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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Quantifying Reliability - The Next Step for a Rapidly Maturing PV Industry and China's Role

PV customers wish to know how long their PV modules will last, but quantitatively predicting service life is difficult because of the large number of ways that a module can fail, the variability of the use environment, the cost of the testing, and the short product development time, especially when compared with the long desired lifetime. China should play a key role in developing international standards because China manufactures most of the world's PV modules. The presentation will describe the steps that need to be taken to create a service life prediction within the context of a defined bill of materials, process window and use environment. Worldwide standards for cost-effective approaches to service-life predictions will be beneficial to both PV customers and manufacturers since the consequences of premature module failure can be disastrous for both.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Organizational Culture for Safety, Security, and Safeguards in New Nuclear Power Countries

This chapter will contain the following sections: Existing international norms and standards for developing the infrastructure to support new nuclear power programs The role of organizational culture and how it supports the safe, secure, and peaceful application of nuclear power Identifying effective and efficient strategies for implementing safety, security and safeguards in nuclear operations Challenges identified in the implementation of safety, security and safeguards Potential areas for future collaboration between countries in order to support nonproliferation culture

Kovacic, Donald N↗
DOE OSTI2019

Fighting Flicker

Thanks in part to the rapid emergence of LED lighting, the phenomenon of flicker has been getting increased attention. All conventional light sources modulate luminous flux and intensity to some degree, usually as a consequence of drawing power from AC mains sources. But whereas conventional light sources have somewhat delayed responses to changes in electrical current – which serves to “cushion” them to some degree against flickering – the LED and its driver respond instantly to such changes, which can result in stark fluctuations in light output. And while these fluctuations may not be noticeable to everyone, they can still result in health and task performance problems. Understanding and countering flicker is essential to the success of high-efficiency lighting technology. That’s why the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solid-State Lighting Program conducts flicker research and is supporting a number of industry committees (CIE 1-83: Visual Aspects of Time-Modulated Lighting Systems; CIE 2-89: Measurement of Temporal Light Modulation of Light Sources and Lighting Systems; and the IES Testing Procedures Committee) that are developing flicker standards for measurement, acceptability, and metrics. A wide variety of technical resources on flicker can be found at https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/flicker.

lighting, flicker, flicker meters, Flicker metrics↗
DOE OSTI2019

Suggested Modifications for Bifacial Capacity Testing: Preprint

Capacity tests such as those described in ASTM 2848 and IEC 61724-2 are widely used during the contracting and acceptance testing of PV systems. With the increasing deployment of bifacial PV modules, there is a need to develop a standardized approach to capacity test these systems. Although variability and bias error was inherently higher for the measured capacity of bifacial systems, it could be reduced to a level consistent with the monofacial reference system by appropriate incorporation of rear irradiance- either measured or modeled. Three field installations provided bifacial system capacity that was measured with a mean bias error and standard deviation within 1% over the 2-10 month observation period. Capacity test accuracy could be improved further by utilizing measured back-of-module temperature and the IEC 61724-2 test method.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

EDX Spatial: Leveraging cloud and hybrid data management resources for spatial data

In the last few years, the National Energy Technology Laboratory has started leveraging cloud-hosted services for hosting spatial data collections published on the Energy Data eXchange (EDX). Using cloud-hosted storage and compute options offers multiple benefits for visualization and tool development through utilization of spatial data resources. The transition from on-premises services to cloud-hosted services has enabled a few key features: increased accessibility of large derivative datasets, dynamic integration of external authoritative data resources directly from outside entities through representational state transfer application programming interfaces (REST API), and the ability to produce complex mapping applications, dashboards, and online maps. As a result of the shift, NETL has launched EDX Spatial, a platform that leverages on-premises resources combined with cloud compute capabilities to enable enhanced online mapping interfaces and optimize data access. In addition, a unified workflow for handling the public release of spatial data products through EDX has been developed, including standardization of data hosting practices, metadata, symbology, and application elements. This poster reviews the opportunity of leveraging cloud-hosted and hybrid data management solutions for spatial data, and discusses the benefits and lessons learned while leveraging these services through the data repository EDX.

