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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Supramolecular assembly of molecular wires alternating crown ethers and metal–halide complexes

Metal–halide complexes serve as key emissive centres in halide perovskites; however, precise control over their spatial organization through bottom-up assembly is challenging. Here we show that a crown-ether-assisted supramolecular assembly strategy can alternatingly connect metal–halide complexes and (crown ether@A) 2+ (where ‘A’ is an alkaline earth metal cation) complexes into a one-dimensional molecular wire, which can then be packed into a hexagonal crystal structure. This process resulted in the creation of an (18C6@Ba)MnBr 4 single crystal with green emission, achieving over 80% photoluminescence quantum yield and a narrow full width at half maximum. In addition, the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure gave rise to strong nonlinear optical responses, including second-harmonic generation. This versatile supramolecular assembly approach could be generalized to create various [M(I)X 2 ] − , [M(I)X 3 ] 2− , [M(II)X 4 ] 2− and [M(III)X 5 ] 2− molecular wires, broadening the potential for diverse emission colours and distinct optical properties. This strategy provides a general design principle for constructing supramolecular metal–halide building blocks with diverse optical functionalities.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Mechanism of enhanced critical fields and critical current densities of MgB2 wires with C/Dy$^{2}$O3 co-additions

A series of monofilamentary powder-in-tube MgB2 wires were fabricated with 2 mol. % C doping and co-additions of 0–3 wt. % Dy2O3. Irreversibility fields (μ0Hirr), upper critical fields (μ0Hc2), and transport critical currents were measured, and from these quantities, anisotropies (γ) and electronic diffusivities (Dπ,σ) were estimated. The addition of 1 wt. % Dy2O3 to already optimally C-doped MgB2 wires produced higher Hc2//ab, Hc2//c, and Hirr values at 4.2 K. In addition, the critical current density, Jc, increased with Dy2O3 concentration up to 1 wt. % where non-barrier Jc reached 4.35 × 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, 10 T. At higher temperatures, for example, 20 K and 5 T, co-additions of 2 mol. % C and 2 wt. % Dy2O3 improved non-barrier Jc by 40% and 93% compared to 2 and 3 mol. % C doping, respectively. On the other hand, measurements of Tc showed that C/Dy2O3 co-additions increase interband scattering rates at a lower rate than C doping does (assuming C doping levels giving similar levels of low-T μ0Hc2 increase as co-addition). Comparisons to a two-band model for μ0Hc2 in MgB2 allowed us to conclude that the increases in Hc2//ab, Hc2//c, and Hirr (as well as concomitant increases in high-field Jc) with Dy2O3 addition are consistent with increases primarily in intraband scattering. This suggests C/Dy2O3 co-addition to be a more promising candidate for improving non-barrier Jc of MgB2 at temperatures above 20 K.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Axial confinement of wire array Z-pinch precursor plasmas by a pulsed magnetic mirror field

A novel wire-array Z-pinch platform has been developed to study the effect of a pulsed magnetic mirror field on a collisional high energy density plasma. The mirror is driven in series with the Z-pinch target and, therefore, scales with driver current. Axial confinement is observed based on visible imaging and axial flow velocity measurements. The presence of axial compressing J xB force is determined indirectly based on Thomson scattering and interferometry measurements and corroborated by three-dimensional extended-MHD simulations. Compared to non-magnetized wire array Z-pinch, a modified pulsed mirror configuration is observed to increase precursor plasma thermal energy density by about 30%. If optimized, such a configuration could potentially improve magnetized liner inertial fusion performance by reducing axial plasma end loss.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Directional, joule per steradian THz pulses from multi-joule laser irradiation of wires

We report on THz pulses with energy flux exceeding 2.5 J/sr and high directionality, generated from picosecond, joule laser irradiation of microwires. The impact of wire diameter, length, and laser irradiation orientation is explored with the irradiation of 160 μm diameter, 750 μm, sharpened wires at the dull base found to produce the highest energy and shortest wavelength THz pulses among the targets tested. A traveling wave antenna combined with coherent transition radiation model is developed to explain the emission pattern, pulse energy, and spectrum seen.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Coupled Monte Carlo Transport and Conjugate Heat Transfer for Wire-Wrapped Bundles Within the MOOSE Framework

