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NASA NTRS2016

Technical Reference Suite Addressing Challenges of Providing Assurance for Fault Management Architectural Design

Fitz, Rhonda↗

NASA NTRS2016

Technical Reference Suite Addressing Challenges of Providing Assurance for Fault Management Architectural Design

Research into complexities of software systems Fault Management (FM) and how architectural design decisions affect safety, preservation of assets, and maintenance of desired system functionality has coalesced into a technical reference (TR) suite that advances the provision of safety and mission assurance. The NASA Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) Program, with Software Assurance Research Program support, extracted FM architectures across the IV&V portfolio to evaluate robustness, assess visibility for validation and test, and define software assurance methods applied to the architectures and designs. This investigation spanned IV&V projects with seven different primary developers, a wide range of sizes and complexities, and encompassed Deep Space Robotic, Human Spaceflight, and Earth Orbiter mission FM architectures. The initiative continues with an expansion of the TR suite to include Launch Vehicles, adding the benefit of investigating differences intrinsic to model-based FM architectures and insight into complexities of FM within an Agile software development environment, in order to improve awareness of how nontraditional processes affect FM architectural design and system health management. The identification of particular FM architectures, visibility, and associated IV&V techniques provides a TR suite that enables greater assurance that critical software systems will adequately protect against faults and respond to adverse conditions. Additionally, the role FM has with regard to strengthened security requirements, with potential to advance overall asset protection of flight software systems, is being addressed with the development of an adverse conditions database encompassing flight software vulnerabilities. Capitalizing on the established framework, this TR suite provides assurance capability for a variety of FM architectures and varied development approaches. Research results are being disseminated across NASA, other agencies, and the software community. This paper discusses the findings and TR suite informing the FM domain in best practices for FM architectural design, visibility observations, and methods employed for IV&V and mission assurance.

Fitz, Rhonda↗

NASA NTRS1990

Government Information Quarterly. Volume 7, no. 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Programs. Special issue

NASA scientific and technical information (STI) programs are discussed. Topics include management of information in a research and development agency, the new space and Earth science information systems at NASA's archive, scientific and technical information management, and technology transfer of NASA aerospace technology to other industries.

Hernon, Peter↗

DOE OSTI2013

Data Sharing Report for the Quantification of Removable Activity in Various Surveillance and Maintenance Facilities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management (OR-EM) requested that Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), working under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) contract, provide technical and independent waste management planning support using American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds. Specifically, DOE OR-EM requested that ORAU plan and implement a sampling and analysis campaign targeting potential removable radiological contamination that may be transferrable to future personal protective equipment (PPE) and contamination control materials—collectively referred to as PPE throughout the remainder of this report—used in certain URS|CH2M Oak Ridge, LLC (UCOR) Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M) Project facilities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Routine surveys in Bldgs. 3001, 3005, 3010, 3028, 3029, 3038, 3042, 3517, 4507, and 7500 continuously generate PPE. The waste is comprised of Tyvek coveralls, gloves, booties, Herculite, and other materials used to prevent worker exposure or the spread of contamination during routine maintenance and monitoring activities. This report describes the effort to collect and quantify removable activity that may be used by the ORNL S&M Project team to develop radiation instrumentation “screening criteria.” Material potentially containing removable activity was collected on smears, including both masselin large-area wipes (LAWs) and standard paper smears, and analyzed for site-related constituents (SRCs) in an analytical laboratory. The screening criteria, if approved, may be used to expedite waste disposition of relatively clean PPE. The ultimate objectives of this effort were to: 1) determine whether screening criteria can be developed for these facilities, and 2) provide process knowledge information for future site planners. The screening criteria, if calculated, must be formally approved by Federal Facility Agreement parties prior to use for ORNL S&M Project PPE disposal at the Environmental Management Waste Management Facility (EMWMF). ORAU executed the approved sampling and analysis plan (SAP) (DOE 2013) while closely coordinating with ORNL S&M Project personnel and using guidelines outlined in the Waste Handling Plan for Surveillance and Maintenance Activities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, DOE/OR/01-2565&D2 (WHP) (DOE 2012). WHP guidelines were followed because the PPE waste targeted by this SAP is consistent with that addressed under the approved Waste Lot (WL) 108.1 profile for disposal at EMWMF—this PPE is a “future waste stream” as defined in the WHP. The SAP presents sampling strategy and methodology, sample selection guidelines, and analytical guidelines and requirements necessary for characterizing future ORNL S&M Project PPE waste. This report presents a review of the sample and analysis methods including data quality objectives (DQOs), required deviations from the original design, summary of field activities, radiation measurement data, analytical laboratory results, a brief presentation of results, and process knowledge summaries.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2013

