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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 505 records · Page 28
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Fermilab’s Muon Campus: Status, Experiments, and Future

The Fermilab Muon Campus, repurposed Tevatron-era Antiproton Source facilities, is currently the home to the g-2 and Mu2e muon experiments. Collecting data since 2017, the g-2 experiment is wrapping up a final run before the Muon Campus transitions to Mu2e operation. Currently in the commissioning process, the Mu2e experiment is expected to begin calibration and data collection in fiscal year 2024. A majority of the Muon Campus is shared between the two experiments, however the modes of operation for each are significantly different. An 8 GeV primary proton beam strikes a target to produce a 3.1 GeV/c secondary muon beam for g-2, while the Mu2e experiment uses the Delivery Ring, formerly the Antiproton Accumulator Ring, for a pulsed, resonantly extracted, 8 kW, 8 GeV proton beam incident on a target in the experiment's target hall to produce a muon beam for the experiment. The design and current state of the Muon Campus and the current and future plans of the g-2 and Mu2e experiments, including the transition between operating modes, will be presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Destructive Analysis of TRISO Particles: Crush/Burn/Leach Followed by Davies-Gray Titration and IDMS

The accurate accounting of nuclear materials is a cornerstone of international nuclear safeguards. One emerging challenge in this domain is the fabrication of TRIstructural ISOtropic (TRISO) particle fuels. Although these innovative fuel forms are critical for advanced reactor applications, their robust refractory ceramics and coating compositions present significant obstacles to destructive analysis (DA) methods. Ensuring full and quantitative recovery from these particles is essential for accurate mass accountancy. The current study was initiated to address these challenges, first by validating a previously established destructive method developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the quantitative recovery of uranium from TRISO particles and then following that process with uranium content determination through isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and Davies-Gray titration. This study expands on the scope of a digestive method that was developed under the Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification program and is currently implemented in both the Coated Particle Fuel Development Laboratory and Irradiated Fuels Examination Laboratory at ORNL. The success of the previous Advanced Gas Reactor work relied on developing a DA method to evaluate the fabrication process and reactor experiments. The methodology described in this report was designed to rigorously investigate the efficacy of the crush/burn/leach sample preparation of TRISO particles; it aims to quantify uranium recovery while also assessing the effects of TRISO constituents (e.g., silicon and zirconium) on analytical precision and accuracy. By comparing the results from the titration method and IDMS, we sought to determine whether existing analytical procedures accepted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) could be effectively translated to TRISO fuel forms. The team employed an approach that involved processing replicate TRISO samples, optimizing the milling (i.e., crushing) step and performing serial leaches. The elemental composition of the analytical samples was examined to prepare for interference studies in the second year of this project. The integration of gamma spectrometry to verify residual uranium activity further strengthened the validation. Statistical methods were applied to the collected data to evaluate the uncertainties arising from sampling, sample preparation and uranium quantification. These uncertainties were then compared to the IAEA’s international target values (ITVs). Additional data collected in upcoming project work will strengthen the uncertainty estimates. Ultimately, it is hoped that this project will contribute materially to the body of work related to characterization of TRISO based fuels for the purpose of material accountancy and its applications to international safeguards.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Hanford Site Rare Plant Monitoring Report for Calendar Year 2023-2024

This report summarizes rare plant monitoring data collected in calendar years (CY) 2023 through CY 2024 and provides management recommendations accordingly. DOE/RL-2021-35, Central Hanford Rare Plant Management Plan, guides the approach to rare plant monitoring and management at the Hanford Site. In CYs 2023 and 2024, rare plant monitoring efforts occurred on the portion of the Hanford Site managed by the Hanford Field Office (HFO; Figure 1-1), referred to herein as Central Hanford. The goal of monitoring is to collect data to evaluate the conservation status of rare plant species. Surveys conducted in CY 2023 through CY 2024 built on previous monitoring efforts, tracking the abundance and distribution of rare plants at Central Hanford. Results from previous monitoring efforts are included for reference. Monitoring data are submitted to the Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP) to evaluate statewide conservation statuses.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Hanford Site Rare Plant Monitoring Report for Calendar Year 2025

