Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “user facility”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

ARM Cloud and Precipitation Measurements and Science Group (CPMSG) 2024 Workshop Report

The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility is to improve the understanding and representation of cloud and aerosol processes and their interaction with the Earth's surface in Earth system models (ESMs) by providing comprehensive field observations and supporting advanced data analytics. The ARM Cloud and Precipitation Measurements and Science Group (CPMSG) was chartered in March 2019 to help improve the performance and scientific impact of ARM measurements of clouds and precipitation. The group aims to identify and address gaps in measurement capabilities, maximize the scientific impact of ARM data, and effectively serve the scientific community. To achieve these goals, the group includes experts in cloud and precipitation science, as well as representatives from ARM infrastructure, including instrument mentors, engineers, data quality officers, and data product translators. Prior to CPMSG, early discussions on cloud and precipitation measurements primarily focused on improving radar systems, but have since evolved to include a broader scope involving radiometers and other instruments. Since its formation, the CPMSG has gathered feedback using science traceability matrices. CPMSG aims to keep these as living documents to show the measurement needs, scientific drivers, roadblocks, maturity of measurements and retrievals, and pathways to model improvements. The group meets quarterly to discuss and prioritize measurement and operational improvements.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

ESnet Data and AI Workshop Report

In February 2025, the DOE user facility Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) held a three-day Data and AI Workshop in Berkeley, California. The objective of the workshop was to identify challenges within ESnet that could be addressed through data-driven methods, to help define ESnet’s data-analysis requirements, and to shape its AI strategy, guiding data-stewardship efforts and the direction of AI research and AIOps exploration for ESnet7, the next iteration of ESnet’s network. This report summarizes the multi-faceted discussions and findings and presents a set of recommendations for next steps.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Desert-Urban System Integrated Atmospheric Monsoon (DUSTIEAIM) in the Southwestern United States Science Plan

The Desert-Urban System Integrated Atmospheric Monsoon (DUSTIEAIM) campaign is a groundbreaking, high-impact scientific mission that will transform how we understand and respond to energy and water challenges in one of America’s fastest-growing and most heat-stressed urban regions: Phoenix, Arizona. Starting in April 2026, this 18-month field campaign harnesses the full power of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility and an interdisciplinary science team including national laboratories, universities, and agencies with a broad range of subject-matter expertise. With cutting-edge instruments, active and passive ground-based sensors, radars, and integrated modeling, DUSTIEAIM will deliver the most comprehensive environmental data set ever collected for a desert-urban-agricultural interface.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Metal Particles at EPCAPE Field Campaign Report

This project aimed to evaluate the performance of Toxic-metal Aerosol Real-Time Analyzer (TARTA) in quantifying toxic metal particle concentrations in real time during the U.S.. Department of Energy (DOE) Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE). This field campaign was conducted from October 20 to November 30, 2023, at Mount Soledad in San Diego, California. The campaign was part of the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility, specifically designed to improve understanding of marine stratocumulus clouds and their interactions with atmospheric aerosols.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Low-energy H- beam injectors for particle accelerators: upgrade requirements, challenges and future plans [Slides]

High brightness, negative hydrogen ion sources are used extensively in large, accelerator-based, user facilities operating worldwide. Negative hydrogen beams have become the preferred means of filling circular accelerators and storage rings as well as enabling efficient extraction from cyclotrons. Much larger beams of H- ions are also utilized for neutral beams injection into fusion machines and will be discussed in a separate companion presentation. Some of the accelerator facilities include the US Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL-ISIS), Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), the CERN LHC injector, the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) as well as numerous installations of D-Pace (licenced by TRIUMF) ion sources used mainly with cyclotrons. Many facilities are currently working on various improvement / upgrade projects, both in the near and long term, which are driving further development of their ion source and LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) and, in some cases, their overall front end injector system. This report will first provide a simple description of each facilities existing ion source and LEBT and summarize the operational parameters which are currently being routinely injected into their accelerators. Next, the parametric goals of each of the facilities upgrade projects are specified as well as development efforts currently underway to meet these requirement and improvement goals. It is hoped that that this work will not only capture the current state-of-the-art of worldwide H- beam injectors and clarify the research goals and efforts of the community in general but will also encourage further inter laboratory collaborations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Aerosol Particle Mixing State and Composition at AMF3 (Interim Field Campaign Report)