Data Sharing Report Characterization of Isotope Row Facilities Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management (EM-OR) requested that Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), working under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) contract, provide technical and independent waste management planning support using funds provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Specifically, DOE EM-OR requested ORAU to plan and implement a survey approach, focused on characterizing the Isotope Row Facilities located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for future determination of an appropriate disposition pathway for building debris and systems, should the buildings be demolished. The characterization effort was designed to identify and quantify radiological and chemical contamination associated with building structures and process systems. The Isotope Row Facilities discussed in this report include Bldgs. 3030, 3031, 3032, 3033, 3033A, 3034, 3036, 3093, and 3118, and are located in the northeast quadrant of the main ORNL campus area, between Hillside and Central Avenues. Construction of the isotope production facilities was initiated in the late 1940s, with the exception of Bldgs. 3033A and 3118, which were enclosed in the early 1960s. The Isotope Row facilities were intended for the purpose of light industrial use for the processing, assemblage, and storage of radionuclides used for a variety of applications (ORNL 1952 and ORAU 2013). The Isotope Row Facilities provided laboratory and support services as part of the Isotopes Production and Distribution Program until 1989 when DOE mandated their shutdown (ORNL 1990). These facilities performed diverse research and developmental experiments in support of isotopes production. As a result of the many years of operations, various projects, and final cessation of operations, production was followed by inclusion into the surveillance and maintenance (S&M) project for eventual decontamination and decommissioning (D&D). The process for D&D and final dismantlement of facilities requires that the known contaminants of concern (COCs) be evaluated and quantified and to identify and quantify any additional contaminants in order to satisfy the waste acceptance criteria requirements for the desired disposal pathway. Known facility contaminants include, but are not limited to, asbestos-containing material (ACM), radiological contaminants, and chemical contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and metals.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2013

Data sharing report characterization of population 7: Personal protective equipment, dry active waste, and miscellaneous debris, surveillance and maintenance project Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2013

Data sharing report characterization of the surveillance and maintenance project miscellaneous process inventory waste items Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management (EM-OR) requested Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), working under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) contract, to provide technical and independent waste management planning support under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Specifically, DOE EM-OR requested ORAU to plan and implement a sampling and analysis campaign to target certain items associated with URS|CH2M Oak Ridge, LLC (UCOR) surveillance and maintenance (S&M) process inventory waste. Eight populations of historical and reoccurring S&M waste at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have been identified in the Waste Handling Plan for Surveillance and Maintenance Activities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, DOE/OR/01-2565&D2 (WHP) (DOE 2012) for evaluation and processing for final disposal. This waste was generated during processing, surveillance, and maintenance activities associated with the facilities identified in the process knowledge (PK) provided in Appendix A. A list of items for sampling and analysis were generated from a subset of materials identified in the WHP populations (POPs) 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, plus a small number of items not explicitly addressed by the WHP. Specifically, UCOR S&M project personnel identified 62 miscellaneous waste items that would require some level of evaluation to identify the appropriate pathway for disposal. These items are highly diverse, relative to origin; composition; physical description; contamination level; data requirements; and the presumed treatment, storage, and disposal facility (TSDF). Because of this diversity, ORAU developed a structured approach to address item-specific data requirements necessary for acceptance in a presumed TSDF that includes the Environmental Management Waste Management Facility (EMWMF)—using the approved Waste Lot (WL) 108.1 profile—the Y-12 Sanitary Landfill (SLF) if appropriate; EnergySolutions Clive; and the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) (ORAU 2013b). Finally, the evaluation of these wastes was more suited to a judgmental sampling approach rather than a statistical design, meaning data were collected for each individual item, thereby providing information for item-byitem disposition decisions. ORAU prepared a sampling and analysis plan (SAP) that outlined data collection strategies, methodologies, and analytical guidelines and requirements necessary for characterizing targeted items (ORAU 2013b). The SAP described an approach to collect samples that allowed evaluation as to whether or not the waste would be eligible for disposal at the EMWMF. If the waste was determined not to be eligible for EMWMF disposal, then there would be adequate information collected that would allow the waste to be profiled for one of the alternate TSDFs listed above.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2020

