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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Hybrid Solar Thermal Energy System for District Heating Application

Solar district heating (SDH) systems can be good alternatives to conventional systems when they are optimized with hybrid configurations and thermal energy storage (TES). In this scope, a hybrid renewable thermal energy system (RTES) model has been built combining flat plate collector (FPC) solar system with parabolic trough collector (PTC) system via a heat exchanger and coupled with TES. To undertake the hybridization of the system, System Advisor Model (SAM) software was modified, which allowed control over configurations and more accurate modelling of heat transfer between the collectors. The model is first compared to an existing hybrid solar district heating systems (DHS) system in Taars, Denmark. The results showed a good correlation with an overestimation of only 6.4% compared to most recent heat output. Then the same system configuration was modeled in different geographic locations to investigate the impact of changes in direct normal irradiance (DNI) to the heat sink thermal output of the hybrid system. The results showed that the annual net thermal power output in California, USA can be three times more than the annual net thermal power output in Taars, Denmark. Finally, multiple hybrid configurations with varying solar field sizes were simulated based on the heat demand of two different university campuses DHS. The results showed that, retrofit applications of this hybrid DHS system coupled with TES could reduce the natural gas consumption of the existing systems between 25% and 41%. The use of hybrid RTES highlighted in this paper can be extended to many more opportunities.

district heating↗
DOE OSTI2013

Communication devices for network-hopping communications and methods of network-hopping communications

Wireless communication devices include a software-defined radio coupled to processing circuitry. The system controller is configured to execute computer programming code. Storage media is coupled to the system controller and includes computer programming code configured to cause the system controller to configure and reconfigure the software-defined radio to operate on each of a plurality of communication networks according to a selected sequence. Methods for communicating with a wireless device and methods of wireless network-hopping are also disclosed.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Make safety awareness a priority: Use a login software in your research facility

We report on a facility login software, whose objective is to improve safety in multi-user research facilities. Its most important safety features are: 1) blocks users from entering the lab after being absent for more than a predetermined number of days; 2) gives users a random safety quiz question, which they need to answer satisfactorily in order to use the facility; 3) blocks unauthorized users from using the facility afterhours; and 4) displays the current users in the facility. Besides restricting access to unauthorized users, the software keeps users mindful of key safety concepts. In addition, integration of the software with a door controller system can convert it into an effective physical safety mechanism. Depending on DOE approval, the code may be available as open source.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Data-driven cyber-attack detection for photovoltaic systems: A transfer learning approach

With increasing exposure to software-based sensing and control, power systems are facing higher risks of cyber/physical attacks. Here, to ensure system stability and minimize the potential economic losses, it is imperative to monitor the operating states and detect those attacks at the early stage. In this paper, a transfer learning method is proposed to detect cyber-attacks in photovoltaic (PV) systems with much less training data. First of all, two PV systems with a different number of PV inverters and power ratings are analyzed and their attack models are studied. Next, an attack detection Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was trained with rich amount of data from PV #1. Then, transfer learning was proposed to transfer the well-trained features from PV #1 to PV #2. Lastly, the attack detection model on PV #2 was trained based on the transferred CNN model. The experiment results show that the proposed transfer learning method achieves better accuracy and a faster convergence rate with a much less training dataset than conventional deep learning.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Data-driven Cyberattack Detection for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems through Analyzing Micro-PMU Data

With increasing exposure to software-based sensing and control, Photovoltaic (PV) systems are facing higher risks of cyber attacks. Here, to ensure the system stability and minimize potential economic losses, it is imperative to monitor operating states and detect attacks at the early stage. To meet this demand, Micro-Phasor Measurement Units (μPMU) are increasingly popular in monitoring distribution networks. However, due to the relatively low sampling rate, μPMU has not yet been used to detect and classify cyber-attacks in power electronics enabled smart grid. To our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to use μPMU to detect cyber attacks that degrade the performance of power electronics systems. We propose to apply data-driven methods on micro-PMU data to implement attack detection. We have evaluated data-driven methods, including decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed CNN model achieves the required performances with the highest 99.23% accuracy and 0.9963 F 1 score.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Virtual Framework for Development and Testing of Federation Software Stack

Softwarization of networked infrastructures combined with containerization of codes promises unprecedented computing capabilities distributed across the federations of computing systems and physical instruments. The development and testing of a software stack that implements these capabilities over an expensive physical production infrastructure is not cost-effective, and in the early stages, may potentially cause service disruptions. To address these aspects, we develop the Virtual Federated Science Instrument Environment (VFSIE), a digital twin of the physical infrastructure that emulates a multi-site federation. Each federated site is emulated using containers and virtual hosts that are connected over local-area networks, and the sites, in turn, are connected over an emulated wide-area network. We describe the framework design and implementation details. We also illustrate its application by emulating a federation of four laboratories that use Jupyter Notebook for computations and the EPICS software system for instrument control.

