Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “units”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2016

Evaluation of NASA's MERRA Precipitation Product in Reproducing the Observed Trend and Distribution of Extreme Precipitation Events in the United States

This study evaluates the performance of NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) precipitation product in reproducing the trend and distribution of extreme precipitation events. Utilizing the extreme value theory, time-invariant and time-variant extreme value distributions are developed to model the trends and changes in the patterns of extreme precipitation events over the contiguous United States during 1979-2010. The Climate Prediction Center (CPC) U.S.Unified gridded observation data are used as the observational dataset. The CPC analysis shows that the eastern and western parts of the United States are experiencing positive and negative trends in annual maxima, respectively. The continental-scale patterns of change found in MERRA seem to reasonably mirror the observed patterns of change found in CPC. This is not previously expected, given the difficulty in constraining precipitation in reanalysis products. MERRA tends to overestimate the frequency at which the 99th percentile of precipitation is exceeded because this threshold tends to be lower in MERRA, making it easier to be exceeded. This feature is dominant during the summer months. MERRA tends to reproduce spatial patterns of the scale and location parameters of the generalized extreme value and generalized Pareto distributions. However, MERRA underestimates these parameters, particularly over the Gulf Coast states, leading to lower magnitudes in extreme precipitation events. Two issues in MERRA are identified: 1) MERRA shows a spurious negative trend in Nebraska and Kansas, which is most likely related to the changes in the satellite observing system over time that has apparently affected the water cycle in the central United States, and 2) the patterns of positive trend over the Gulf Coast states and along the East Coast seem to be correlated with the tropical cyclones in these regions. The analysis of the trends in the seasonal precipitation extremes indicates that the hurricane and winter seasons are contributing the most to these trend patterns in the southeastern United States. In addition, the increasing annual trend simulated by MERRA in the Gulf Coast region is due to an incorrect trend in winter precipitation extremes.

MERRA↗
NASA NTRS2020

Mechanisms Associated with Daytime and Nighttime Heat Waves over the United States

Heat waves are extreme climate events that have the potential to cause immense stress on human health, agriculture and energy systems, so understanding the processes leading to their onset is crucial. There is no single accepted definition for heat waves, but they are generally described as a sustained amount of time where temperature exceeds a local threshold. Multiple different temperature variables are potentially relevant, as high values of daily maximum (T(max)) and minimum (T(min)) temperatures can both be detrimental to human health. Previous studies have concluded that the frequency of global heat waves has increased over recent decades, with greater increases in T(min)- than T(max)-heat waves in several regions. In this study, we focus explicitly on the different mechanisms associated with heatwaves manifest during daytime versus nighttime hours over the United States. Heat waves are examined using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). A daytime (nighttime) heat wave is defined as average daytime (nighttime) temperature exceeding its calendar day 90th percentile for at least 3 days. Over 1980-2018, the number of heat wave days per summer has increased over much of the United States. Trends are stronger for nighttime versus daytime heat wave frequency over the Northeast, Midwest and Southwest United States. Local and remote processes linked with daytime and nighttime heat waves are identified through composite analysis of clouds, precipitation, soil moisture, and fluxes of heat and moisture. Finally, we characterize the large-scale atmospheric circulation associated with daytime and nighttime heat waves over different regions of the United States.

Thomas, N.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Glen Torridon Mineralogy and the Sedimentary History of the Clay Mineral Bearing Unit

Clay minerals are common in ancient terrains on Mars and their presence at the surface alludes to aqueous processes in the Noachian to Early Hesperian (>3.5 Ga). Gale crater was selected as Curiosity’s landing site largely because of the identification of clay mineral rich strata from orbit. On Earth, the types of clay minerals (i.e., smectites) identified in Gale crater are typically juvenile weathering products that ultimately record the interaction between primary igneous minerals with the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Trioctahedral and dioctahedral smectite were identified by Curiosity in units stratigraphically below the Clay Mineral-Bearing Unit (CBU) identified from orbit. Compositional and sedimentological data suggest the smectite formed via authigenesis in a lake environment and may have been altered during early diagenesis. The CBU is stratigraphically equivalent to a hematite-rich unit to the north and stratigraphically underlies sulfate-rich units to the south, suggesting a dynamic environment and evolving history of water in the ancient Gale crater lake. Targeting these clay mineral rich areas on Mars with rover missions provides an opportunity to explore the aqueous and sedimentary history of the planet.