Implementing Environmental Requirements

The purpose of this document is to describe the processes for identifying, communicating, and implementing environmental requirements at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for Triad National Security, LLC (Triad). References to LANL or the Laboratory refer to the Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) managed portion of LANL. References to the Prime Contract refer to the contract between DOE/NNSA and Triad and does not apply to the portion of Technical Area 54 now managed and operated by DOE Environmental Management (EM-LA).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1983

Flight management concepts development for fuel conservation

It is pointed out that increased airspace congestion will produce increased flight delay unless advanced flight management concepts are developed to compensate. It has been estimated that a 5 percent reduction in delay is approximately equivalent, in terms of direct operating costs, to a 5 percent reduction in drag. The present investigation regarding the development of the required flight management concepts is organized into three sections, related to background, current research, and future effort. In the background section, a summary is provided of past technical effort concerning flight management. The second section is concerned with on-going efforts to integrate flight management with ground-based flight planning, and with an advanced concepts simulator to test the new developments. In the third section, attention is given to research concerning airborne flight management integration with other flight functions.

Sorensen, J. A.↗

NASA NTRS1990

Coordinating Council. First Meeting: NASA/RECON database

A Council of NASA Headquarters, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and the NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Facility management met (1) to review and discuss issues of NASA concern, and (2) to promote new and better ways to collect and disseminate scientific and technical information. Topics mentioned for study and discussion at subsequent meetings included the pros and cons of transferring the NASA/RECON database to the commercial sector, the quality of the database, and developing ways to increase foreign acquisitions. The input systems at AIAA and the STI Facility were described. Also discussed were the proposed RECON II retrieval system, the transmittal of document orders received by the Facility and sent to AIAA, and the handling of multimedia input by the Departments of Defense and Commerce. A second meeting was scheduled for six weeks later to discuss database quality and international foreign input.

Source record↗

DOE OSTI2016

NWMO Canadian used nuclear fuel repository - 16314

A brief introduction to Canada's Used Fuel Repository Plan, including the status of site selection and the conceptual design. Canada's plan for the long-term care of used nuclear fuel is known as Adaptive Phased Management (APM). It emerged from dialogue with Canadians and experts and best meets the key priorities considered important by citizens. The Federal Government selected APM as Canada's plan in June 2007. The plan is consistent with the long-term management approach adopted by other countries with nuclear power programs, such as Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and France. Canada's plan is both a technical method and a management system. The project is designed to be implemented in phases over many decades. New learning and social priorities will be incorporated into Canada's plan for the long-term management of used nuclear fuel, driving refinement and adaptation of the plan throughout its implementation. The major phases for the APM project are described.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

NASA NTRS2009

Ares I-X Roll Control System Development

Project Managers often face challenging technical, schedule and budget issues. This presentation will explore how the Ares I-X Roll Control System Integrated Product Team (IPT) mitigated challenges such as concurrent engineering requirements and environments and evolving program processes, while successfully managing an aggressive project schedule and tight budget. IPT challenges also included communications and negotiations among inter- and intra-government agencies, including the US Air Force, NASA/MSFC Propulsion Engineering, LaRC, GRC, KSC, WSTF, and the Constellation Program. In order to successfully meet these challenges it was essential that the IPT define those items that most affected the schedule critical path, define early mitigation strategies to reduce technical, schedule, and budget risks, and maintain the end-product focus of an "unmanned test flight" context for the flight hardware. The makeup of the IPT and how it would function were also important considerations. The IPT consisted of NASA/MSFC (project management, engineering, and safety/quality) and contractors (Teledyne Brown Engineering and Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne, who supplied heritage hardware experience). The early decision to have a small focused IPT working "badgelessly" across functional lines to eliminate functional stove-piping allowed for many more tasks to be done by fewer people. It also enhanced a sense of ownership of the products, while still being able to revert back to traditional roles in order to provide the required technical independence in design reviews and verification closures. This presentation will highlight several prominent issues and discuss how they were mitigated and the resulting Lessons Learned that might benefit other projects.