Al Najjar, Anees↗
DOE OSTI2024

Online Dynamic Cyber-Attack Diagnosis in Power Electronics Systems Based on Few-Shot Learning

With increasing exposure to software-based sensing and control, power electronics systems are facing higher risks of cyber-physical attacks. To ensure system stability and minimize potential economic losses, it is critical to monitor the operating states and detect those attacks at the early stage. However, anomaly detection and diagnosis of attacks are still challenging, especially when labeled anomaly data is difficult or even infeasible to obtain. To overcome this problem, we propose a Few-Shot Learning (FSL) based approach for cyber-attack diagnosis leveraging the waveform data. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt at leveraging FSL for cyber-attack diagnosis in power electronics systems. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach can achieve comparable diagnosis accuracy with the state-of-the-art data-driven methods using less than 0.04% of the training samples.

Li, Qi↗
DOE OSTI2016

SU-F-T-263: Dosimetric Characteristics of the Cine Acquisition Mode of An A-Si EPID

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric characteristics of Varian a-Si-500 electronic portal imaging device (EPID) operated in cine mode particularly considering linearity with delivered dose, dose rate, field size, phantom thickness, MLC speed and common IMRT fields. Methods: The EPID that attached to a Varian Clinac 21iX linear accelerator, was irradiated with 6 and 18 MV using 600 MU/min. Image acquisition is controlled by the IAS3 software, Trigger delay was 6 ms, BeamOnDelay and FrameStartDelay were zero. Different frame rates were utilized. Cine mode response was calculated using MATLAB as summation of mean pixel values in a region of interest of the acquired images. The performance of cine mode was compared to integrated mode and dose measurements in water using CC13 ionization chamber. Results: Figure1 illustrates that cine mode has nonlinear response for small MU, when delivering 10 MU was about 0.5 and 0.64 for 6 and 18 MV respectively. This is because the missing acquired images that were calculated around four images missing in each delivery. With the increase MU the response became linear and comparable with integrated mode and ionization chamber within 2%. Figure 2 shows that cine mode has comparable response with integrated mode and ionization chamber within 2% with changing dose rate for 10 MU delivered. This indicates that the dose rate change has no effect on nonlinearity of cine mode response. Except nonlinearity, cine mode is well matched to integrated mode response within 2% for field size, phantom thickness, MLC speed dependences. Conclusion: Cine mode has similar dosimetric characteristics to integrated mode with open and IMRT fields, and the main limitation with cine mode is missing images. Therefore, the calibration of EPID images with this mode should be run with large MU, and when IMRT verification field has low MU, the correction for missing images are required.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

TU-H-BRA-04: A Novel Superconducting Magnet Design for Optimized Patient Access and Minimal SSD for Use in a Linac-MR Hybrid

Purpose: A prototype rotating hybrid MR imaging system and linac has been developed to allow for simultaneous imaging and radiation delivery parallel to B{sub 0}. However, the design of a compact magnet capable of rotation in a small vault with sufficient patient access and a typical clinical source-to-surface distance (SSD) is challenging. This work presents a novel superconducting magnet design that allows for a reduced SSD and ample patient access by moving the superconducting coils to the side of the yoke. The yoke and pole-plate structures are shaped to direct the magnetic flux appropriately. Methods: The surface of the pole plate for the magnet assembly is optimized. The magnetic field calculations required in this work are performed with the 3D finite element method software package Opera-3D. Each tentative design strategy is virtually modeled in this software package and externally controlled by MATLAB, with its key geometries defined as variables. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the variables subject to the minimization of a cost function. At each iteration, Opera-3D will solve the magnetic field solution over a field-of-view suitable for MR imaging and the degree of field uniformity will be assessed to calculate the value of the cost function associated with that iteration. Results: An optimized magnet assembly that generates a homogenous 0.2T magnetic field over an ellipsoid with large axis of 30 cm and small axes of 20 cm is obtained. Conclusion: The distinct features of this model are the minimal distance between the yoke’s top and the isocentre and the improved patient access. On the other hand, having homogeneity over an ellipsoid give us a larger field-of-view, essential for geometric accuracy of the MRI system. The increase of B{sub 0} from 0.2T in the present model to 0.5T is the subject of future work. Funding Sources: Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions (AIHS)| Disclosure and Conflict of Interest: B. Gino Fallone is a co-founder and CEO of MagnetTx Oncology Solutions (under discussions to license Alberta biplanar linac MR for commercialization).