This report summarizes rare plant monitoring data collected in calendar year (CY) 2025 and provides management recommendations accordingly. DOE/RL-2021-35, Central Hanford Rare Plant Management Plan, guides the approach to rare plant monitoring and management at the Hanford Site. In CY 2025, rare plant monitoring efforts occurred on the portion of the Hanford Site managed by the U.S. Department of Energy, Hanford Field Office (HFO; Figure 1-1), referred to herein as Central Hanford. The goal of monitoring is to collect data to evaluate the conservation status of rare plant species. Surveys conducted in CY 2025 built on previous monitoring efforts, tracking the abundance and distribution of rare plants at Central Hanford. Results from previous monitoring efforts are included for reference. Monitoring data are submitted to the Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP), part of the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (WA DNR), to evaluate statewide conservation statuses.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Central Hanford Vernal Pool Monitoring Report for Calendar Year 2025

This report summarizes vernal pool monitoring data collected in calendar year (CY) 2025 and provides management recommendations. Monitoring efforts occurred on the portion of the Hanford Site managed by the U.S. Department of Energy, Hanford Field Office (HFO), referred to herein as Central Hanford. The goal of monitoring is to collect data to evaluate the conservation status of this imperiled habitat. Monitoring in CY 2025 built on previous efforts, as reported in HNF-62115, Ecological Monitoring Report Vernal Pools on the Hanford Site.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterization of Digital Silicon Photomultipliers

Digital Silicon photomultipliers (Digital SiPMs) have become an increasingly viable option for single-photon detection due to their compact size and precise timing and resolution. The following work characterizes the noise performance of a diSiPM designed and tested in-house at Fermilab. The SiPM consists of a 26x32 array of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) cells. Through the implementation of a shift register masking circuit, individual SPAD cells can be enabled and disabled at will, allowing for precise detection measurements of single columns (accumulator channels) and cells. The provided circuit design operates on voltage clock pulses and collects data on clock edges allowing for precise tuning of the data collection process by varying the clock frequency, pulse width, and integration period.

Shoemaker, Oliver [U. Chicago (main)]↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hadron-argon cross-section measurements in ProtoDUNE-SP

The single-phase liquid argon ProtoDUNE detector (ProtoDUNE-SP) is located at CERN’s neutrino platform facility and serves as a prototype to validate the technology for the 10-kton fiducial mass liquid argon detectors for the DUNE experiment. ProtoDUNE-SP was exposed to a variety of test-beam particles (electrons, muons, pions, kaons, and protons) towards the end of 2018 collecting data in a broad range of momenta, from 0.3 - 7 GeV/c. The results will improve the understanding of final-state interactions in neutrino-argon cross-sections. The progress of the analyses towards the cross-section measurements on argon from the test-beam data collected at protoDUNE-SP will be presented.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improving Residential Building Simulations Through Large-Scale Empirical Validation

Residential building energy simulations are increasingly used for energy-efficient building design, codes and standards analysis, home certifications and ratings, utility programs, and technology assessments. Various software tools exist to perform residential building simulations, and these tools often use different models, inputs, and assumptions. This leads to inconsistencies that can undermine confidence in the predicted results. Validation of these tools can increase confidence by ensuring their accuracy and consistency. One way to validate simulation tools is through empirical testing, which compares predicted energy usage to measured utility billing data. This paper describes the process of data collection, data standardization, and empirical validation, and illustrates its use with our residential EnergyPlus (R)-based software. The data and process can be extended to other simulation tools and contribute to improving residential building simulations more broadly.