Morkner, Paige↗
DOE OSTI2016

Establishment of technical basis to implement accident tolerant fuels and component to existing LWRs

Fuel cladding, channel box, and control rod designed with new materials and concepts have been developed in Japan for increasing accident tolerance of Light Water Reactors (LWRs). Fundamental data have been mainly accumulated from the viewpoint of material technology. In order to create the technical basis for the practical use of the accident tolerant fuels (ATFs) and the other components in LWRs, a program sponsored and organized by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan has been initiated. Main candidate materials of the ATFs and components in Japan are silicon carbide (SiC), stainless steel including oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS) FeCrAl alloys, and tri-structural-isotropic (TRISO) fuel. First of all, current status of development of the candidates was investigated using information released from inside and outside Japan. Based on the results of the investigation, technology readiness of the candidates was evaluated and the attribute guide was created to clarify technical subjects for the practical use as the core components of the existing LWRs. For that purpose, a technology readiness table was reviewed in terms of fuel rod design, production and quality management, core and plant design, safety evaluation for design basis accident and severe accident, safety evaluation for transport and storage, establishment of treatment and disposal technologies, and development of standards and criteria, with 9 readiness levels. Considering the reviewed technology readiness table and the additionally evaluated influence of implementation of the new materials, a map of remaining subjects for research/development (Attribute guide) was prepared. Finally, a research plan was drafted for design and fabrication towards implementation of ATFs and components to the existing LWRs. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

SMALL UNMANNED MARINE HYDROKINETIC PLATFORMS FOR POWER GENERATION IN COASTAL AND TIDAL WATERS

The feasibility and optimization of small unmanned mobile marine hydrokinetic (MHK) energy platforms for harvesting marine current energy in coastal and tidal waters are examined. A case study of a platform based on the use of a free-surface waterwheel (FSWW) mounted on an autonomous unmanned surface vehicle (USV) was conducted. Such platforms can serve as recharging stations for aerial drones (UAVs), enabling extension of the UAVs’ autonomous operating time. An unmanned MHK platform potentially meets this need with sustainable power harvested from water currents. For the case study, six different waterwheel configurations were field-tested in the Intracoastal Waterway of South Florida in support of determining the configuration that produced the most power. Required technologies for unmanned operations of the MHK platform were developed and tested. The data from the field-testing were analyzed to develop an empirical relation between the wheel’s theoretical hydrokinetic power produced and the mechanical power harnessed by the MHK platform with various waterwheel configurations during field-testing. The field data was also used to determine the electrical power generated by the FSWW configurations during field-testing. The study has led to the development of standardized testing procedures. The empirical relation is used to examine predicted power production through scaling up different physical aspects of the waterwheel.

McKinney, Adriana↗
DOE OSTI1975

Nuclear Safety [Vol. 16, No. 1, January-February 1975]

Nuclear Safety covers significant developments in the field of nuclear safety. The scope is limited to topics relevant to the analysis and control of hazards associated with nuclear energy, operations involving fissionable materials, and the products of nuclear fission and their effects on the environment. Primary emphasis is on safety in reactor design, construction, and operation; however, safety considerations in regard to the entire fuel cycle, including fuel fabrication, spent-fuel processing, nuclear waste disposal, handling of radioisotopes, and environmental effects of these operations, are also treated. Table of Contents for this issue follows. Table of Contents for this issue follows. GENERAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS: 1 AEC Working Paper on Population Density Around Nuclear Power-Plant Sites Adapted by J. Ft. Buchanan, 8 Water-Reactor Safety-Research Information Meeting by Wm. B. Cottrell, D. O. Hobson, and G. D. Whitman; ACCIDENT ANALYSIS: 29 Burnout in Boiling Heat Transfer. Part I: Pool-Boiling Systems by A. E. Bergles; PLANT SAFETY FEATURES: 43 Radionuclide Behavior During Normal Operation of Liquid-Metal-Cooled Fast Breeder Reactors. Part 1: Production by C. A. Erdman and A. B. Reynolds; CONSEQUENCES OF EFFLUENT RELEASE: 60 The Control, Monitoring, and Reporting of Radioactivity in Effluents. Part 1: AEC-Owned Facilities by M. B. Biles and F. E. Coffman, 71 The Control, Monitoring, and Reporting of Radioactivity in Effluents. Part 2: AEC-Licensed Facilities by L. B. Higginbotham and J. T. Collins; OPERATING EXPERIENCES: 76 Incident at the Lucens Reactor by J. M. Miller, 79 IAEA Symposium on Experience from Operating and Fueling of Nuclear Power Reactors by William A. Pryor, 87 Recent Occurrences at Nuclear Reactors and Their Causes Compiled by William R. Casto, 98 Summary of Operating U. S. Power Reactors as of Nov. 1. 1974, 101 Selected Safety-Related Occurrences Reported in September and October 1974 Compiled by William R. Casto; CURRENT EVENTS: 104 General Administrative Activities Compiled by Wm. B. Cottrell, 110 Action on Power-Reactor Projects Undergoing Regulatory Review or Consideration Compiled by Wm. B. Cottrell, 119 Action on Nonreactor Projects Undergoing Regulatory Review or Consideration Compiled by Wm. B. Cottrell, 121 Proposed Rule Changes as of Oct. 31, 1974; MISCELLANY: 97 ASTM—Euratom Symposium on Radiation Dosimetry: Developments and Standardization (Announcement), 118 Workshops on In-Pile Filter Testing (Announcement), 119 IAEA Symposium on Radiological Impacts from Releases from Nuclear Facilities into Aquatic Environments (Announcement).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Implementing an Objectives-Driven, Risk-Informed, and Case-Assured Approach to Safety and Mission Success at NASA