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

CoreMS AutoQC Uploader

The invention is a self contained software utility that is deployed on the computer controlling a mass spectrometer. The purpose of the software is to monitor a given directory for files matching a user specified criteria and automatically upload matching files to a remote server as well as trigger a request that the data be processed by the cloud based CoreMS software

Rabus, Jordan [Pacific Northwest National Laborato↗
DOE OSTI2025

Paraview-MCP

This project provides a streamlined way for users to interact with and control powerful scientific visualization software (ParaView) through a conversational interface. By developing an automated "Model Context Protocol" (MCP) server with a Python-based ParaView manager, the system allows users to seamlessly load and visualize complex datasets, explore visualization options with AI assistance, and optimize visualization output in a close loop. This is achieved by issuing intuitive, natural-language commands. The result is a user-friendly interface that integrates high-level conversation and scriptable data visualization, making scientific visualization tools more accessible to a broad audience.

Liu, Shusen [Lawrence Livermore National Laborator↗
DOE OSTI2025

otsdaq

otsdaq is a Ready-to-Use data-acquisition (DAQ) solution aimed at scaling down to test-beam, detector development, and other rapid-deployment scenarios; and scaling up through the development cycle to fullscale production and operation. otsdaq uses the artdaq DAQ framework under-the-hood, providing flexibility and scalability to meet evolving DAQ needs. otsdaq provides a library of supported front-end boards and firmware modules which implement a custom UDP protocol. Additionally, an integrated Run Control GUI and readout software are provided, preconfigured to communicate with otsdaq firmware.

Rivera, Ryan [Fermi National Accelerator Laborator↗
DOE OSTI2025

CODARcode/MGARD

MGARD is a software providing error-controlled lossy compression and data refactoring based on multi-grid theories. It transforms floating-point scientific data into a multilevel representation, followed by quantization and lossless encoding processes, resulting in a self-describing compressed buffer. It supports diverse data topologies, error control norms, and computing architectures.

Chen, Jieyang [University of Oregon]↗
DOE OSTI2011

Target Diagnostics Supports NIF's Path to Ignition

The physics requirements derived from the National Ignition Facility (NIF) experimental campaigns are leading to a wide variety of target diagnostics. Software development for the control and analysis of these diagnostics is included in the NIF Integrated Computer Control System, Diagnostic Control System and Data Visualization. These projects implement the configuration, controls, data analysis and visual representation of most of these diagnostics. To date, over 40 target diagnostics have been developed to support NIF experiments. In 2011 diagnostics were developed or enhanced to measure Ignition performance in a high neutron yield environment. Performance is optimized around four key variables: Adiabat (a) which is the strength and timing of four shocks delivered to the target, Velocity (V) of the imploding target, Mix (M) is the uniformity of the burn, and the Shape (S) of the imploding Deuterium Tritium (DT) hot spot. The diagnostics used to measure each of these parameters is shown in figure 1. Adiabat is measured using the Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) diagnostic consisting of three streak cameras. To provide for more accurate adiabat measurements the VISAR streak cameras were enhanced in FY11 with a ten comb fiducial signal controller to allow for post shot correction of the streak camera sweep non-linearity. Mix is measured by the Neutron Time of Flight (NTOF) and Radiochemical Analysis of Gaseous Samples (RAGS) diagnostics. To accommodate high neutron yield shots, NTOF diagnostic controls are being modified to use Mach Zehnder interferometer signals to allow the digitizers to be moved from near the target chamber to the neutron shielded diagnostic mezzanine. In December 2011 the first phase of RAGS diagnostic commissioning will be completed. This diagnostic will analyze the tracers that are added to NIF target capsules that undergo nuclear reactions during the shot. These gases are collected and purified for nuclear counting by the RAGS system. Three new instrument controllers were developed and commissioned to support this diagnostic. A residual-gas analyzer (RGA) instrument measures the gas content at various points in the system. The Digital Gamma Spectrometer instrument measures the radiological spectrum of the decaying gas isotopes. A final instrument controller was developed to interface to a PLC based Gas collection system. In order to support the implosion velocity measurements an additional Gated X-ray Detector (GXD) diagnostic was tested and commissioned. This third GXD views the target through a slit contained in its snout and allows the other GXD diagnostics to be used for measuring the shape on the same shot. In order to measure the implosion shape in a high neutron environment, Actide Readout In A Neutron Environment (ARIANE) and Neutron Imaging (NI) diagnostics were commissioned. The controls for ARIANE, a fixed port gated x-ray imager, contain a neutron shielded camera and micro channel plate pulser with its neutron sensitive electronics located in the diagnostic mezzanine. The NI diagnostic is composed of two Spectral Instruments SI-1000 cameras located 20M from the target and provides neutron images of the DT hot spot for high yield shots. The development and commissioning of these new or enhanced diagnostics in FY11 have provided meaningful insight that facilitates the optimization of the four key Ignition variables. In FY12 they will be adding three new diagnostics and enhancing four existing diagnostics in support of the continuing optimization series of campaigns.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Software Quality Assurance Plan for the Geochemist’s Workbench®