The campaign is designed to support deployment of aerosol sampling equipment at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility’s third ARM Mobile Facility (AMF3) to enable both singe-particle and bulk characterization of the aerosol particles at the field site in Bankhead National Forest, northern Alabama. We are proposing to do this work as part of our proposal “Generalizing aerosol mixing state: synthesis from observations and connection to models,” which has the pre-proposal tracking number PRE-0000035878. The full proposal has Dr. Rachel O’Brien as the Principal Investigator (PI) and Dr. Andy Ault and Dr. Nicole Riemer as Co-PIs. We sought to deploy instruments in winter 2025 and summer 2025 to obtain samples in different seasons, but were delayed by AMF3 set-up and availability of students and PIs. We just completed our first deployment this summer (2025) and we are interested in obtaining samples during this upcoming fall and winter to see the seasonal trends in aerosol mixing state at the site. This will provide a comparison of the impact of biogenic emissions on the mixing state and the chemical composition of the aerosol particles. Overall, the proposed study will provide key information regarding the mixing state of aerosol particles at AMF3 with direct ties to impacts of the particles on cloud formation and light scattering/absorption. From our deployment that ended las week we have some visible observations from our samples. We are observing a regular amount of black carbon on stage 6 of our Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) and we have also observed some short, large increases in aerosol loading. We hope to continue observations of these two features to determine the sources/aging for the black carbon and the physical mixing state as well as the sources for the short (a few minutes) increases in the aerosol loading and determine if the source for these is dust or sea salt or another source. We are also interested in comparing the black carbon we see here to samples collected during the agriculture burns in January/February and in comparing the larger particles to bioaerosols in the spring. To obtain these comparisons, we will need to collect more samples in the other seasons. Finally, we have some size-resolved particle collectors that can be deployed at the same time as the tethered balloon launches. We have discussed with Swarup China about trying to get the timing to work in August and we are interested in coordinating again later, if possible. This will give us ground-level and vertical aerosol mixing state sample sets that will be very exciting to analyze.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Examining the Ice-Nucleating Particles from the North Slope of Alaska (ExINP-NSA) (Final Campaign Report)

The Examining the Ice-Nucleating Particles from the North Slope of Alaska (ExINP-NSA) campaign was conducted at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Barrow Atmospheric Baseline Observatory (71.3230° N, 156.6114° W, “BRW” hereafter), next to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility NSA site and ~ 6 km northeast of the town of Utqiaġvik. The location of the NSA site is shown in Figure 1. Our observing period began in October 2021 and continued until May 2024. This campaign was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Early Career Research Program through grant number DE-SC001879. This grant contains funding for three ARM field campaigns. The previous field campaigns were performed at ARM’s Southern Great Plains atmospheric observatory in Oklahoma (SGP; 36.6073° N, 97.4876° W) and the ARM’s Eastern North Atlantic atmospheric observatory on Graciosa Island, Azores (ENA; 39.0916° N, 28.0257° W). The ExINP-NSA campaign aims included: • Determining the number concentration of ice-nucleating particles (n INPs ) active at temperatures spanning the range of heterogeneous freezing processes (from ≈−30 °C to 0 °C) using a combination of online and offline measurements, • Determining whether local meteorological conditions and/or synoptic scale air mass transport impact INP abundance and/or ice nucleation efficiency, • Examining if the physicochemical properties of INPs relate to aerosol chemistry, and • Assessing if there is a similarity in INP properties across three ARM sites Multi-seasonal datasets of INP abundance in the NSA region were delivered from this campaign. This campaign also allowed researchers to perform a comprehensive analysis of atmospheric INPs based on long- term ground-based measurements in the Alaskan Arctic. Our data and results from the ExINP-NSA campaign will help refine current earth system models. One of the stated goals of ARM is to advance aerosol-cloud ice interaction, which will be a direct result of this campaign. Current earth system models poorly represent INPs, and the 15-minute time resolution data over several seasons generated during this campaign will provide an invaluable resource, especially combined with the datasets generated during two previous ARM ExINP campaigns. These datasets will allow for a greater understanding of ice nucleation processes as they may (or may not) relate to local meteorological processes and aerosol chemistry and will eventually help further the understanding of the Earth’s atmospheric processes and energy balance.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (VDIS) Instrument Handbook