NASA is developing a “Standard for Assurance of Space Flight Safety and Mission Success” that implements an objectives-driven, risk-informed, and case-assured approach to safety and mission success (S&MS) for NASA space flight programs and projects. The standard aligns with the philosophy of risk leadership that has recently been established in NASA policy to assure acceptable levels of flight crew safety and mission success risk. It is consistent with existing NASA risk management requirements and is compatible with NASA program management and systems engineering requirements. The methodology described in the standard is presented in terms of an S&MS assurance framework that is designed to allow substantial flexibility in the specific means by which programs and projects achieve acceptable mission S&MS risk. Such flexibility is necessary to accommodate the increasingly broad range of acquisition strategies employed by NASA, including commercial transportation services, as well as to accommodate the increasingly rapid evolution of space flight-related technologies and practices. A key feature of the S&MS assurance framework is the specification of S&MS success criteria for each life-cycle review (LCR). The S&MS assurance case is structured around these criteria, the satisfaction of which indicates that the program/project is adhering to the S&MS risk posture. This enables the evolving S&MS assurance case to be used as a fundamental program/project submittal at each LCR, where its inherent structure of argument, supported by evidence, directly supports the evaluation of the program/project with respect to the S&MS success criteria, and by extension, the S&MS risk posture. As such, the S&MS assurance case is integral to program/project systems engineering, risk management, and S&MS oversight activities, and provides the principal basis for S&MS risk acceptance by the Decision Authority throughout the program/project life cycle.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Progress in the development of the community Particle Accelerator Lattice Standard (PALS)

The Particle Accelerator Lattice Standard (PALS) is a community effort to create an open standard to promote lattice information exchange for particle accelerators. PALS development is a community-wide international effort involving accelerator physicists from multiple institutions. While it started as a lattice standard for beam dynamics simulations, it is now being extended to support other particle accelerator activities, in particular accelerator operation. With new accelerators that are becoming more complex, larger collaborations and the increasing imprint of artificial intelligence in all accelerator activities (from design to operation to workforce development), the imperative for a common, standardized accelerator ontology has been transitioning from “nice-to-have” to “must-have”. We will present the status of the project, its relations to other projects, including to two of the particle accelerator projects of the newly announced US DOE Genesis Mission: the Multi-Office Accelerator Team (MOAT) project and the Nuclear physics AI-Ready Accelerator Data (NARAD) project.

