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FINAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT Southwest United States of America – Distributed Technology Training Consortia (SWUSA-DTTC) Contract Number: DE-EE0006339

The Southwest United States of America – Distributed Technology Training Consortia (SWUSA-DTTC) leveraged the highest concentration of renewable resources in the U.S. as well as operation of the leading independent microgrid installations and other distributed technologies to collect and analyze real-time data streams, advance power system simulations and analysis, identify educational and training gaps and develop solutions-focused curricula. The SWUSA-DTTC consortium posed a unique collaboration between universities and utilities to ensure that classes were focused on subjects and topics of interest to the utilities and ones that had practical benefit related to the preparedness for accommodating high penetration of solar and other distributed energy technologies. This approach to have a close collaboration and shared effort to develop the course content and curriculum is unique and a significant departure from conventional course development. This coursework and training was intended to endure over a long time horizon (10-20 year time frame), and include professionals over the entire Southwest region and the rest of the US, and even outreach into foreign countries. Project Objectives In order to support the increase in power systems research, development, and analytical capacity, the SWUSA-DTTC brought together respected professors in Power Systems education, student/professor research and development, and valuable industry and utility experience. Through this program, the partnered universities created and/or modified existing curricula available to students and professionals in the form of university courses, short courses, videos, consortia-led training, and online materials. During this time, the supporting vendors and utilities provided the SWUSA-DTTC with technical advisory roles as well as providing input and feedback in terms of utility and related energy industry needs. The goals were to create power and energy systems training, curricula, and workforce preparedness through the inclusion of data collection and analysis, power systems expertise, and application-specific training activities which build on fundamental principles, modeling and simulation tools, field-immersed training and methods of performance validation. The outcome of the program was to result in better prepared and greater number of graduates ready to contribute to the field of power systems which depend upon the safe, reliable and efficient generation sources which make up an increasingly diverse mix of renewable power. Additionally, the program was to deliver critical training modules which are intended to support mid-career professionals and be woven into utility training programs used all over the country. Discontinuation Summary On September 29, 2014, Electricore received notice of discontinuation of federal funding under subject Award DE-EE0006339. DOE’s notice of discontinuation was the first indication provided to Electricore that the work completed against Task 1 - Program Planning and Evaluation during Budget Period 1 was inadequate. Significantly, the discontinuation was based in large part on the erroneous assertion that many of the tasks were incomplete as indicated in the Continuation Application. However, the Continuation Application was submitted July 29, 2014, while the period of performance for this last quarter in Budget Period 1 did not end until September 30, 2014. Accordingly, the performance for this last quarter in Budget Period 1 will be reported in the upcoming Quarterly Report which is not due until October 30, 2014. Nevertheless, in response to DOE’s letter and in further support of Electricore’s Continuation Application, we are providing a detailed status demonstrating adherence to all program requirements for each Task 1, Budget Period 1 SOPO activity and milestones in response to the DOE review.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Final Technical Report for Contract No. DE-EE0006332, "Integrated Simulation Development and Decision Support Tool-Set for Utility Market and Distributed Solar Power Generation"

This project will enable utilities to develop long-term strategic plans that integrate high levels of renewable energy generation, and to better plan power system operations under high renewable penetration. The program developed forecast data streams for decision support and effective integration of centralized and distributed solar power generation in utility operations. This toolset focused on real time simulation of distributed power generation within utility grids with the emphasis on potential applications in day ahead (market) and real time (reliability) utility operations. The project team developed and demonstrated methodologies for quantifying the impact of distributed solar generation on core utility operations, identified protocols for internal data communication requirements, and worked with utility personnel to adapt the new distributed generation (DG) forecasts seamlessly within existing Load and Generation procedures through a sophisticated DMS. This project supported the objectives of the SunShot Initiative and SUNRISE by enabling core utility operations to enhance their simulation capability to analyze and prepare for the impacts of high penetrations of solar on the power grid. The impact of high penetration solar PV on utility operations is not only limited to control centers, but across many core operations. Benefits of an enhanced DMS using state-of-the-art solar forecast data were demonstrated within this project and have had an immediate direct operational cost savings for Energy Marketing for Day Ahead generation commitments, Real Time Operations, Load Forecasting (at an aggregate system level for Day Ahead), Demand Response, Long term Planning (asset management), Distribution Operations, and core ancillary services as required for balancing and reliability. This provided power system operators with the necessary tools and processes to operate the grid in a reliable manner under high renewable penetration.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

STEVENSON-WYDLER (15 USC 3710) COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT No. JSA 2009S007 BETWEEN Jefferson ScienceAssociates, LLC under its U.S.Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC05-060R23 177 AND Black Laboratories, L.L.C.