Thorpe, M. T.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Demonstration of A Long Duration Crop in the Advanced Plant Habitat Engineering Demonstration Unit: Key Factors to Consider Prior to Testing and Lessons Learned

The Advanced Plant Habitat (APH) is a fully enclosed, closed-loop, plant growth facility currently deployed on the International Space Station (ISS). It is equipped with complete environmental control (i.e.spectral qualityandlight intensity, temperature, relative humidity, and CO2),root module which containsa growth substrate(typically arcillite) and a porous tube based automated water delivery system. Two APH units, one ground unitidentical to the on-orbit versionand an Engineering Development Unit (EDU; a high fidelity test version), currently reside at Kennedy Space Center. Prior to conducting tests on-orbit, these APH ground units areutilized to conductbothScience Verification Tests(SVT; primarilyinthe EDU) and Experiment Verification Tests (EVT; primarily in the Ground Unit). In February 2020, a 122 day experiment was concluded in the APH EDU where four 'Numex Española Improved' pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) were successfully grown from seed to harvestyieldingover 50 fruit, demonstrating the capabilityand versatilityof this APH EDU system to support plant growth for long life cycle flowering/fruiting plants.

L. E. Spencer↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Metabolic Vessel for Impedance Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry (MVISE): The Ground Mapping Unit for the Lunar Explorer Instrument for Space Biology Applications (LEIA)​

The BioSensor payload on the upcoming LEIA platform aboard a CLPS lander will carry yeast to the moon to study response to radiation and lunar gravity. The LEIA BioSensor is designed to monitor metabolic activity using absorbance in conjunction with alamarBlue for measuring colorimetric changes as proxy measurement for redox potential. The science data returned from small spacecraft mission modules like LEIA is limited as it relies solely on optical measurements, necessitating a corresponding ground mapping unit that is equipped with multiple electrochemical sensors for accurate mapping of the optical data and operates fully automatically. This technology development work discusses the extensive design and optimization efforts put into the ground mapping unit, MVISE. MVISE is a custom designed, 3D-printed vessel with an agitation system, with six different electrochemical sensor probes, and ports for sample collection and a pressure release valve. The sensors provide real-time data, with dry absorbance measurements aligning with LEIA flight hardware and wet measurements demonstrating invasive sensor design enabling a comparison between the two setups. The 3D printer resin was tested for mechanical robustness, biocompatibility, and resistance to autoclave sterilization. The inner walls were coated with food-grade epoxy, ensuring a smooth finish to prevent microbial lodging and dye staining. The MVISE has successfully passed a week-long leak test and is now undergoing active biology tests. The MVISE prototype will be prepared for radiation tests, with three identical units being tested for varying radiation levels and culture compositions at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory in November 2024. The integrated sensor approach proposed in this work will enable the accurate mapping of the BioSentinel/LEIA optical flight data to six sensor parameters on the ground unit for better science data return and will enable the first effort to evaluate classical biochemical sensor measurements by comparing and contrasting their responses.

Chinmayee Govinda Raj↗
DOE OSTI2013

Development of 20 IEER Rooftop Units System Modeling and Building Energy Simulations