empirical validation↗
DOE OSTI2026

Energy Leaders: The Catalyst for Strategic Energy Management

This study investigates the crucial role energy leaders play in driving strategic energy management (SEM) and accelerating cost savings within a manufacturing organization and consequently, the industrial sector. Whereas energy efficiency can be seen as an innovative business practice with irrefutable cost benefits, its effective implementation requires strategic leadership and a structured approach. This research analyzes data collected from 120 participants representing 71 companies attending the Energy Bootcamp events organized by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Better Plants program. The collected data focused on the state of SEM implementation, the presence and responsibilities of energy leaders, and the formation and function of energy teams. The findings reveal a significant gap between the perceived importance of SEM and its actual adoption, highlighting the need for strong leadership to drive behavioral changes by championing energy efficiency initiatives. Results indicate that effective energy leaders possess a diverse skill set, including the ability to secure top management buy-in, foster a culture of energy consciousness, and collaborate across departments. This study emphasizes the importance of empowering energy leaders with clearly defined roles and responsibilities as well as the authority to build and lead cross-functional energy teams. Furthermore, integrating energy management into existing organizational structures and leveraging readily available resources are identified as key factors for successful implementation. This research underscores how dedicated leadership and effective SEM practices help achieve industrial energy efficiency goals, providing practical insights for organizations seeking to improve performance and contribute to a resilient future.

energy leader↗
DOE OSTI2022

Watershed zonation through hillslope clustering for tractably quantifying above- and below-ground watershed heterogeneity and functions

Abstract. In this study, we develop a watershed zonation approach for characterizing watershed organization and functions in a tractable manner by integrating multiple spatial data layers. We hypothesize that (1) a hillslope is an appropriate unit for capturing the watershed-scale heterogeneity of key bedrock-through-canopy properties and for quantifying the co-variability of these properties representing coupled ecohydrological and biogeochemical interactions, (2) remote sensing data layers and clustering methods can be used to identify watershed hillslope zones having the unique distributions of these properties relative to neighboring parcels, and (3) property suites associated with the identified zones can be used to understand zone-based functions, such as response to early snowmelt or drought and solute exports to the river. We demonstrate this concept using unsupervised clustering methods that synthesize airborne remote sensing data (lidar, hyperspectral, and electromagnetic surveys) along with satellite and streamflow data collected in the East River Watershed, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA. Results show that (1) we can define the scale of hillslopes at which the hillslope-averaged metrics can capture the majority of the overall variability in key properties (such as elevation, net potential annual radiation, and peak snow-water equivalent – SWE), (2) elevation and aspect are independent controls on plant and snow signatures, (3) near-surface bedrock electrical resistivity (top 20 m) and geological structures are significantly correlated with surface topography and plan species distribution, and (4) K-means, hierarchical clustering, and Gaussian mixture clustering methods generate similar zonation patterns across the watershed. Using independently collected data, we show that the identified zones provide information about zone-based watershed functions, including foresummer drought sensitivity and river nitrogen exports. The approach is expected to be applicable to other sites and generally useful for guiding the selection of hillslope-experiment locations and informing model parameterization.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Soil Moisture Data for TRACER project (Houston, TX)

Three soil moisture and metrological data collection sites are located in the Houston, TX, area and collect data every 5 minutes. The data includes soil moisture, volumetric wate content, electrical conductivity of soil, soil temperature, rain precipitation, air temperature and other parameters. For real-time streaming of the data please visit the website: https://coastal.beg.utexas.edu/soilmoisture/#!/

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Orthoimagery and Shapefiles Documenting Pre- and Post-August 2019 Slope Disturbances, Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2018-2019