The Cooperative Research and Development agreement, No. JSA 2009S00 resulted in collaborations and conference participations on research topics related to high purity (RRR) niobium applications for superconducting radio frequency cavities used by Jefferson Lab. Documented results were shown in Reports and Publications listed below. Reports were issued to The Commonwealth of Virginia, Center for Innovative Technology; to ATI Wah-Chang and several publications were produced with DESY in Hamburg, Germany, with Jefferson Lab and with Christopher Newport University.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Investment Grade Audit for Service Performance Contracting: First Steps Toward Developing Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency on Tribal Lands

The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe (Band) performed an investment grade audit (IGA) to identify energy conservation measures to increase energy efficiency in 22 of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe’s worst performing government buildings. With this IGA the Band identified energy control measures to reduce our energy use by 2,728,278 kW/year. The funding also provided for the drafting and printing of the Band’s Sustainability Energy Portfolio.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Accomplishments of Sandia and Kitware CMake/CTest/CDash Contract for (FY2017-2020)

We describe the accomplishments jointly achieved by Kitware and Sandia over the fiscal years 2016 through 2020 to benefit the Advanced Scientific Computed (ASC) Advanced Technology Development and Mitigation (ATDM) project. As a result of our collaboration, we have improved the Trilinos and ATDM application developer experience by decreasing the time to build, making it easier to identify and resolve build and test defects, and addressing other issues . We have also reduced the turnaround time for continuous integration (CI) results. For example, the combined improvements likely cut the wall clock time to run automated builds of Trilinos posting to CDash by approximately 6x or more in many cases. We primarily achieved these benefits by contributing changes to the Kitware CMake/CTest/CDash suite of open source software development support tools. As a result, ASC developers can now spend more time improving code and less time chasing bugs. And, without this work, one can argue that the stabilization of Trilinos for the ATDM platforms would not have been feasible which would have had a large negative impact on an important internal FY20 L1 milestone.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Stockham Waste Management Contract SOW

Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) is a multi-program Research and Development Facility, owned by the Department of Energy (DOE) and operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company (LMC). Sandia waste management operations include radioactive and mixed waste and hazardous waste (including classified and explosive). Waste management activities include managing and characterizing the waste, completing waste disposal requests, and providing guidance on sorting, packaging, & storing wastes, preparing all necessary disposal request documents, and/or recycling, maintaining accurate records, help the line organizations in assuring the compliance of all waste management activities, and preparing compliance-related documentation. Additional contaminants may include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), asbestos, and beryllium. Some radioactive and hazardous waste may also be managed as classified waste.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

8 Ft Vessel Refinishing Contract Introduction [Slides]

LANL utilizes spherical vessels for numerous basic science, materials, and system performance experiments. The 8 ft vessel was fabricated in the early 2000s to ASME B&PVC Section VIII Division 1 using HSLA-100 material. This vessel was not used operationally due to programmatic change in direction. Years of improper maintenance and storage has resulted in deterioration of sealing surfaces and bolt hole threads. New mission needs call for expanded capabilities in terms of vessel sizes, therefore refinishing the 8ft vessel is crucial.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Final Report in Response to ARPA-E Contract Award Number DE-AR0001157

Autonomous operations and maintenance (O&M) by robots has been identified as a key technology to facilitate both the safe operation, and reduced operational costs associated with future nuclear reactors. Radiation and thermal environments, particularly associated with molten salt reactor designs, excludes the use of human proximity and so there is a need to train robots for tasks that have not yet been fully identified, or for accidents that may occur in the future. This program sought to develop a generic methodology that could be applied to train ‘any’ robot, to perform ‘any’ task, through the use of machine learning (ML) training performed in a virtual reality (VR) environment that simulates the physically perceived task(s). The VR environment allows us to construct ‘any’ future task and the ML approach, which included reinforcement learning (RL), allowed us to generate extensive data sets that can be used to establish control algorithms to thereby control the physical robot in the physical environment.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

Securing Digital Energy Infrastructure: Procurement, Contracting, and Supply Chain Risk Management Guidance

Recognizing the scale of this industry challenge, the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) Grid Deployment Office (GDO) and Cybersecurity Energy Security & Emergency Response office have launched a multi-year BESS supply chain security initiative to identify consequence-driven approaches to addressing BESS supply chain security and provide resources to support prioritization of supply chain security efforts associated with the procurement of BESS equipment and services. This guide is one element of the supporting resources to be provided and sets forth a framework and guidance for procurement bidding, selection, risk analysis, and agreements stakeholders can implement to mitigate cybersecurity risks across the entirety of battery system component ecosystem, including the interconnected software and hardware required for control and monitoring BESSs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