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At least 487 records · Page 27

Singular asymptotic expansions in nonlinear rotordynamics

During hot firing ground testing of the Space Shuttle's Main Engine, vibrations of the liquid oxygen pump occur at frequencies which cannot be explained by the linear Jeffcott model of the rotor. The model becomes nonlinear after accounting for deadband, side forces, and rubbing. Two phenomena present in the numerical solutions of the differential equations are unexpected periodic orbits of the rotor and tracking of the nonlinear frequency. A multiple scale asymptotic expansion of the differential equations is used to give an analytic explanation of these characteristics.

Day, W. B.↗

Singular asymptotic expansions in nonlinear rotordynamics

During hot firing ground testing of the Space shuttle's Main Engine, vibrations of the liquid oxygen pump occur at frequencies which cannot be explained by the linear Jeffcott model of the rotor. The model becomes nonlinear after accounting for deadband, side forces, and rubbing. Two phenomena present in the numerical solutions of the differential equations are unexpected periodic orbits of the rotor and tracking of the nonlinear frequency. A multiple scale asymptotic expansion of the differential equations is used to give an analytic explanation of these characteristics.

Day, W. B.↗

Orbit determination singularities in the Doppler tracking of a planetary orbiter

On a number of occasions, spacecraft launched by the U.S. have been placed into orbit about the moon, Venus, or Mars. It is pointed out that, in particular, in planetary orbiter missions two-way coherent Doppler data have provided the principal data type for orbit determination applications. The present investigation is concerned with the problem of orbit determination on the basis of Doppler tracking data in the case of a spacecraft in orbit about a natural body other than the earth or the sun. Attention is given to Doppler shift associated with a planetary orbiter, orbit determination using a zeroth-order model for the Doppler shift, and orbit determination using a first-order model for the Doppler shift.

Wood, L. J.↗

Incipient singularities in the Navier-Stokes equations

Infinite pointwise stretching in a finite time for general initial conditions is found in a simulation of the Biot-Savart equation for a slender vortex tube in three dimensions. Viscosity is ineffective in limiting the divergence in the vorticity as long as it remains concentrated in tubes. Stability has not been shown.

Siggia, E. D.↗

Orthotropic fracture using a singular isoparametric element

The six noded quarter point natural isoparametric triangular element is employed to obtain displacement and stress distributions in the vicinity of the crack tip in a center cracked tensile coupon of unidirectional graphite epoxy. The material is considered to be homogeneous, elastic and orthotropic. The finite element results are compared to the analytical solution of anisotropic elasticity. Convergence as a function of mesh parameters is studied for isotropic and orthotropic materials. It is shown that displacements converge faster than stresses and that meshes which are convergent for isotropic and orthotropic materials. It is shown that displacements converge faster than stresses and that meshes which are convergent for isotropic materials are not completely convergent for the highly orthotropic graphite epoxy.

Gregory, M. A.↗

On singular cases in the design derivative of Green's functional

The author's prior development of a general abstract representation for the design sensitivities of Green's functional for linear structural systems is extended to the case where the structural stiffness vanishes at an internal location. This situation often occurs in the optimal design of structures. Most optimality criteria require that optimally designed beams be statically determinate. For clamped-pinned beams, for example, this is possible only if the flexural stiffness vanishes at some intermediate location. The Green's function for such structures depends upon the stiffness and the location where it vanishes. A precise representation for Green's function's sensitivity to the location of vanishing stiffness is presented for beams and axisymmetric plates.

Reiss, Robert↗

A Methodology for Multiple Rule System Integration and Resolution Within a Singular Knowledge Base

Expert Systems which support knowledge representation by qualitative modeling techniques experience problems, when called upon to support integrated views embodying description and explanation, especially when other factors such as multiple causality, competing rule model resolution, and multiple uses of knowledge representation are included. A series of prototypes are being developed to demonstrate the feasibility of automating the process of systems engineering, design and configuration, and diagnosis and fault management. A study involves not only a generic knowledge representation; it must also support multiple views at varying levels of description and interaction between physical elements, systems, and subsystems. Moreover, it will involve models of description and explanation for each level. This multiple model feature requires the development of control methods between rule systems and heuristics on a meta-level for each expert system involved in an integrated and larger class of expert system. The broadest possible category of interacting expert systems is described along with a general methodology for the knowledge representation and control of mutually exclusive rule systems.

Kautzmann, Frank N., III↗

Fracture of composites using singular finite elements

Six noded quarter point natural isoparametric triangular elements are employed to obtain displacement and stress distributions around the crack tip in unidirectional graphite epoxy. The performance of the quarter point element for predicting crack growth direction in unidirectional composite materials is studied for different loading conditions and fiber orientations. The finite element results are compared to analytical solutions of anisotropic elasticity where available. Notched Iosipescu shear specimens are analyzed to study fracture behavior under shear loading. Two methods for determining stress intensity factors are presented.

Choksi, G. N.↗

Shock-layer bounds for a singularly perturbed equation

The size of the shock-layer governed by a conservation law is studied. The conservation law is a parabolic reaction-convection-diffusion equation with a small parameter multiplying the diffusion term and convex flux. Rigorous upper and lower bounding functions for the solution of the conservation law are established based on maximum-principle arguments. The bounding functions demonstrate that the size of the shock-layer is proportional to the parameter multiplying the diffusion term.

Scroggs, Jeffrey S.↗

On a class of unsteady three-dimensional Navier Stokes solutions relevant to rotating disc flows: Threshold amplitudes and finite time singularities

A class of exact steady and unsteady solutions of the Navier Stokes equations in cylindrical polar coordinates is given. The flows correspond to the motion induced by an infinite disc rotating with constant angular velocity about the z-axis in a fluid occupying a semi-infinite region which, at large distances from the disc, has velocity field proportional to (x,-y,O) with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system. It is shown that when the rate of rotation is large, Karman's exact solution for a disc rotating in an otherwise motionless fluid is recovered. In the limit of zero rotation rate a particular form of Howarth's exact solution for three-dimensional stagnation point flow is obtained. The unsteady form of the partial differential system describing this class of flow may be generalized to time-periodic equilibrium flows. In addition the unsteady equations are shown to describe a strongly nonlinear instability of Karman's rotating disc flow. It is shown that sufficiently large perturbations lead to a finite time breakdown of that flow whilst smaller disturbances decay to zero. If the stagnation point flow at infinity is sufficiently strong, the steady basic states become linearly unstable. In fact there is then a continuous spectrum of unstable eigenvalues of the stability equations but, if the initial value problem is considered, it is found that, at large values of time, the continuous spectrum leads to a velocity field growing exponentially in time with an amplitude decaying algebraically in time.

Hall, Philip↗