Unger, Ronald J.↗

DOE OSTI2018

Mid Atlantic CHP Technical Assistance Partnership (Final Technical Report)

The Mid Atlantic CHP Technical Assistance Partnership (MACHPTAP), managed by The Pennsylvania State University College of Engineering, served the six states in the Mid-Atlantic region (Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia) plus the District of Columbia. The objective of the Combined Heat and Power Technical Assistance Partnerships (CHP TAPs) was to provide essential support to continue the market development of CHP’s suite of technologies to further the installation of highly efficient and cost effective CHP. The MACHPTAP’s work included education and outreach as well as technical assistance to a variety of stakeholders including end-users (commercial, industrial, institutional and more), state decision makers, electric and gas utilities, trade associations and non-profit organizations. This assistance included evaluating the economic, energy, reliability and environmental value of proposed systems. The CHP TAPs represented multi-state regions and are the CHP experts in the region who provide fact-based, un-biased information on CHP, including technologies, project development, project financing, local electric and natural gas utility interfaces, and related State best practice policies. Specifically, the MACHPTAP objectives were accomplished through taskings in four specific areas: Technical Assistance to end Users which involved engaging potential end-users to identify, evaluate, and technically support prospective CHP projects; Engagement and Education of End Users where the MACHPTAP engaged and educated end users about CHP, its benefits, and DOE resources available, and strategically hosted or participated in webinars, workshops and conferences; Policymaker Education where the MACHPTAP hosted or participated in webinars, one-on-one meetings, workshops, and other forums; and Program Administration, Management and Reporting, which included monthly and quarterly reporting, program meetings and coordination of activities with other regional TAPs. Accomplishments in the four specific project areas included providing direct Technical Assistance to 289 prospective CHP end users, conducting or participating in 82 End User Education events and hosting or participating in 73 Policy Maker Education events. During the contract period, 107 CHP installations were commissioned in the Mid Atlantic region, with a total generation capacity of over 160 megawatts, with an additional 34 sites with a capacity of over 100 megawatts currently in the planning/design/construction phase. Programmatically, all monthly metrics reports and quarterly reports were submitted in a timely manner.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Conclusions of A Mini Technical Interchange Meeting on New Cross Risk Integration Projects Managed By the NASA Space Radiation Element

To enable deep space exploration and sustained human presence in space, the NASA Human Research Program’s (HRP) Space Radiation Element (SRE) funds research to characterize and mitigate adverse health outcomes from exposure to space radiation. Recently, the Space Radiation Element was tasked with supporting multiple HRP Elements with innovative and enabling projects to inform risk characterization, facilitate mitigation activities, and support crew health and performance. These projects, such as precision health initiative, NASA Omics Archive (NOA) and human sample repositories, are agnostic to any HRP Element, hence the name, Cross Risk Integration Projects (CRIP). CRIP serves three broad purposes: Services: Generate samples/data or manage the receipt, inventory, archive and ultimate redistribution of biospecimens created in HRP-funded spaceflight and analog research activities – includes NASA Omics Archive (NOA) project and various human and animal sample repositories. Method Development: Identify and evaluate, new-to-NASA research or analysis methods or techniques – includes TRRaC (Translational Radiation Research and Countermeasures) Project. Enabling Capabilities: Demonstrate real world application by adapting, adopting and/or developing capabilities to benefit crew health & performance and improve risk – includes Precision Health Initiative (Pharmacogenomics) and advanced biological systems and engineered tissue microsystems initiative (tissue chips, organ-on-a-chip). To identify new technologies, future work, and solicitations, the SRE organizes themed sessions at annual HRP Investigators’ Workshops (IWS). These technical interchange meetings (TIMs) provide a venue for the scientific community to present ongoing work and engage in open discussion, limitations of current approaches, and incorporation of novel experimental strategies and other innovative techniques. Here a summary and lessons learned from the SRE-sponsored mini-TIM titled “Space Radiation Cross Risk Integrations Projects” at HRP IWS 2024 will be communicated. The 90-min TIM had 6 speakers who presented impressive novel ideas and work This poster presents the outcomes of the session along with proposed future workshops and other SRE initiatives.

