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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS2022

Environmental Justice Needs-Assessment For Health & Air Quality: Assessing the Needs and Capacity of Organizations Working Towards Health and Environmental Justice Related to Health and Air Quality

Health and air quality are concerns in environmental justice (EJ) work, as air contaminants and their adverse health effects inequitably impact communities that are often underrepresented in research and litigation. Previously, the NASA DEVELOP National Program partnered with organizations that focus on a variety of health and air quality concerns and is now committed to partnering directly with EJ organizations to address inequities in health and air quality through the application of Earth observations. To support the establishment of future partnerships, DEVELOP is working to identify potential partners for further EJ research in the U.S. regarding health and air quality. This project conducted a needs assessment with EJ organizations to quantify their EJ involvement, geospatial capacity, and interest in collaborating with DEVELOP. A broad literature review identified multiple factors influencing health and air quality for potential DEVELOP projects: agriculture, heat, wildfires, industry and transportation infrastructure, and miscellaneous factors (e.g., burning, urban heat island effect, smoke plumes, truck exhaust, and noise). The needs assessment showed that 22% of the organizations interviewed were primarily concerned with transportation infrastructure, 21% with industry, 19% with heat, 10% with miscellaneous factors (e.g., resource mining, COVID-19), 8% with wildfires, 7% with agriculture, and 6% with resource mining. This will help inform the DEVELOP Program's pursuit of EJ projects relating to health and air quality. The team also created a directory for communities impacted by air pollutants to connect with geospatial resources and NASA Applied Sciences personnel for future EJ health and air quality work.

Elizabeth Duran↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Keywords for All People: How Keyword Governance and Coordination with the NASA ESDIS Standards Coordination Office (ESCO) Improves GCMD Keywords for Discuvery and Use

The Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Keywords, initiated over twenty years ago, are a hierarchical set of controlled Earth Science vocabularies that help ensure Earth science data, services, and variables are described in a consistent and comprehensive manner and allow for the precise searching of metadata and subsequent retrieval of data, services, and variables. GCMD keywords are periodically analyzed for relevancy and will continue to be refined and expanded in response to user needs. The periodic analysis is a result of successful coordination with the ESDIS Standards Coordination Office (ESCO), which is responsible for standards activities across ESDIS, and assists with providing valuable stakeholder and subject matter expert (SME) feedback on GCMD vocabularies. The ESCO is also turning to the GCMD to discuss how the keyword review process can be improved and more streamlined. In addition to the ESCO, keyword requests and feedback are also received through the GCMD Keyword Forum.

Tyler Stevens↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Fostering Open Science in Earth Data Science Research: Insights From Earthdata Forum By ASDC

In the dynamic landscape of Earth Science research, the promotion of open science principles is paramount for advancing knowledge and collaboration. The Earthdata Forum is an actively maintained and operational user forum for all participating National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs), and the Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). The Forum serves as a cross-DAAC platform from which user communities can obtain authoritative information relating to NASA Earth Science. This abstract explores the role of the Earthdata Forum forum.earthdata.nasa.gov as a pivotal platform in fostering open science within the Earth Science community. The platform serves as a hub for researchers to actively engage in discussions, share datasets, and collaboratively tackle challenges in the field. Key aspects discussed include the platform's contribution to data accessibility, collaboration, and knowledge sharing. Forum.earthdata.nasa.gov provides a space where researchers transparently ask questions, discuss methodologies, share insights, and seek advice from a vibrant community. The resulting collaborative environment not only facilitates the exchange of ideas but also bolsters the collective knowledge base.