In order to improve the quantitative description of precipitation processes in climate models, the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility has been collecting observations of the drop size spectra of rain events since early in 2006 with impact disdrometers. While ARM is primarily interested in their contribution to the understanding of precipitation processes, disdrometers can also be used for traffic control, airport observation systems, and hydrology. The latest disdrometers employ microwave or laser technologies. Two-dimensional (2D) video disdrometers (VDIS) make the most detailed and complete observations of hydrometeor shape and fall velocity. Four of ARM’s five video disdrometers are deployed; the last is a spare. This handbook provides a detailed description of the instruments and their datastreams.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Instrument Handbook

Three photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) measurement instruments were deployed at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility’s Bankhead National Forest (BNF) observatory, installed on three different instrument towers within the forest. Each of the three instruments comprises an enclosure at the base of the tower, containing a datalogger and internal humidity sensor, connected to external PAR sensors mounted at various heights and vertical orientations on the same tower. PAR sensors measure radiation reaching the sensor with wavelengths from 400-700 nm, per unit area, per unit time, or the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, µmol photons m -2 s -1 ). On the 43-meter tower of BNF supplemental site S10, sensors are located 43 m, 22 m, 10 m, and 5 m from ground level. Downwelling radiation is measured with upward-facing sensors at all heights, and upwelling radiation is measured with downward-facing sensors at 43 m and 5 m. On the two 10-m towers of BNF supplemental sites S13 and S14, upwelling radiation is measured at 8 m and 2 m, and downwelling radiation is measured at 8 m.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Fixed-Site KAZR b1 Data Processing: Corrections, Calibrations, and Processing Report

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility operates three fixed-site observatories: Eastern North Atlantic (ENA), North Slope of Alaska (NSA), and Southern Great Plains (SGP). Each fixed site has a wide variety of atmospheric instrumentation that has been collecting data for at least 10 years (NSA and SGP over 25 years). Each site is unique because it represents a different climate state. The environment at ENA is characterized by marine stratocumulus clouds and one of the key scientific areas of focus is the interaction of these clouds with aerosols. At NSA the focus is on arctic climate and cloud and radiative processes in a high-latitude environment. SGP represents a mid-latitude, mid-continent climate that experiences environmental cycles on diurnal and seasonal time scales. The ARM observatories are all meant to improve understanding of atmospheric processes that can then be better incorporated into weather and climate models. Another common thread between the fixed sites is the focus on cloud processes. Each site is equipped with at least one radar that provides continuous remote-sensing observations of clouds and precipitation. This report details the analysis of a1-level radar data at the fixed sites and the process for generating b1-level data. While b1-level data have been produced for ARM campaigns at the mobile facilities, this is the first analysis led by ARM radar mentors to correct data at the fixed sites. In particular, we focus on calibrations and corrections of the Ka-band ARM Zenith Radars (KAZRs) at ENA, NSA, and SGP. Ongoing and future work will involve corrections applied to other fixed-site radars.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Initial User Study Insights Clarified Community Requirements & Early Feedback on Conceptual Design

The HPDF User Experience (UX) team conducted eight semi-structured interviews with twelve individuals leading data and computing infrastructure work at DOE Office of Science (SC) user facilities or projects. This report presents key takeaways synthesizing community perspectives and needs, along with recommendations for the project. These insights should be considered as conceptual design work continues, early partnerships begin, workflow readiness activities evaluate and enhance key scientific tools, and early access systems are made available to the Office of Science (SC) community. Vigilance in meeting community requirements and ensuring workflow readiness will be needed to ensure HPDF’s success.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Statistical Properties of Rainfall in Tasmania (SPORT) Field Campaign Report

The objective of this project is to complement the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) deployment at kennaook-Cape Grim (CAPE-k) with a micro-rain radar (MRR-PRO) mounted on top of one of the ARM containers. This was done to locate the MRR-PRO close to the ARM cloud radars (Ka-band ARM Zenith Radar [KAZR] and Marine W-band ARM Cloud Radar [MWACR]). This will allow for a continuous calibration check of the ARM cloud radars against the MRR-PRO and Parsivel-2 disdrometers. Scientifically, it will add one radar frequency to the analysis of vertical profiles of cloud and precipitation properties (K-band).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Annual Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 2024