Janapriya Saha↗

DOE OSTI2022

CALORIE: A Constraint Language and Optimizing Runtime for Exascale Power Management (Final Report)

This final technical report summarizes the key accomplishments on the CALORIE project, a DOE Early Career award received by PI Henry Hoffmann at the University of Chicago. CALORIE’s main goal was to create principled methodologies, tools, and practices to help scientists and high-performance computing (HPC) operators maximize the performance and insights obtained from scientific computing applications in the face of exascale power constraints. The project accomplished these goals by completing the following objectives: • Designing a language for describing application goals (including constraints and objectives) and system capabilities. The application goals will include things like which simulations or simulations plus in situ analysis will be run together, what the power constraints are, and what requirements there are for in situ analysis (for example, a desired frame rate for visualization). The system capabilities include all components that can be adjusted to tradeoff power and performance. • Designing a runtime system that takes specified goals and capabilities and dynamically determines what capabilities to use to meet the goals. This runtime adapts to changes in goals, application behavior, or available capabilities to automatically maintain the goals despite unexpected disturbances. • Developing a foundational understanding of how power constraints affect the problem of scheduling applications in large-scale systems. This report provides an overview of the accomplishments related to each of these key objectives.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS2024

Conclusions of a Mini Technical Interchange Meeting on New Cross Risk Integration Projects Managed by the NASA Space Radiation Element

To enable deep space exploration and sustained human presence in space, the NASA Human Research Program’s (HRP) Space Radiation Element (SRE) funds research to characterize and mitigate adverse health outcomes from exposure to space radiation that include risks of carcinogenesis, cardiovascular disease, and central nervous system decrements. Recently, the SRE was tasked with supporting multiple HRP Elements with innovative and enabling projects to inform risk characterization, facilitate mitigation activities, and support crew health and performance. These projects, such as precision health initiative, NASA Omics Archive (NOA) and human sample repositories, are agnostic to any HRP Element, hence the name, Cross-Risk Integration Projects (CRIP). CRIP serves 3 broad purposes: - Services: Generate samples and data and manage the receipt, inventory, archive, and ultimate redistribution of biospecimens created in HRP-funded spaceflight and analog research activities—includes NASA Omics Archive project and various human and animal sample repositories. - Method Development: Identify and evaluate new-to-NASA research or analysis methods or techniques that could fundamentally improve existing or planned research efforts—includes the Translational Radiation Research and Countermeasures Project. - Enabling Capabilities: Demonstrate real-world application by adapting, adopting, and/or developing capabilities to benefit crew health and performance and improve risk mitigation—includes Precision Health Initiative (Pharmacogenomics) and advanced biological systems and engineered tissue microsystems initiative (tissue chips, organ-on-a-chip). To identify new technologies, future work, and solicitations, the SRE organizes themed sessions at annual HRP Investigators’ Workshops (IWS). These technical interchange meetings (TIMs) provide a venue for the scientific community to present ongoing work and engage in open discussion of results, limitations of current approaches, and incorporation of novel experimental strategies, model systems, and other innovative techniques. Here, a summary of the studies presented at the SRE-sponsored mini-TIM at the HRP IWS along with the goals and objectives of the CRIP projects is communicated. The 90-min TIM had 6 speakers who presented impressive novel ideas and work, some of which are funded under CRIP by the Space Radiation Element.