Earthdata FORUM↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Discovering Research Areas in Dataset Applications Through Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models

Scientific datasets are increasingly cited in peer-reviewed journal publications, facilitating easy access to research utilizing those datasets. Datasets undergo a life cycle where older versions of datasets are replaced by newer versions often due to improvements in data resolution, algorithms, and other factors. Unlike peer reviewed documents registered with a single Digital Unique Identifier (DOI), datasets can be updated over time and the newer version of the datasets are registered with a new DOI which is not necessarily linked to the previous version of the dataset. It is challenging when publications citing a dataset need to be traced over the entire life cycle of that dataset. We provide an innovative approach to link the dataset versions and publications using a knowledge graph (KG). KG can help to trace the dataset cited in publications over the entire dataset life cycle and shed light into dataset usage in various applied research areas. We fine-tuned the pretrained NASA IMPACTINDUS Large Language Model (LLM) on a set of labeled publications abstracts. Our results showed that 87% of the publications were classified into one of twenty applied research areas, while the remaining 13% were classified into non-applied research areas. By linking datasets to applied research areas through the KG and employing Global Change Master Directory(GCMD), a well-established controlled vocabulary of scientific keywords describing Earth science datasets, we contribute to a transparent and advanced search and discovery mechanism for datasets across the Earth data ecosystem. The integrated KG and LLM approach is now incorporated and operational in dataset publication management at one of NASA’s Earth science data archival centers.

data provenance↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Simplifying Analysis of Hierarchical HDF5 and NetCDF4 Files with Xarray-Datatree

NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) contains thousands of Earth science datasets from satellites, models, and field campaigns. EOSDIS data are stored in formats that are well supported by the Earth Science community. These formats include the Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), with derivative flavors such as HDF-5 and the Network Common Data Format (NetCDF-4). The HDF specification allows for a directory-like hierarchy within a single file, known as "groups". Observational data and associated metadata within a single file can be distributed amongst multiple internal groups, which can also be nested to multiple levels. Working with datasets that have a group hierarchical structure can be difficult because of the nested structure of groups. Widely used packages, such as xarray, have data models that do not accommodate the hierarchical structure within HDF files, requiring users to traverse the file and open different HDF groups as separate, unrelated objects. Xarray-datatree is a Python package developed to solve the difficulty of traversing HDFs with a hierarchical group structure by creating a tree-like hierarchical data structure in xarray. The tree-like structure allows each group to be accessed once a DataTree object is instantiated. The migration of xarray-datatree into the xarray core library will reduce barriers to accessing Earth science data by eliminating the need to understand and traverse the specific hierarchy of a grouped HDF file.

Eni Awowale↗

DOE OSTI2012

VOLTTRON: An Agent Execution Platform for the Electric Power System

Volttron is an agent execution platform that is engineered for use in the electric power system. Volttron provides resource guarantees for agents and the platform including memory and processor utilization; authentication and authorization services; directory services for agent and resource location; and agent mobility. Unlike most other agent platforms, Volttron does not depend on a single agent authoring language. Instead, we chose to design and implement Volttron as a platform service and framework that is decoupled from the agent execution environment. A prototype implementation of Volttron has been written in Python (using Python v2.7.2) and we have executed agents written in Python and Java and as shell scripts. The intended use of Volttron is in the power distribution system for managing distributed generation, demand-response, and plug-in electric vehicles.

Multi-Agent Systems↗

DOE OSTI2011

The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs Phoenix, Arizona, Roundtable Summary

The Phoenix, Arizona, Roundtable on Tribal Energy Policy convened at 8:30 a.m., Tuesday, April 5th, at the downtown Phoenix Hyatt. The meeting was hosted by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs (DOE Office of Indian Energy) and facilitated by the Udall Foundation’s U.S. Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution (U.S. Institute). Approximately thirty-eight people attended the meeting, including representatives of ten different tribes, as well as representatives of the Colorado Indian Tribes, the All Indian Pueblo Council and the Inter-Tribal Council of Arizona. Interested state, federal, university, NGO and industry representatives also were present. A full list of attendees is at the end of this summary. DOE representatives were Tracey LeBeau, Directory of the DOE Office of Indian Energy, Pilar Thomas, Deputy Director-Policy of the DOE Office of Indian Energy, and David Conrad, Director of Tribal and Intergovernmental Affairs, DOE Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs.