Based on detailed steady-state system and component modeling, we developed a rooftop unit system design, which is able to achieve IEER (Integrated Energy Efficiency Ratio) higher than 20. We modeled fin-&-tube and micro-channel heat exchangers using segment-to-segment approach, and use AHRI 10-coefficient compressor map to simulate compressor performance. The system modeling is based on a component-based modeling approach, which facilitates flexible simulation of complicated system configurations. Starting with a baseline system having IEER of 16.6, we extensively investigated numerous technical options, i.e. varying compressor sizes, heat exchanger fin densities, fin-&-tube or micro-channel heat exchanger, suction line heat exchanger, desiccant wheel, tandem compressor, variable-speed compressor, and condenser evaporative pre-cooling; and developed an innovative system configuration combining a tandem compression system with a variable-speed compression system. The combined system can achieve high IEER as well as process the outdoor ventilation air over an extensive range. We successfully evaluated the design concept for a 20-ton (70.4 kW) unit as well as a 10-ton (35.2 kW) unit. All the selected components are readily accessible on the market, and we validated the performance predictions against existing Rooftop Unit (RTU) products at the rating condition. This paper illustrates a potentially cost-effective high IEER RTU design. In addtion, we conducted extensive building energy simulations using EnergyPlus to predict seasonal energy saving potentials and peak power reductions using the High IEER RTU in sixteen US cities, in comparison to a RTU with a minimum efficiency.

Modeling↗
DOE OSTI2014

Heap/stack guard pages using a wakeup unit

A method and system for providing a memory access check on a processor including the steps of detecting accesses to a memory device including level-1 cache using a wakeup unit. The method includes invalidating level-1 cache ranges corresponding to a guard page, and configuring a plurality of wakeup address compare (WAC) registers to allow access to selected WAC registers. The method selects one of the plurality of WAC registers, and sets up a WAC register related to the guard page. The method configures the wakeup unit to interrupt on access of the selected WAC register. The method detects access of the memory device using the wakeup unit when a guard page is violated. The method generates an interrupt to the core using the wakeup unit, and determines the source of the interrupt. The method detects the activated WAC registers assigned to the violated guard page, and initiates a response.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Chemical looping integration with a carbon dioxide gas purification unit

A chemical looping system that contains an oxidizer and a reducer is in fluid communication with a gas purification unit. The gas purification unit has at least one compressor, at least one dryer; and at least one distillation purification system; where the gas purification unit is operative to separate carbon dioxide from other contaminants present in the flue gas stream; and where the gas purification unit is operative to recycle the contaminants to the chemical looping system in the form of a vent gas that provides lift for reactants in the reducer.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Graphics processing unit management system for computed tomography

A method and apparatus for managing operation of graphics processing units in a computer system. A processing thread in the computer system controls processing of a set of sinogram data by a graphics processing unit to form a set of graphics data. An output thread in the computer system controls writing of the set of graphics data to a storage system. The graphics processing unit is available to perform processing of another set of sonogram data while the set of graphics data is written to the storage system such that the increased availability of a plurality of graphics processing units is present.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Experimental Design and Laboratory Characterization of a Medium- and High-Efficiency Rooftop Unit for use in Building Energy Simulations

Commercial rooftop units that incorporate variable speed components are quickly entering into the market place; however, the design and modeling tools that calculate the energy benefits of these units cannot properly estimate performance. This is due to two factors: 1) There are insufficient measured performance data of real systems that can be entered into these simulations, and 2) building energy simulators are unable to properly interpret performance data. Therefore, publicly available datasets designed to encompass the entire performance map coupled with control sequence information are needed as inputs for these modelling programs to accurately estimate energy savings and promote variable speed RTUs. As part of the Verification and Uncertainty Characterization for Energy Simulation milestone funded by the Department of Energy, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory recorded and published data across the entire performance range for two commercially available RTUs; one with a two-stage compressor and variable speed supply fan, and another with a fully variable speed compressor, supply fan and condenser fan. This paper details 1) how the design of experiments was created as well as how the units were controlled, and 2) the operational limitations of the two units. The paper will also discuss methods for building energy simulation programs to properly interpret these data sets and integrate them into building energy simulation models.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Method of increasing expression of nucleic acid molecules in plants using multiple transcription units