This dataset was derived from UAS aerial photos and dGPS data collected at the Teller mile marker 47 site in 2018 and 2019 and used to support research quantifying the timing and rate of surface movements and analyze soil transport process in Arctic landscapes. In July 2018, a Phantom uncrewed aerial system (UAS) collected >6800 high resolution aerial photos of the lower portion of the Teller 47 watershed (see for raw photos; pending archive NGA281). During the UAS survey, 25 x 25 cm tile ground control points (GCPs) were laid out and secured with one rebar rod in the center. The four corners and rebar tops were surveyed with differential GPS, and these coordinates were used to construct and validate an orthomosaic of the site. These points were resurveyed in August 2019 and used to track annual movement. Changes in position between the two surveys are reported in (Lathrop et al. 2022; NGA254). Agisoft Metashape photogrammetry software was used to construct a georeferenced orthomosaic image (*.tif file) of a portion (0.68 km2) of the watershed with a final resolution of ~1 cm. Manual delineation of the perimeters of failures visible in the UAS imagery (*.tif files) was conducted to create shapefile polygons (two *.zip files). The failures were identified by the exposure of bare mineral soils, which were made visible by disruption of the overlying tundra vegetation. The shapefiles were then used to analyse the topographic distribution and sizes of the failures. In August 2019 an additional ~300 georeferenced UAS images of slope instability features were collected (data pending submission) and compared with the 2018 orthomosaic. Overview maps of the failure locations included as a *.pdf.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1974

Delta-102 Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS-A): Operations summary

The Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS) program is a joint effort of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Commerce. This program is intended to provide systematic worldwide weather coverage on an operational basis. The pilot SMS program is expected to launch three spacecraft: two prototype spacecraft designated SMS-A and SMS-B and one operational spacecraft designated SMS-C. The SMS program will use spacecraft in synchronous orbit to obtain day and night information on the earth's weather by means of earth imaging instruments, retransmission of image data, data collection, data relay, and space environmental monitoring.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1973

The Synchronous Meteorological Satellite /SMS/ system

Description of the fundamental design criteria and operational features of the spacecraft subsystems and ground facilities comprising the SMS program. The main objectives of the program are to provide day and night information on the earth's weather by means of earth imaging, retransmission of imaged data, data collection, data relay, and space environment monitoring. Attention is given to the launch and orbital station-keeping functions, onboard sensors used to provide remote imagery, data transmission from the satellite to command and regional ground stations, and examples of meteorological services resulting from use of this satellite.

Fordyce, D. V.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Drop dynamics

The drop dynamics module is a Spacelab-compatible acoustic positioning and control system for conducting drop dynamics experiments in space. It consists basically of a chamber, a drop injector system, an acoustic positioning system, and a data collection system. The principal means of collecting data is by a cinegraphic camera. The drop is positioned in the center of the chamber by forces created by standing acoustic waves generated in the nearly cubical chamber (about 12 cm on a side). The drop can be spun or oscillated up to fission by varying the phse and amplitude of the acoustic waves. The system is designed to perform its experiments unattended, except for start-up and shutdown events and other unique events that require the attention of the Spacelab payload specialist.

Elleman, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Automation of surface observations program

At present, surface weather observing methods are still largely manual and labor intensive. Through the nationwide implementation of Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS), this situation can be improved. Two ASOS capability levels are planned. The first is a basic-level system which will automatically observe the weather parameters essential for aviation operations and will operate either with or without supplemental contributions by an observer. The second is a more fully automated, stand-alone system which will observe and report the full range of weather parameters and will operate primarily in the unattended mode. Approximately 250 systems are planned by the end of the decade. When deployed, these systems will generate the standard hourly and special long-line transmitted weather observations, as well as provide continuous weather information direct to airport users. Specific ASOS configurations will vary depending upon whether the operation is unattended, minimally attended, or fully attended. The major functions of ASOS are data collection, data processing, product distribution, and system control. The program phases of development, demonstration, production system acquisition, and operational implementation are described.

Short, Steve E.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Comparison of measured and modeled radiation, heat and water vapor fluxes: FIFE pilot study

The primary objectives of the 1985 study were to test the feasibility of using radio frequency receivers to collect data from automated weather stations and to evaluate the use of the data collected by the automated weather stations for modeling the fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and radiation over wheat. The model Cupid was used to calculate these fluxes which were compared with fluxes of these entities measured using micrometeorological techniques. The primary objectives of the 1986 study were to measure and model reflected and emitted radiation streams at a few locations within the First International Satellite Land-Surface Climatology Project Field Experiment (FIFE) site and to compare modeled and measured latent heat and sensible heat fluxes from the prairie vegetation.

Blad, Blaine L.↗