Phoenix, Arizona, Tribal Energy, education, capaci↗

DOE OSTI2014

Improving Motor and Drive System Performance – A Sourcebook for Industry

This sourcebook outlines opportunities to improve motor and drive systems performance. The sourcebook is divided into four main sections: (1) Motor and Drive System Basics: Summarizes important terms, relationships, and system design considerations relating to motor and drive systems. (2) Performance Opportunity Road Map: Details the key components of well-functioning motor and drive systems and opportunities for energy performance opportunities. (3) Motor System Economics: Offers recommendations on how to propose improvement projects based on corporate priorities, efficiency gains, and financial payback periods. (4) Where to Find Help: Provides a directory of organizations associated with motors and drives, as well as resources for additional information, tools, software, videos, and training opportunities.

AMO, motors, motor systems↗

DOE OSTI2012

Kona

Script to create operating system images in a directory from RPMs using the commands rpm or YUM.

D'Hooge, T.↗

DOE OSTI2013

Automated Nuclear Data Test Suite

Provides python routines to create a database of test problems in a user-defined directory tree, to query the database using user-defined parameters, to generate a list of test urns, to automatically run with user-defined particle transport codes. Includes natural isotope abundance data, and a table of benchmark effective for fast critical assemblies. Does not include input decks, cross-section libraries, or particle transport codes.

Source record↗

DOE OSTI2014

Introduction to Cyber Technologies exercise environment

Exercise environment for Introduction to Cyber Technologies class. This software is essentially a collection of short scripts, configuration files, and small executables that form the exercise component of the Sandia Cyber Technologies Academy's Introduction to Cyber Technologies class. It builds upon other open-source technologies, such as Debian Linux and minimega, to provide comprehensive Linux and networking exercises that make learning these topics exciting and fun. Sample exercises: a pre-built set of home directories the student must navigate through to learn about privilege escalation, the creation of a virtual network playground designed to teach the student about the resiliency of the Internet, and a two-hour Capture the Flag challenge for the final lesson. There are approximately thirty (30) exercises included for the students to complete as part of the course.

Source record↗

DOE OSTI2015

Cantera and Cantera Electrolyte Thermodynamics Objects

Cantera is a suite of object-oriented software tools for problems involving chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and/or transport processes. It is a multi-organizational effort to create and formulate high quality 0D and 1D constitutive modeling tools for reactive transport codes.Institutions involved with the effort include Sandia, MIT, Colorado School of Mines, U. Texas, NASA, and Oak Ridge National Labs. Specific to Sandia's contributions, the Cantera Electrolyte Thermo Objects (CETO) packages is comprised of add-on routines for Cantera that handle electrolyte thermochemistry and reactions within the overall Cantera package. Cantera is a C++ Cal Tech code that handles gas phase species transport, reaction, and thermodynamics. With this addition, Cantera can be extended to handle problems involving liquid phase reactions and transport in electrolyte systems, and phase equilibrium problemsinvolving concentrated electrolytes and gas/solid phases. A full treatment of molten salt thermodynamics and transport has also been implemented in CETO. The routines themselves consist of .cpp and .h files containing C++ objects that are derived from parent Cantera objects representing thermodynamic functions. They are linked unto the main Cantera libraries when requested by the user. As an addendum to the main thermodynamics objects, several utility applications are provided. The first is multiphase Gibbs free energy minimizer based on the vcs algorithm, called vcs_cantera. This code allows for the calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium in multiple phases at constant temperature and pressure. Note, a similar code capability exists already in Cantera. This version follows the same algorithm, but gas a different code-base starting point, and is used as a research tool for algorithm development. The second program, cttables, prints out tables of thermodynamic and kinetic information for thermodynamic and kinetic objects within Cantera. This program serves as a "Get the numbers out" utility for Cantera, and as such it is very useful as a verification tool. These add-on utilities are encapsulated into a directory structure named cantera_apps, whose installation uses autoconf and also utilizes Cantera's application environment (i.e., they utilize Cantera as a library).