A method of increasing expression of a product encoded by a nucleic acid molecule is provided where in one embodiment multiple plant transcription units comprising a promoter and the nucleic acid molecule are provided. In another embodiment multiple plant transcription units are provided where each promoter is different from the other. In an embodiment the multiple plant transcription units may comprise two, three, four or more plant transcription units. In another embodiment the promoter may be selected from an embryo promoter. Another embodiment provides the promoter may be a globulin promoter. A further embodiment provides the product encoded may be selected from hepatitis b, aprotinin, or a cellulase. Still further embodiments provide the product may be selected from the cellulases E1 and CBH1.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

The National Energy Technology Laboratory’s New Unit Process Template Design - LCAXIX

This work was presented at the American Center for Life Cycle Assessment 2019 Conference (LCAXIX) in Tucson, AZ on September 25, 2019. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) maintains a large unit process (UP) library which holds all documentation for each unit process created by the NETL Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) team. Each NETL unit process includes a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet containing calculations and an accompanying PDF, which thoroughly documents the calculations, parameters, and underlying reasoning and assumptions contained in the Excel file. However, as more and larger public data sources become available, the NETL LCA team has incorporated more data science techniques into their unit process development. NETL is demonstrating a new template which will allow for more flexible and advanced calculation and documentation methods. The new template will support NETL’s dedication to transparency by continuing to provide all information necessary to replicate the UPs.

Krynock, Michelle↗
DOE OSTI2020

Comfort units and systems, methods, and devices for use thereof

Despite otherwise uncomfortable conditions in a surrounding environment, a customizable microenvironment can be created around a user to maintain a comfortable temperature and/or humidity level using a comfort unit. For example, the environment may be an office building where conditions are out of the comfortable range to save on energy or for other reasons, a factory/shop environment that is poorly conditioned, or an outdoor location with little to no conditioning. A sensing unit can monitor biometric and environmental data and can determine a comfort level of the user. The comfort unit can then dynamically respond to the determined comfort level and adjust the microenvironment to improve the user's comfort level. The comfort unit can follow the user as the user moves within the macro-environment, or can otherwise move within the macro-environment to achieve certain functions, such as recharging or spatial shifting of thermal load within the overall macro-environment.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Geothermal District Heating in the United States: 2021 Update

As of 2021, there are 23 geothermal district heating (GDH) systems in the United States. Most are over 30 years old. This paper presents an overview of GDH development in the United States and the performance of GDH systems over time. Calculations of the estimated levelized cost of heat (LCOH) for existing U.S. GDH systems were made using NREL's GEOPHIRES tool. Estimated LCOH for existing U.S. GDH systems ranges from $15 to $105/MWhth. This paper explores other factors in GDH development such as resource and system size, capacity factor, and the role of policy. U.S. GDH utilization and deployment are compared to worldwide trends. Results show that the market for GDH in the United States has been weak over the past 40 years due to the combination of inexpensive fossil fuel alternatives (mostly natural gas), lack of incentives focused on heating/cooling, and other factors. Future opportunities for increased GDH deployment in the United States related to increased demand for low-carbon heating and cooling solutions (driven by decarbonization goals in the residential, commercial and industrial heating/cooling sectors, and particularly aggressive ones on college campuses) are outlined. Lastly, this paper identifies policy mechanisms that have been implemented in other countries to incentivize GDH (such as financial incentives targeting GDH, geothermal risk reduction mechanisms, carbon prices benefiting low-carbon heat production, and others).

geothermal district heating↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enclosure for light detection and ranging unit and related methods

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to light detection and ranging. In one aspect, a method comprises providing an apparatus. The apparatus comprises a LiDAR unit and a LiDAR enclosure. The LiDAR enclosure comprises a four-sided container having a square or rectangular cross-section with a first open end and a second open end comprising two opposite ends of the four-sided container. The LiDAR unit is attached to a mounting area inside the four-sided container. A reflective material is disposed on an interior of a second side and a third side of the four-sided container. Laser light is generated with the LiDAR unit. The laser light that has interacted with environment surrounding the LiDAR enclosure and that has been reflected back to the LiDAR unit is detected. The detected laser light is processed to construct an image of the environment surrounding the LiDAR enclosure.