Cardinal is an open-source application that couples OpenMC Monte Carlo transport and NekRS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), closing neutronics and thermal-fluid gaps in conducting high-resolution multiscale and multiphysics analyses of nuclear systems. We first provide a brief introduction to Cardinal's software design, data mapping, and coupling strategy to highlight our approach to overcoming common challenges in high-fidelity multiphysics simulations. Here we then present two Cardinal simulations for hexagonal pin bundles. The first is a validation of Cardinal's conjugate heat transfer coupling of NekRS's Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes model with MOOSE's heat conduction physics for a bare seven-pin Freon-12 bundle flow experiment. Predictions for pin surface temperatures under three different heating modes agree reasonably well with experimental data and similar CFD modeling from the literature. The second simulation is a multiphysics coupling of OpenMC, NekRS, and BISON for a reduced-scale, seven-pin wire-wrapped version of an Advanced Burner Reactor bundle. Wire wraps are approximated using a momentum source model, and coupled predictions are provided for velocity, temperature, and power distribution.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Probing shock dynamics inside micro-wire targets after high-intensity laser irradiation using small angle x-ray scattering of a free-electron laser

In this paper, we present an experiment that explores the plasma dynamics of a 7μm diameter carbon wire after being irradiated with a near-relativistic-intensity short pulse laser. Using an x-ray free electron laser pulse to measure the small angle x-ray scattering signal, we observe that the scattering surface is bent and prone to instability over tens of picoseconds. The dynamics of this process are consistent with the presence of a sharp, propagating shock front inside the wire, moving at a speed close to the hole boring velocity or that expected from a thermal shock at a few tens of Mbar.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Test of Superconducting Wires and Rutherford Cables With High Specific Heat

High-field accelerator magnets made of state-of-the-art Nb 3 Sn Rutherford cables demonstrate relatively long trainings due to sudden heat depositions originated by thermo-mechanical perturbations in the magnet coils. Coil sensitivity to these perturbations can be reduced by increasing the specific heat, Cp, of major coil components - strands, or whole cable, or epoxy. The R&D on all these three approaches is in progress. This paper studies feasibility of increasing the Cp of Rutherford-type cables by using a thin composite Cu/Gd 2 O 3 tape. The tape can be either wrapped around the cable, placed on the cable wide faces under the insulation, and/or inserted as a core. In this work, Cu/Gd 2 O 3 ribbons with ~30% of Gd 2 O 3 powder and two different thicknesses were produced by Hyper Tech Research, Inc. Wire and cable samples outfitted with these high-Cp ribbons, or tapes, were prepared and tested at FNAL for the Minimum Quench Energy (MQE). At 80%Ic, the MQE gain average over the tested magnetic field range of the NbTi cable with high-Cp tape on both sides was ~1.3. The MQE gain average of the NbTi wire wrapped with the high-Cp ribbon was 3.1.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Minimum Quench Energy of Nb 3 Sn Wires With High Specific Heat Tape

A major problem of state-of-the-art Nb3Snaccelerator magnets is their long training due to thermo-mechanical perturbations. Increasing the specific heat, Cp, of the Rutherford cable would reduce and/or eliminate training by limiting the coils temperature rise. This paper studies feasibility of increasing the Cp of Rutherford-type cables by using thin composite Cu/Gd 2 O 3 and Cu/Gd 2 O 2 S tapes produced by HyperTech Research, Inc. The tape can be either wrapped around the cable, placed on the cable wide faces under the insulation, and/or inserted as a core. Wire samples outfitted with these high-Cp ribbons, or tapes, were prepared and tested at FNAL for their Minimum Quench Energy (MQE). At 90%Ic and 15 T, the average gain of MQE of the Nb 3 Sn wire soldered to the Cu/Gd 2 O 2 S 55 μm thick ribbon was 2.5, and further increased at larger transport currents.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Fabrication of 8-Strand Rutherford Cables Using Roped Strands Made from Ultrafine Wires