John Hewson, Harry Moffat↗

DOE OSTI2011

Characterization and Analysis of Networked Array of Sensors for Event Detection (CANARY-EDS)

CANARY -EDS provides probabilistic event detection based on analysis of time-series data from water quality or other sensors. CANARY also can compare patterns against a library of previously seen data to indicate that a certain pattern has reoccurred, suppressing what would otherwise be considered an event. CANARY can be configured to analyze previously recorded data from files or databases, or it can be configured to run in real-time mode directory from a database, or through the US EPA EDDIES software.

Source record↗

DOE OSTI2016

Exploring Windows Domain-Level Defenses Against Authentication Attacks

We investigated the security resilience of the current Windows Active Directory (AD) environments to Pass-the-Hash and Pass- the-Ticket credential theft attacks. While doing this, we discovered a way to trigger the removal of all previously issued authentication credentials for a client, thus preventing their use by attackers. After triggered, the user is forced to contact the domain administrators and to authenticate to the AD to continue. This could become the basis for a response that arrests the spread of a detected attack. Operating in a virtualized XenServer environment, we were able to carefully determine and recreate the conditions necessary to cause this response.

Curtis, Laura↗

DOE OSTI2017

MarFS, a Near-POSIX Interface to Cloud Objects

The engineering forces driving development of “cloud” storage have produced resilient, cost-effective storage systems that can scale to 100s of petabytes, with good parallel access and bandwidth. These features would make a good match for the vast storage needs of High-Performance Computing datacenters, but cloud storage gains some of its capability from its use of HTTP-style Representational State Transfer (REST) semantics, whereas most large datacenters have legacy applications that rely on POSIX file-system semantics. MarFS is an open-source project at Los Alamos National Laboratory that allows us to present cloud-style object-storage as a scalable near-POSIX file system. We have also developed a new storage architecture to improve bandwidth and scalability beyond what’s available in commodity object stores, while retaining their resilience and economy. Additionally, we present a scheme for scaling the POSIX interface to allow billions of files in a single directory and trillions of files in total.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2017

Maestro Workflow Conductor

MaestroWF is a Python tool and software package for loading YAML study specifications that represents a simulation campaign. The package is capable of parameterizing a study, pulling dependencies automatically, formatting output directories, and managing the flow and execution of the campaign. MaestroWF also provides a set of abstracted objects that can also be used to develop user specific scripts for launching simulation campaigns.

Di Natale, Francesco↗

DOE OSTI2016

AutoSIM

AutoSIM enables several instances of an executable to run in parallel on a directory of input files and consolidate results, at scale on the world's fastest supercomputers. The software accomplishes this by balancing compression, transmission, and computation of input files, executables, and output files to allow scalable parallel runs of any executable. The software breaks-up simulations into a configurable number of "churns" or sequential instances of executable invocations on a configurable number of cores/node. It sends the executable, supporting files, and appropriate number of input files to each node for independent execution, and then transfers the executable results to a shared disk for post-processing analysis. This MPI-based code has been demonstrated using EnergyPlus, DOE's flagship whole-building simulation engine, but was architected to allow scalable runtime of any software for any application (e.g. sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification). The code has also been demonstrated to scale on the Titan supercomputer using 131,072 processors to run 524,288 EnergyPlus annual simulations, and write 45TB of data to disk in 68 mins 08 secs.

New, Joshua R↗

DOE OSTI2018

Fairchilde Puppet Environment

The software creates a minimal directory organization structure and data isolation methods so that groups and projects are differentiated and isolated by levels in the hierarchy naming schemes. It also allows various versions of Puppet server and client to be used by different groups and projects so that groups can maintain their own upgrade and patching schedules without introducing breaking changes and unnecessary service outages to other groups using the framework.

Campfield, Michael P↗