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Two types of formulas were obtained for (- dE/dx) and the number of collisions per unit of path length (dN/dx) = const, which depend on W sub m, with due account of the polarization effect of the medium.
Closed-loop digital circuit, insensitive to drift with age, monitors input signals in particle detector. Basic elements of calibrator are clock circuit, weighting circuit, integrator, and chopper.
The response of Pilot 425 to heavy ions with energies less than 600 MeV/amu beta approximately 0.8 is examined both theoretically and experimentally. Measurements are presented from an experiment which employed a Ne-20 beam at many energies below 575 MeV/amu. The signal is assumed to come from three sources: (1) Cerenkov light from the heavy ion, (2) Cerenkov light from secondary electrons, and (3) scintillation of the radiator. It is found that the effective index of refraction is 1.518 and that scintillation is present at a level of approximately 2.7 percent of the Cerenkov signal for beta = 1 for Ne-20. The first of these values differs from values previously quoted in the literature.
Statistical errors introduced by D-to-A conversion are reduced.
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Photographic flights with Hasselblad cameras were flown on August 28, 1975, at altitudes from 2.66 and 5.3 kilometers over an ocean acid waste dump site while acid dumping was in progress. Repeated flights resulted in broadband spectral radiance data between the wavelengths of 500 to 900 nanometers for sun elevation angles that varied from 26 to 48 degrees, and at all sun azimuth angles over the range of off-nadir angles from 0 to 35 degrees. From film densitometer data, it is shown that before spectral variations in remotely sensed data can be used to quantify substances in water, the longer wavelength data must be above the detection level of the detector, radiance data between + or - 45 degrees in the direction of the sun must be avoided, and off-nadir camera correction factors must be applied to the observed radiance data.
Single time-shared channel is not seriously affected by temperature and aging. Circuit should also be useful in industrial and consumer equipment. For example, it might be incorporated in telemetry for security systems.
Bit error rate is measured by sending a pseudo-random noise (PRN) code test signal simulating digital data through digital equipment to be tested. An incoming signal representing the response of the equipment being tested, together with any added noise, is received and tracked by being compared with a locally generated PRN code. Once the locally generated PRN code matches the incoming signal a tracking lock is obtained. The incoming signal is then integrated and compared bit-by-bit against the locally generated PRN code and differences between bits being compared are counted as bit errors.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
A system is provided for determining the stable energy levels of a species ion, of an atomic, molecular, or radical type, by application of ionizing energy of a predetermined level, such as through photoionization. The system adds a trapping gas to the gaseous species to provide a technique for detection of the energy levels. The electrons emitted from ionized species are captured by the trapping gas, only if the electrons have substantially zero kinetic energy. If the electrons have nearly zero energy, they are absorbed by the trapping gas to produce negative ions of the trapping gas that can be detected by a mass spectrometer. The applied energies (i.e. light frequencies) at which large quantities of trapping gas ions are detected, are the stable energy levels of the positive ion of the species. SF6 and CFCl3 have the narrowest acceptance bands, so that when they are used as the trapping gas, they bind electrons only when the electrons have very close to zero kinetic energy.
The molecular photoionization, dissociative photoionization and double photoionization cross sections for CO2 were measured from their onsets down to 90 A by using various combinations of mass spectrometers (a coincidence time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a magnetic mass spectrometer) and light sources (synchrotron radiation, and glow and spark discharge). It is concluded that the one broad peak and the three shoulders in the total adsorption cross section curve between 640 and 90 A are caused completely by dissociative ionization processes. Several peaks observed in the cross section curve for the total fragmentation CO(+)3, O(+) and C(+) are compared with those in the photoelectron spectrum reported for CO2.
Two types of fixed pad hydrodynamic bearings (multilobe and pressure dam) were considered. Optimum and nonoptimum geometric configurations were tested. The optimum geometric configurations were determined by using a theoretical analysis and then the bearings were constructed for a flexible rotor test rig. It was found that optimizing bearings using this technique produces a 100% or greater increase in rotor stability. It is shown that this increase in rotor stability is carried out in the absence of certain types of instability mechanisms such as aerodynamic crosscoupling. However, the increase in rotor stability should greatly improve rotating machinery performance in the presence of such forces as well.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
An extensive search was performed of the open literature pertaining to infrared detectors to determine what constitutes a good detector and in what way performance is limited by specific material properties. Interviews were conducted with a number of experts in the field to assess their perceptions of the state of the art and of the utility of zero-gravity processing. Based on this information base and on a review of NASA programs in crystal growth and infrared sensors, NASA program goals were reassessed and suggestions are presented as to possible joint and divergent efforts between NASA and DOD.
Potential applications of a low gravity environment of interest to the commercial producers of cast iron were assessed to determine whether low gravity conditions offer potential opportunities to producers for improving cast iron properties and expanding the use of cast irons. The assessment is limited to the gray and nodular types of iron, however, the findings are applicable to all cast irons. The potential advantages accrued through low gravity experiments with cast irons are described.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.