber-physical events emulation based transmission & distribution co-simulation platform to perform different cyber events emulation and analyze the impacts of cyber physical events happened in distribution system on the T&D system operation. The case studies with both a transmission network and a synthetic distribution network data validate that the proposed T&D co-simulation platform can perform comprehensive cyber physical events emulation. Therefore, with extensive simulation using the proposed model, the system operator can accumulate adequate training data for the system situation awareness and grid anomaly detection purpose.
31 CESER - Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Securit↗
Distributed Resources for the Earth System Grid Advanced Management (DREAM). Final Report
The DREAM project was funded more than 3 years ago to design and implement a next generation ESGF (Earth System Grid Federation) architecture which would be suitable for managing and accessing data and services resources on a distributed and scalable environment. In particular, the project intended to focus on the computing and visualization capabilities of the stack, which at the time were rather primitive. At the beginning, the team had the general notion that a better ESGF architecture could be built by modularizing each component, and redefining its interaction with other components by defining and exposing a well defined API. Although this was still the high level principle that guided the work, the DREAM project was able to accomplish its goals by leveraging new practices in IT that started just about 3 or 4 years ago: the advent of containerization technologies (specifically, Docker), the development of frameworks to manage containers at scale (Docker Swarm and Kubernetes), and their application to the commercial Cloud. Thanks to these new technologies, DREAM was able to improve the ESGF architecture (including its computing and visualization services) to a level of deployability and scalability beyond the original expectations.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Distribution Market-Clearing and Pricing Considering Coordination of DSOs and ISO: An EPEC Approach
Distribution-level electricity market provides a platform for trading energy and grid services from large-amount of small-scale distributed energy resources (DERs) located on distribution grids. The behavior of the DERs in the distribution electricity market may ultimately impact the market-clearing and locational marginal prices (LMPs) in the wholesale market. This paper proposes a bi-level optimization model for distribution market clearing and distribution locational marginal pricing (DLMP) considering the interactions between distribution and transmission wholesale markets. In the proposed model, the upper-level model represents the distribution system operator (DSO) market-clearing and the lower-level model represents the wholesale market-clearing by the independent system operator (ISO). The LMP at the substation will impact the DER dispatch and power demands of the DSO as well as the DLMP. In turn, the power demands of the DSO will further impact the ISO market and its LMPs. The equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) approach is applied to find the equilibria of multiple DSOs and the ISO. The EPEC problem is transformed into a single-level mixed-integer convex problem in order to allow for efficient solving. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and solution method are demonstrated through case studies.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DER-Aware Grid Orchestration and Service Restoration for Enhanced Distribution Resilience
This presentation provides an overview of our work on DER-aware grid orchestration and service restoration.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
Blockchain-based fault tolerant grid operations system
To maintain/improve the distribution system fault-tolerance for a grid with high penetration of distributed energy resources requires improvement, Blockchain can add value to improve fault-tolerant grid operations. That can be achieved using blockchain's core features of distributed consensus-based decision-making process and immutability.
Bereta dos Reis, Fernando↗
Medium-Voltage Testbed for Comparing Advanced Power Line Sensors vs. Measurement Transformers with Electrical Grid Events
Electrical utilities have relied upon potential transformers (PTs) and current transformers (CTs) for very accurate metering and to provide reliable signals for protective relays. Less expensive alternative sensing technologies offer the possibility of wider deployment, particularly in grids that employ distributed energy resources. In this work, the performance of an advanced medi-um-voltage sensor is compared with a reference PT and CT and experimentally evaluated for different power grid scenarios on an advanced outdoor power line sensor testbed at the US De-partment of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The sensor is based on a capacitive divider for voltage monitoring and a Rogowski coil with integrator for current monitoring. The advanced outdoor power line sensor testbed has a real-time simulator that was used to generate transient scenarios (e.g., electrical faults, capacitor bank operation, service restoration), while the analog signals were recorded by the same high resolution power meter. The behavior of analog signals, harmonic components, total harmonic distortion, and crest factors were assessed for this power line sensor compared with the reference PT/CT, because of the absence for testing standards for advanced outdoor power line sensors.
Piesciorovsky, Emilio↗
Multifractal Characterization of Distribution Synchrophasors for Cybersecurity Defense of Smart Grids
“Source ID Mix” spoofing emerged as a new type of cyber-attack on Distribution Synchrophasors (DS) where adversaries have the capability to swap the source information of DS without changing the measurement values. Accurate detection of such a highly-deceptive attack is a challenging task especially when the spoofing attack happens on short fragments of DS recorded within a relatively small geographical scale. Herein this letter proposes an effective approach to detect this cyber-attack by realizing the multifractal characteristics of DS measurements. First, the multifractal cross-correlation of DS measured at multiple intra-state locations is revealed. Then the derived correlation is integrated with weighted two-dimensional multifractal surface interpolation to reconstruct quasi high-resolution signals. Finally, informative location-specific signatures are extracted from the high-resolution DS and they are integrated with advanced machine learning techniques for source authentication. Experiments using the real-life DS are performed to verify the proposed method.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
A Hierarchical Local Electricity Market for a DER-rich Grid Edge
We report with increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) in the distribution system, it is critical to design market structures that enable smooth integration of DERs. A hierarchical local electricity market (LEM) structure is proposed in this paper with a secondary market (SM) at the lower level representing secondary feeders and a primary market (PM) at the upper level, representing primary feeders, in order to effectively use DERs to increase grid efficiency and resilience. The lower level SM enforces budget, power balance, and flexibility constraints and accounts for costs related to consumers, such as their disutility, flexibility limits, and commitment reliability, while the upper level PM enforces grid physics constraints such as power balance and capacity limits, and also minimizes line losses. The hierarchical LEM is extensively evaluated using a modified IEEE-123 bus with high DER penetration, with each primary feeder consisting of at least three secondary feeders. Data from a GridLAB-D model is used to emulate realistic power injections and load profiles over the course of 24 hours. The performance of the LEM is illustrated by delineating the family of power-injection profiles across the primary and secondary feeders as well as corresponding local electricity tariffs that vary across the distribution grid. Through numerical simulations, the hierarchical LEM is shown to improve the efficiency of the market in terms of lowering overall costs, including both the distribution-level locational marginal prices (d-LMP) as well as retail tariffs paid by customers. Together, it represents an overall framework for a Distribution System Operator (DSO) who can provide the oversight for the entire LEM.
24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