Bandstra, Mark S.↗
DOE OSTI2012

Caustic Recycling Pilot Unit to Separate Sodium from LLW at Hanford Site - 12279

As part of the Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored Advanced Remediation Technologies initiative, a scheme was developed to combine Continuous Sludge Leaching (CSL), Near-Tank Cesium Removal (NTCR), and Caustic Recycling Unit (CRU) using Ceramatec technology, into a single system known as the Pilot Near-Tank Treatment System (PNTTS). The Cesium (Cs) decontaminated effluent from the NTCR process will be sent to the caustic recycle process for recovery of the caustic which will be reused in another cycle of caustic leaching in the CSL process. Such an integrated mobile technology demonstration will give DOE the option to insert this process for sodium management at various sites in Hanford, and will minimize the addition of further sodium into the waste tanks. This allows for recycling of the caustic used to remove aluminum during sludge washing as a pretreatment step in the vitrification of radioactive waste which will decrease the Low Level Waste (LLW) volume by as much as 39%. The CRU pilot process was designed to recycle sodium in the form of pure sodium hydroxide. The basis for the design of the 1/4 scale pilot caustic recycling unit was to demonstrate the efficient operation of a larger scale system to recycle caustic from the NTCR effluent stream from the Parsons process. The CRU was designed to process 0.28 liter/minute of NTCR effluent, and generate 10 M concentration of 'usable' sodium hydroxide. The proposed process operates at 40 deg. C to provide additional aluminum solubility and then recover the sodium hydroxide to the point where the aluminum is saturated at 40 deg. C. A system was developed to safely separate and vent the gases generated during operation of the CRU with the production of 10 M sodium hydroxide. Caustic was produced at a rate between 1.9 to 9.3 kg/hr. The CRU was located inside an ISO container to allow for moving of the unit close to tank locations to process the LLW stream. Actual tests were conducted with the NTCR effluent simulant from the Parsons process in the CRU. The modular CRU is easily scalable as a standalone system for caustic recycling, or for NTTS integration or for use as an In-Tank Treatment System to process sodium bearing waste to meet LLW processing needs at the Hanford site. The standalone pilot operation of the CRU to recycle sodium from NTCR effluent places the technology demonstration at TRL level 6. Multiple operations were performed with the CRU to process up to 500 gallons of the NTCR effluent and demonstrate an efficient separation of up to 70 % of the sodium without solids precipitation while producing 10 M caustic. Batch mode operation was conducted to study the effects of chemistry variation, establish the processing rate, and optimize the process operating conditions to recycle caustic from the NTCR effluent. The performance of the CRU was monitored by tracking the density parameter to control the concentration of caustic produced. Different levels of sodium were separated in tests from the effluent at a fixed operating current density and temperature. The voltage of the modules remained stable during the unit operation which demonstrated steady operation to separate sodium from the NTCR effluent. The sodium transfer current efficiency was measured in testing based on the concentration of caustic produced. Measurements showed a current efficiency of 99.8% for sodium transfer from the NTCR effluent to make sodium hydroxide. The sodium and hydroxide contents of the anolyte (NTCR feed) and catholyte (caustic product) were measured before and after each batch test. In two separate batch tests, samples were taken at different levels of sodium separation and analyzed to determine the stability of the NTCR effluent after sodium separation. The stability characteristics and changes in physical and chemical properties of the NTCR effluent chemistry after separation of sodium hydroxide as a function of storage time were evaluated. Parameters such as level of precipitated alumina, total alkalinity, analysis of Al, Na, K, Cs, Fe, OH, nitrate, nitrite, total dissolved and undissolved solids, viscosity, density, and other parameters of the NTCR effluent were measured. Changes in rheology and properties of NTCR stream to support downstream handling of the effluent after sodium separation was the basis for the analysis. The results show that the NTCR effluent is stable without the precipitation of aluminum hydroxide after 70% of the sodium was separated from the effluent. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Robotic Crane System for the Deconstruction of Chernobyl Unit 4 - 18583