Brynes, A. [Science and Technology Facilities Coun↗
DOE OSTI2014

WE-E-12A-01: Medical Physics 1.0 to 2.0: MRI, Displays, Informatics

Medical Physics 2.0 is a bold vision for an existential transition of clinical imaging physics in face of the new realities of value-based and evidence-based medicine, comparative effectiveness, and meaningful use. It speaks to how clinical imaging physics can expand beyond traditional insular models of inspection and acceptance testing, oriented toward compliance, towards team-based models of operational engagement, prospective definition and assurance of effective use, and retrospective evaluation of clinical performance. Organized into four sessions of the AAPM, this particular session focuses on three specific modalities as outlined below. MRI 2.0: This presentation will look into the future of clinical MR imaging and what the clinical medical physicist will need to be doing as the technology of MR imaging evolves. Many of the measurement techniques used today will need to be expanded to address the advent of higher field imaging systems and dedicated imagers for specialty applications. Included will be the need to address quality assurance and testing metrics for multi-channel MR imagers and hybrid devices such as MR/PET systems. New pulse sequences and acquisition methods, increasing use of MR spectroscopy, and real-time guidance procedures will place the burden on the medical physicist to define and use new tools to properly evaluate these systems, but the clinical applications must be understood so that these tools are use correctly. Finally, new rules, clinical requirements, and regulations will mean that the medical physicist must actively work to keep her/his sites compliant and must work closely with physicians to ensure best performance of these systems. Informatics Display 1.0 to 2.0: Medical displays are an integral part of medical imaging operation. The DICOM and AAPM (TG18) efforts have led to clear definitions of performance requirements of monochrome medical displays that can be followed by medical physicists to ensure proper performance. However, effective implementation of that oversight has been challenging due to the number and extend of medical displays in use at a facility. The advent of color display and mobile displays has added additional challenges to the task of the medical physicist. This informatics display lecture first addresses the current display guidelines (the 1.0 paradigm) and further outlines the initiatives and prospects for color and mobile displays (the 2.0 paradigm). Informatics Management 1.0 to 2.0: Imaging informatics is part of every radiology practice today. Imaging informatics covers everything from the ordering of a study, through the data acquisition and processing, display and archiving, reporting of findings and the billing for the services performed. The standardization of the processes used to manage the information and methodologies to integrate these standards is being developed and advanced continuously. These developments are done in an open forum and imaging organizations and professionals all have a part in the process. In the Informatics Management presentation, the flow of information and the integration of the standards used in the processes will be reviewed. The role of radiologists and physicists in the process will be discussed. Current methods (the 1.0 paradigm) and evolving methods (the 2.0 paradigm) for validation of informatics systems function will also be discussed. Learning Objectives: Identify requirements for improving quality assurance and compliance tools for advanced and hybrid MRI systems. Identify the need for new quality assurance metrics and testing procedures for advanced systems. Identify new hardware systems and new procedures needed to evaluate MRI systems. Understand the components of current medical physics expectation for medical displays. Understand the role and prospect fo medical physics for color and mobile display devices. Understand different areas of imaging informatics and the methodology for developing informatics standards. Understand the current status of informatics standards and the role of physicists and radiologists in the process, and the current technology for validating the function of these systems.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

DOE OE Energy Storage Systems Safety Roadmap Focus on Proposed Changes to the ICC International Codes Special Briefing Paper — Unofficial Hearing Results April 2018

The goal of the DOE OE ESS Safety Roadmap1 is to foster confidence in the safety and reliability of energy storage systems (ESSs). Three interrelated objectives support the realization of that goal: research, codes and standards, and communication/coordination. The objective focused on codes and standards is - To apply research and development (R&D) to support efforts that are focused on ensuring that codes and standards are available to enable the safe implementation of ESSs in a comprehensive, non-discriminatory and science-based manner. The purpose of this special briefing paper is to support the above objective by providing information about current and upcoming efforts being conducted by U.S. standards developing organizations, specifically code changes associated with the 2018 Group A International Codes (I-Codes) of the International Code Council (ICC) that are relevant to ESSs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Standard Analytical Methods for Pyrolysis Bio-Oils

There has been significant recent interest in the production of renewable fuels and chemicals from biomass and waste feedstocks. Pyrolysis pathways produce a liquid bio-oil product, which must be processed further, or upgraded, to yield fuel or chemical products. Bio-oils are very complex and often unstable samples, and research and development on upgrading processes needs reliable analytical information. In particular, chemical characterization techniques are needed to quantify both functional groups and individual compounds present in bio-oils. Reliable analytics are also needed to enable the bioenergy industry, as industrial facilities often have different analytical needs and capabilities than research facilities. In this presentation, we will discuss the development of a suite of standard analytical methods for pyrolysis bio-oils. Analytical methods to be discussed include: Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in bio-oils; Accelerated Aging of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil using Carbonyl Titration; Determination of Water Content in Bio-oils by Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration; Determination of Carbon Functional Groups; Elemental Analysis of Bio-oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) - Na, K, Mg, Ca, S, P, and Fe; Determination of Phenolic Groups in Bio-oils using Revised Folin-Ciocalteu Methods: Single Cuvette and Plate Reader; Corrosivity of Bio-oils: Screening Test using Metal Leaching; Determination of Biogenic Content by 14C Measurement using Liquid Scintillation Counter. These new analytical methods are publicly available as Laboratory Analytical Procedures (https://www.nrel.gov/bioenergy/bio-oil-analysis.html), along with previously developed standard methods: GC-MS, Acid Titration, Carbonyl Titration, and 31P NMR. Additionally, the development of diffusion ordered NMR for characterization of bio-oil molecular weight will be discussed. Collectively, this suite of analytical methods represents the most comprehensive set of standard methods available for pyrolysis bio-oils. These standard methods are commonly used by the bioenergy community, and provide reliable information that enables research, scaleup, and industrial processing of biomass to produce renewable fuels and chemicals.

analytical↗