Conventional Rutherford cables are typically made from solid round wire. While multi-stage cables have been made elsewhere, the purpose was usually to achieve a higher strand count and therefore a higher current carrying capability. In this work, we attempt to use two-stage roped strands made from ultrafine wires to fabricate Rutherford cables. The ultimate goal of this work is to obtain a very flexible cable that can wind accelerator magnet coils with a very tight bend radius in both the “easy way” (along the broad face of the cable) and the “hard way” (along the edge of the cable) in the wind-and-react manner, or wind coils with a radius typically used today but in the react and-wind manner with a much reduced degradation in critical current. We report our experience fabricating such Rutherford cables at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the initial findings from the analysis of the experimental cables made. We will discuss how the conventional wisdom and some rules of thumb for making Rutherford cables are no longer applicable or relevant, and the new thinking required in designing these cables.

Pong, Ian↗
DOE OSTI2021

IoT Devices and Applications for Wire-Based Hybrid Manufacturing Machine Tools

Hybrid manufacturing machine tools have the potential to be a disruptive technology as they can leverage the benefits of both additive and subtractive manufacturing by incorporating both processes on the same machine while limiting the downsides of the individual processes. Since these machines use two very disparate manufacturing processes and hybrid manufacturing is an emerging technology, it will be useful to monitor data coming from the machine and apply it to improve the manufacturing process, the operation of the machine, and to integrate the machine into the larger digital framework of Industrial Internet of Things (IoT). The present work discusses IoT devices that would be beneficial to add to a hybrid machine tool as well as applications for those devices. The proposed methods discussed in this work have not been experimentally implemented on a hybrid machine tool and so there are no performance data available yet. The hybrid machine tool used as a basis to generate these IoT applications is the Mazak VC-500A/5x AM Hot Wire Deposition, which is a 5-axis machine tool incorporated with a wire feedstock 4kW laser deposition system. Methodologies and applications will be outlined for machine health and process monitoring. Other areas covered include process benchmarking, secure networking options for the proposed IoT framework, and hybrid process improvement. Limitations of these methods and future work for new sensor devices and application areas is also discussed.

Thien, Austen↗
DOE OSTI2025

Calorimetric wire detector for measurement of atomic hydrogen beams

A calorimetric detector for minimally disruptive measurements of atomic hydrogen beams is described. The calorimeter measures heat released by the recombination of hydrogen atoms into molecules on a thin wire. As a demonstration, the angular distribution of a beam with a peak intensity of ≈ 10 16 atoms/(cm 2 s) is measured by translating the wire across the beam. The data agree well with an analytic model of the beam from the thermal hydrogen atom source. Using the beam shape model, the relative intensity of the beam can be determined to 5% precision or better at any angle.

Astaschov, M. [Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Ge↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Co-Registered In-Situ and Ex-Situ Dataset of Electrical, Acoustic, and CT Characteristics from Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

Recent progress in sensing techniques and data analytics tools have significantly accelerated the development of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) systems. This data centric approach emphasizes leveraging available data throughout the production process to optimize performance. Integration of extensive data analysis provides the opportunity to improve precision, reduce waste, and enhance the quality of produced parts. This method relies on AI/ML models and optimization techniques, which are developed using the data collected from various sources, including in-situ sensors, ex-situ imaging, and manufacturing process parameters. The quality and diversity of this data, along with the alignment between different data streams (achieved through spatiotemporal registration) are critical for the successful development of AI/ML and optimization models. In this work, we present a spatiotemporally registered dataset generated during the WAAM process of deposition of a rectangular block. The dataset includes the comprehensive description of deposition process, process parameters, in-situ collected welding characteristics, acoustic data, and X-Ray Computed Tomography analysis data for the build. Dataset A Co-Registered In-Situ and Ex-Situ Dataset of Electrical, Acoustic, and CT Characteristics from Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process has arisen under UT-Battelle, LLC’s Prime Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to manage and operate the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. UT-Battelle, LLC will not assert any rights under United States law or under the Prime Contract it has in the dataset against any user of the dataset, including any copyrights or patent rights. UT-Battelle, LLC requests that attribution to the dataset is provided as academically appropriate.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Geant4 Simulations on Faraday Cup Design for PIP-II Laser Wire Scanner System

The Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II) accelerator upgrade at Fermilab represents a groundbreaking leap forward in high-energy physics research. This ambitious initiative involves enhancing Fermilab's accelerator complexby replacing the current linear accelerator (linac) with awarm front end (WFE) capable of accelerating H- beamsup to 2.1 MeV. Subsequently, a superconducting linac further accelerates these beams up to 800 MeV. To preciselymeasure the transverse beam profile, a combination of traditional wire scanners at the WFE section and Laser wirescanners along the superconducting linac are planned forimplementation. This investigation is centered on refiningthe Faraday cup design for the PIP-II Laser wire scannersby utilizing GEANT4, a Monte Carlo simulation toolkit.Leveraging this method enables a comprehensive analysisof particle trajectories, energy deposition, secondary particle emission, backscattering, etc., facilitating optimizationthrough adjustments to cup geometries, materials, andplacement to maximize its efficacy in beam diagnostics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

A multi-institution collaboration to study copper wire hybrid and laser-cut foil X-pinches

X-pinches are a pulsed power wire-array configuration that produce nanosecond and micron-scale X-ray sources with numerous applications. The earliest embodiment of the X-pinch inspired its name, as it is typically composed of two or more fine (5-50 µm) wires crossed into the shape of an X (Fig. 1a). The ‘X’ ablates when subjected to large (10 1 -10 4 kA), fast-rising (~1 kA/ns) currents, and extreme magnetic pressure at the cross-point constricts the ablated plasma, which develops instabilities and then pinches to near-zero radius, localized ‘hot spots’, emitting X-rays from a sub-nanosecond and 1 µm scale source characteristic of a hot (~1 keV), dense (10% solid density) plasma. A subsequent gap forms where the hot spot(s) occurred, across which substantial potential accelerates electron beams (e-beams) that generate larger, longer-lasting X-ray bursts composed of harder X-rays.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Single Photon Emitters Coupled to Photonic Wire bonds

This project will test the coupling of light emitted from silicon vacancy and nitrogen vacancy defects in diamond into additively manufactured photonic wire bonds toward integration into an "on-chip quantum photonics platform". These defects offer a room-temperature solid state solution for quantum information technologies but suffer from issues such as low activation rate and variable local environments. Photonic wire bonding will allow entanglement of pre-selected solid-state defects alleviating some of these issues and enable simplified integration with other photonic devices. These developments could prove to be key technologies to realize quantum secured networks for national security applications.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Magnetic Potential of a Finite Wire

The wire segment in question travels in a straight line from position a to b and carries current I in the direction towards b . The magnetic field of this segment alone will not be Maxwellian because the current does not satisfy the continuity equation. However, the field sum of a loop of such wires will be.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

WIRE-21 Experiment Irradiation Conditions and In-Situ Data Collection

This report summarizes the in situ data collected during three cycles of irradiation (~75 days) of the Wireless Instrumented Removable Beryllium Experiment 2021 (WIRE-21) in the removable beryllium (RB) positions of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). The experiment was designed primarily to evaluate the effects of high neutron flux and fluence on the performance of wireless temperature and pressure sensors being developed by Westinghouse Electric Company (WEC). WEC’s sensors could provide critical data regarding the evolution of centerline temperatures and pressurization due to fission gas release during fuel operation in light-water reactors (LWRs) or various advanced reactor applications. In addition to WEC’s wireless sensors, many other sensors were interrogated, including thermocouples, self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs), distributed fiber optic temperature sensors, and passive neutron flux wires and silicon carbide thermometry.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Multi material/functionally graded wire arc additive manufacturing of high strength steel valves clad with nickel alloy 625 used for oil extraction

This Phase 1 technical collaboration project (ORNL/TM-2022/2683) began on August 1st, 2020 and concluded on July 31st, 2022. The collaboration partner Schlumberger is a large business enterprise assisting oil companies to extract oil from land and subsea cost competitively and safely. It is based in Houston, Texas USA. In this work as study of additive deposition of AWS EF100S-G and AWS ERNiCrMo-3 wires via wire-arc process was conducted.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