This report provides the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the public with information on the level of radioactive and non-radioactive pollutants (if any) that are added to the environment as a result of Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory’s (PPPL) operations. This report fulfills the annual public reporting requirements of DOE Order 231.1B. The results of PPPL’s 2024 environmental surveillance and monitoring program are presented and discussed. The report also summarizes environmental initiatives, assessments, and community involvement programs that were undertaken in 2024. PPPL has engaged in fusion energy research since 1951 and at its current locations since 1958. The Laboratory’s mission is to develop the scientific knowledge and advanced engineering to enable fusion to power the US and the world, and to develop the understanding of plasmas from the nano- to the astrophysical scale. PPPL’s primary experiment, the National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (NSTX-U) is a collaboration among national laboratories, universities, and national and international research institutions and is a major element in the US Fusion Energy Sciences Program. Its design tests the physics principles of spherical torus (ST) plasmas, playing an important role in the development of smaller, more economical fusion reactors. Due to previous operational issues, NSTX-U did not operate in 2024. PPPL is engaged in a project to replace key NSTX-U components and systems to enable the operation of this international magnetic fusion user facility. In 2024, PPPL’s radiological environmental monitoring program measured tritium in the air at onsite sampling stations. Using highly sensitive air monitors, PPPL is capable of detecting small changes in the ambient levels of tritium. The operation of monitors located on D-site is used to demonstrate compliance with the National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) regulations. Also included in PPPL’s radiological environmental monitoring program, are water monitoring – ground, surface, and waste waters. PPPL’s radiological monitoring program characterized the background levels of tritium in the environment and those data are presented in this report. Ground water monitoring continued under New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s (NJDEP) Site Remediation Program regulations. PPPL monitored for nonradiological contaminants, mainly volatile organic compounds (components of common degreasing solvents). In 2024, PPPL complied with permit limits for surface water and sanitary wastewater discharges. PPPL was honored with an award for EPEAT-certified electronics purchasing from the Global Electronics Council on July 25, 2024.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

2025 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Annual Report

ARM is a multi-laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science user facility and a key contributor to atmospheric research efforts. For more than 30 years, ARM has supported the DOE and Office of Science missions by providing atmospheric observations to enable scientific discovery, transform our understanding of the atmosphere, and evaluate and improve the accuracy of atmospheric models. ARM’s cutting-edge capabilities for scientists include continuously operating ground-based observatories, aerial observation platforms, and high performance computing.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

ARM FY2026 Aerosol Operations Plan

The U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement User Facility (ARM) deploys at each of ARM’s observatories a suite of aerosol and trace gas (further mention of aerosols will assume inclusion of trace gases) instrumentation that constitute the Aerosol Observing System (AOS; Uin et al. 2019).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Neutron Scattering in High Magnetic Fields: Community Recommendations to Seize the Moment for Scientific Breakthroughs

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) operates the world’s two most powerful neutron sources: the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). These form a national user facility that provides neutron scattering instruments to probe and image static and dynamic properties of materials down to the atomic scale. Because the neutron carries a magnetic moment and the energies and wavelengths of neutrons match energy and length scales associated with magnetic materials, these facilities provide unique sensitivity to magnetism.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

American WAKE Experiment (AWAKEN) Field Campaign Report

The American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN) was a large-scale, international collaborative field campaign funded primarily by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind Energy Technologies Office. Its main purpose was to gather detailed observations of wind farm-atmosphere interactions to improve understanding of wind farm physics, validate and improve simulation tools, lower uncertainties in wind farm modeling, understand environmental impacts, and ultimately reduce the cost and increase the reliability of wind energy systems. The campaign specifically focused on seven testable hypotheses that include characterizing wind turbine and wind farm wake effects, wind farm blockage, turbulent mixing, structural loading impacts, local environmental impacts, and testing wind farm control technologies. AWAKEN was a highly collaborative effort involving numerous agencies, including: DOE, through the Wind Energy Technologies Office and the Office of Science Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility, the U.S. Department of Commerce through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, many American universities, and internationally funded collaborators from Germany and Brazil.

17 WIND ENERGY↗