Janapriya Saha↗

DOE OSTI2022

EERC Final Topical Report – Findings on Subtask 3.2 – Produced Water Management Through Geologic Homogenization, Conditions, and Reuse

The Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) was awarded a contract by the North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC) Oil and Gas Research Program (NDIC No. G-051-101) to conduct a study on the recycling of water used in oil and gas operations, also known as produced water, from oil- and gas-producing regions of North Dakota as directed by Section 19 of North Dakota House Bill 1014. This final report provides a compilation of results of the study, which include regulatory, scientific, technological, and feasibility methods and considerations associated with North Dakota produced water management. The report provides a synopsis of this project’s previously submitted produced water assessment report entitled “Produced Water Management and Recycling Options in North Dakota” (Energy & Environmental Research Center, 2020), with updated values provided as appropriate. The report provides the results from the investigation of a novel produced water management strategy, referred to as geologic homogenization, conditioning, and reuse (GHCR), which aims to use a subsurface geologic formation as a natural medium for managing produced water recycling and reuse. Water management is a significant technical and economic challenge for sustainable oil and gas production, and water volumes are intrinsically linked to oil production volumes. North Dakota oil production rose to over 1.5 million barrels (MMbbl)/day in 2019, and despite a downturn in oil price in early 2020, North Dakota oil production has recovered to 1.1 MMbbl/day as of August 2021. Bakken petroleum system development between 2008 and 2020 has resulted in a nearly fourfold increase in produced water volumes to 642 MMbbl/yr in 2020 after peaking at 740 MMbbl/yr in 2019 and a fivefold increase in saltwater disposal (SWD) volumes to 565 MMbbl/yr in 2020 after a peak of 682 MMbbl/yr in 2019. Produced water and SWD volumes are forecasted to double by 2030. SWD is the primary method of produced water management used in North Dakota, with approximately 95% of the SWD volume occurring through subsurface injection into sandstones of the Dakota Group (Dakota). Localized pressurization of the Dakota resulting from SWD and projected increases in produced water volumes could impact the economics of North Dakota oil production. As a result, there is an emerging need to pursue alternative produced water management approaches, including recycling and reuse. While produced water recycling is not yet widespread, commercial operators are making strides in overcoming the technical challenges of using high salinity produced water in completion operations (Marathon Oil, 2020). As water management continues to be a key focal point in companies’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) initiatives, focus on water management, including recycling, will likely continue to increase. Laboratory column testing, field sample collection, geologic modeling and numerical simulation, and techno-economic analysis all indicate that GHCR could feasibly be implemented as a potential water management option. Laboratory column testing and field sample collection indicate that the Inyan Kara sandstone and native formation fluid are capable of homogenizing with the Bakken produced water to a point where the fluid composition appears to stabilize. Extracting that stabilized fluid could be considered homogeneous and capable of providing individual batches of hydraulic fracturing fluid. Numerical simulation results indicate that extraction of fluids from the Inyan Kara in a GHCR implementation scenario is capable of reducing formation pressure, which would help ease localized pressurization of the Inyan Kara and extend the available capacity for nearby existing SWD wells. Economic analysis indicates that there are scenarios where GHCR implementation can be a competitive or even lower-cost option than a conventional water management approach. Site-specific conditions will dictate the economic potential of GHCR, but potentially attractive sites for GHCR implementation will be those that are located above a pressurized zone of the Inyan Kara, need six or more Bakken infill wells, and face high costs for conventional SWD and/or freshwater. Based on the regulatory review, drilling into the Inyan Kara for SWD and to harness as a source water for industrial use have precedent in North Dakota, and a workable regulatory solution for GHCR seems likely. However, restrictions in the state regarding surface storage and transport of produced fluids may limit some activities, which will affect how GHCR could ultimately be implemented. In summary, this study reveals pursuing GHCR can be a viable approach to water management in North Dakota. The GHCR concept addresses some of the challenges that hinder the more traditional approaches to recycling in the industry. Furthermore, an assessment of the current landscape of water management within the state reveals the ongoing trend of increasing volumes of produced water and SWD. Projections reveal that the volumes of produced water that need to be managed are expected to double over the next decade (Energy & Environmental Research Center, 2020). With the continued development of the Bakken and continuing driving factors related to ESG initiatives, implementing a practice such as GHCR is a feasible approach to adding recycling of produced water to industry within the state. This subtask was cofunded through the EERC–U.S. Department of Energy Joint Program on Research and Development for Fossil Energy-Related Resources Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FE0024233. Nonfederal funding was provided by the North Dakota Industrial Commission Oil and Gas Research Program. References Energy & Environmental Research Center, 2020, Produced water management and recycling options in North Dakota: Final Report for North Dakota Legislative Management Energy Development and Transmission Committee and North Dakota Industrial Commission. Marathon Oil, 2020, Sustainability report: https://cdn.sanity.io/files/ghcnw9z2/website/ 91744eb6ef8fbe59505a911c6b8d2e8dd9a537fa.pdf?dl (accessed November 2021).