The Geochemist’s Workbench® (GWB) Release 10.0.10 is a geochemical modeling suite for simulating the reactive fate and transport of radionuclides and other metals in aqueous systems including groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediment. At the Savannah River National Laboratory, GWB plays an important role in the preparation of Performance Assessments involving cementitious materials. The software classification for GWB is Level “C.” GWB was purchased from Aqueous Solutions LLC and came into existence outside of the Software Quality Assurance procedures; therefore, it is considered “existing/acquired” software. This Software Quality Assurance Plan addresses verification techniques and the required life cycle components for Level “C” existing/acquired software (i.e., “Evaluation,”“Configuration Control,” and “Cyber Security Analysis”) with other elements optionally applied using a graded approach.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Securing Inverter Communication: Proactive Intrusion Detection and Mitigation System to Tap, Analyze, and Act

The electric grid has undergone rapid, revolutionary changes in recent years; from the addition of advanced smart technologies to the growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) to increased interconnectivity and communications. However, these added communications, access interfaces, and third-party software to enable autonomous control schemes and interconnectivity also expand the attack surface of the grid. To address the gap of DER cybersecurity and secure the grid-edge to motivate a holistic, defense-in-depth approach, a proactive intrusion detection and mitigation system (PIDMS) device was developed to secure PV smart inverter communications. The PIDMS was developed as a distributed, flexible bump-in-the-wire (BITW) solution for protecting PV smart inverter communications. Both cyber (network traffic) and physical (power system measurements) are processed using network intrusion monitoring tools and custom machinelearning algorithms for deep packet analysis and cyber-physical event correlation. The PIDMS not only detects abnormal events but also deploys mitigations to limit or eliminate system impact; the PIDMS communicates with peer PIDMSs at different locations using the MQTT protocol for increased situational awareness and alerting. The details of the PIDMS methodology and prototype development are detailed in this report as well as the evaluation results within a cyber-physical emulation environment and subsequent industry feedback.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Hardware-in-the-Loop Using Electromagnetic Transient Simulation

Digital real time simulators have the capability to run electromagnetic transient simulations in real time. This capability allows users to leverage the hardware-software combination to evaluate controller performance, protection device performance, and power device performance. This has helped many field deployment projects to be successful and be cost-effective. In this talk, we will present current state-of-art, and future of real time electromagnetic transient simulation and its impacts on field deployment.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2013

SOWFA Super-Controller: A High-Fidelity Tool for Evaluating Wind Plant Control Approaches

This paper presents a new tool for testing wind plant controllers in the Simulator for Offshore Wind Farm Applications (SOWFA). SOWFA is a high-fidelity simulator for the interaction between wind turbine dynamics and the fluid flow in a wind plant. The new super-controller testing environment in SOWFA allows for the implementation of the majority of the wind plant control strategies proposed in the literature.

17 WIND ENERGY↗