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) Unit 4 accident occurred on April 26, 1986 leaving a severely damaged reactor building and a highly radioactive area. To minimize the long-term radiological impact to personnel and the environment, Unit 4 was immediately enclosed by a structure named the Object Shelter (OS). To transform the OS into an ecologically safe system, the Shelter Implementation Plan (SIP) was developed in 1997. The most significant SIP tasks was the design and construction of the New Safe Confinement (NSC). The NSC is a 36,000 tonne arch enclosure that includes a suite of process equipment to address the ruins of Unit 4 while assuring the safety of workers, public, and the environment. The NSC has a span of 257 meters, length of 164 meters, and height of 110 meters and is designed for a 100 years life. The New Safe Confinement was slid from its erection area to directly over Unit 4 (a distance of 327 meters) in November 2016. One of the major mechanical handling systems installed in the NSC is the Main Cranes System (MCS), designed and fabricated by PaR Systems (USA). The planned deconstruction activities require the handling of shielded waste disposal casks containing fuel as well as transporting extremely large structural elements -remotely controlled using video surveillance equipment. The lifting activities required the cranes to be tele-robotically controlled to prevent inadvertent collisions, expedite repetitive and high accuracy functions, protect the equipment and structures within the NSC as well as increase the overall effectiveness of the MCS. In addition, due to the elevated radiation levels, remote deconstruction activities will need to be performed. The MCS has design provisions included for a tele-robotically controlled manipulator and a suite of tooling to be used for multiple activities including concrete coring, cutting, debris collection and other heavy demolition activities. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2019

Dismantling of the Spent Resins Hot Compaction Unit at Tihange NPP, Belgium - 19139

Design, construction and commissioning of the Spent Ion Exchange Resins Hot Compaction Unit at Tihange Nuclear Power Plant took place from 2005 till 2011. In this conditioning process, batches of radioactive resin beads were first dried to less than 4% moisture by a conical vacuum dryer. Resins were then poured in compactable 200-liter drums and super-compacted. Resulting pellets were emplaced in standard 400-liter drums, the packages qualified for final disposal in Belgium, and eventually grouted. The Belgian Waste Management Agency (ONDRAF/NIRAS) was consulted before initiating the project and issued a statement of no objection. The technology turned out to be used for the first time in the particular case of bead shaped resins (unlike powdered resins) and with a grouting requirement. Finally, commissioning tests ended in a safe and reproducible waste form, compliant with prevailing Waste Acceptance Criteria. Volume Reduction Factors of about 2 were recorded after drying and compaction. New tests were carried out to support the Qualification File of the process, which was submitted to ONDRAF/NIRAS. After performing many trials using inactive resins, the Operator dried two batches of radioactive resins and super-compacted four drums: this was a planned qualification step, aiming at the validation of process parameters. In the meantime, ONDRAF/NIRAS made parallel progress in the design of the future Near Surface Repository, where conditioned resins will be disposed of, and found some incompatibility between encapsulated dried resin beads and water intrusion hazards inside the repository. Based on the risk that dried resin beads will swell if they absorb water, causing mechanical stresses likely to compromise the integrity of the disposal site, ONDRAF/NIRAS informed Tihange NPP that the Hot Compaction Unit would not be qualified as spent resins conditioning process. Further to this irrevocable decision, the Operator undertook three actions: - The first one was the qualification and purchase of waste containers to provide additional temporary storage capacity on site for its operational spent resins; - The second one is the selection of a new spent resins conditioning process and the performance of the related qualification tests to demonstrate it meets the updated Waste Acceptance Criteria; - The last one is the dismantling of the Hot Compaction Unit to clear the space and enable the installation of new equipment. This latter task was carried out in 2018, involving decontamination and free release measurements of all the materials, a very limited fraction of it having to be further processed as radioactive waste. Nevertheless, Tihange NPP wishes to keep the super-compactor and its hydraulic unit for a possible resale or reuse for the treatment of mixed waste. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