02 PETROLEUM↗

DOE OSTI2014

ARIES Oxide Production Program Monthly Report – April 2014

A summary of the accomplishments, milestones, financial summary, project performance and issues facing the Oxide Production Program for the end of April 2014 is presented in this Executive Summary. PF-4 and ARIES operations remain paused in order to resolve issues and perform an extent-of-condition review for Criticality Safety and Conduct of Operations. On April 28th, Jeff Yarbrough issued a memorandum updating status on the “pause” of PF-4 programmatic operations. He reported that 150 of the procedures that control programmatic operations in PF-4 have successfully resumed. These 150 procedures represent about ½ of the total that will enable us to meet FY14 programmatic commitments. No formal letter of direction will be provided to LANS via the NNSA Field Office contracting officer to address the direction relative to shipments, analytical chemistry sampling and guidance for financial adjustments in FY14 and FY15. LANS will provide a revised plan based on the funding profile included in the President’s Budget Request for the remainder of FY14 and FY15 to include revised FY14 milestones and proposed FY15 milestones. The ARIES Pit Cutter project met the NNSA milestone (Complete Design of Simple Pit Disassembly Equipment [ARIES Pit Cutter] – Due 8/15/14) by completing the fabrication design on 4/3/14, well in advance of the 8/15/14 due date. The project team has started procurement of long-lead items in preparation of the prototype fabrication and cold testing. The fabrication is scheduled to complete in FY14 and the cold testing will begin in FY14 and complete in early FY15. LANL and PNNL met on April 14 to discuss the path forward for PNNL criticality support to the program. The consensus was that PNNL resources can be effectively applied to the generation of detailed CSEs to support the program independent of the current ESS strategy. FY15 program planning is underway. The team is working on planning/drafting the work packages and developing the schedule under the assumption that operations will begin October 1, 2014. A planning schedule has been finalized and the team is meeting regularly to discuss details at the work package and WBS levels. The FY15 PMP is also in the process of being updated. The goal is to have all the drafts reviewed/approved and finalized prior to the start of the FY. MQ personnel have completed ADPSM Management Assessment: Evaluate Quality Roles and Responsibility Agreements between ADPSM and LANL Technical Support Organizations (PFITS 2011-1943). Two findings and four opportunities for improvement were reported. The robotic lathe controller upgrade has entered the construction phase of the project. The controller cabling IWD pre-job meeting was completed. The initial robotic lathe functional test was completed. The existing controller power supply disconnect is scheduled for early May. The NDA Cage project team received notification on 3/28/14 to restart the NDA cage project. Since then the team have been busy with activities that include assigning a planner, getting the construction work package ready for construction and getting the USQ completed. The electrical services installation for the new welding skid for the Inner Can Welder was completed. A gas bottle rack, used to support welding operations, will be installed in early May. The Outer Can Welder design is complete and the IWD is in development to execute construction. Installation materials have been ordered. Work continues on the MD-2 preliminary design. The project engineer is performing a technical evaluation of the Project Management Plan that was submitted by the design agent in response to the LANL Request for Proposal. If all requirements have been captured, LANL procurement will develop a contract and give the design agent notice to proceed on the preliminary design. Estimated completion is scheduled for September 2014. The design for the TA-55 Bldg. 314 warehouse was issued at 90% complete and has begun the last review process. A constructability review is scheduled for early May. The Project Manager has been working with the LANL estimating group to get the class 3 estimate for review. The Oxide Production Cage Upgrade project has kicked-off efforts on the 30% design. Requirements documentation has been drafted. The floor space was walked-down with other project managers and stakeholders and the boundaries were agreed upon.

ARIES↗