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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ScNb(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

ScNb(NiSn)2 is half-Heusler-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ni and six Sn atoms. There are three shorter (2.65 Å) and one longer (2.73 Å) Sc–Ni bond lengths. There are three shorter (3.03 Å) and three longer (3.04 Å) Sc–Sn bond lengths. Nb is bonded to four Ni and six Sn atoms to form distorted face-sharing NbNi4Sn6 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.52 Å) and three longer (2.61 Å) Nb–Ni bond lengths. There are three shorter (3.01 Å) and three longer (3.05 Å) Nb–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to one Sc, three equivalent Nb, and four Sn atoms. There are one shorter (2.55 Å) and three longer (2.65 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to three equivalent Sc, one Nb, and four Sn atoms. There are three shorter (2.60 Å) and one longer (2.72 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Nb, and four Ni atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Nb, and four Ni atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZrScMnNi3 by Materials Project

ScZrMnNi3 crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Zr, three equivalent Mn, and nine equivalent Ni atoms. All Sc–Zr bond lengths are 3.03 Å. All Sc–Mn bond lengths are 2.90 Å. There are three shorter (2.89 Å) and six longer (2.90 Å) Sc–Ni bond lengths. Zr is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sc, three equivalent Mn, and nine equivalent Ni atoms. All Zr–Mn bond lengths are 2.90 Å. There are three shorter (2.89 Å) and six longer (2.90 Å) Zr–Ni bond lengths. Mn is bonded to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Zr, and six equivalent Ni atoms to form distorted MnZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent MnZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent NiZr3Sc3Mn2Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent MnZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen equivalent NiZr3Sc3Mn2Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Mn–Ni bond lengths are 2.47 Å. Ni is bonded to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Zr, two equivalent Mn, and four equivalent Ni atoms to form NiZr3Sc3Mn2Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent MnZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent NiZr3Sc3Mn2Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiZr3Sc3Mn2Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent MnZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiZr3Sc3Mn2Ni4 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.47 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ScAsO5 by Materials Project

ScAsO5 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded to six O atoms to form ScO6 octahedra that share corners with five equivalent AsO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one ScO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sc–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.23 Å. As is bonded to four O atoms to form AsO4 tetrahedra that share corners with five equivalent ScO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–57°. There are a spread of As–O bond distances ranging from 1.69–1.75 Å. There are five inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Sc and one As atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sc and one As atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sc and one As atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sc and one As atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sc atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZrScVNi3 by Materials Project

ScZrVNi3 is Frank-Kasper $\mu$ Phase-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Zr, three equivalent V, and nine equivalent Ni atoms. There are one shorter (3.05 Å) and three longer (3.06 Å) Sc–Zr bond lengths. All Sc–V bond lengths are 2.97 Å. There are three shorter (2.82 Å) and six longer (2.95 Å) Sc–Ni bond lengths. Zr is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sc, three equivalent V, and nine equivalent Ni atoms. All Zr–V bond lengths are 2.96 Å. There are three shorter (2.80 Å) and six longer (2.97 Å) Zr–Ni bond lengths. V is bonded to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Zr, and six equivalent Ni atoms to form distorted VZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent VZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent NiZr3Sc3V2Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent VZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen equivalent NiZr3Sc3V2Ni4 cuboctahedra. There are three shorter (2.44 Å) and three longer (2.45 Å) V–Ni bond lengths. Ni is bonded to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Zr, two equivalent V, and four equivalent Ni atoms to form distorted NiZr3Sc3V2Ni4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent VZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent NiZr3Sc3V2Ni4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent NiZr3Sc3V2Ni4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent VZr3Sc3Ni6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiZr3Sc3V2Ni4 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (2.53 Å) and two longer (2.55 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc3Mn3Al7Si5 by Materials Project

Sc3Mn3Al7Si5 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to seven Al and four Si atoms. There are a spread of Sc–Al bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.06 Å. There are two shorter (2.68 Å) and two longer (2.83 Å) Sc–Si bond lengths. Mn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Al and four Si atoms. All Mn–Al bond lengths are 2.52 Å. There are two shorter (2.40 Å) and two longer (2.42 Å) Mn–Si bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sc, two equivalent Mn, three Al, and three Si atoms. There are two shorter (2.75 Å) and one longer (2.80 Å) Al–Al bond lengths. There are two shorter (2.63 Å) and one longer (2.66 Å) Al–Si bond lengths. In the second Al site, Al is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sc and six equivalent Al atoms. There are two inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Mn, and three equivalent Al atoms. In the second Si site, Si is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sc, two equivalent Mn, four equivalent Al, and two equivalent Si atoms. Both Si–Si bond lengths are 2.66 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc2FeB2Ru4Rh by Materials Project

Sc2Ru4FeRhB2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mbm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Ru, two equivalent Rh, and three equivalent B atoms. There are four shorter (2.83 Å) and four longer (2.94 Å) Sc–Ru bond lengths. Both Sc–Rh bond lengths are 2.77 Å. There are one shorter (2.60 Å) and two longer (2.87 Å) Sc–B bond lengths. Ru is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sc, two equivalent Fe, and two equivalent B atoms. Both Ru–Fe bond lengths are 2.59 Å. Both Ru–B bond lengths are 2.19 Å. Fe is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Ru atoms. Rh is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Sc and four equivalent B atoms. All Rh–B bond lengths are 2.26 Å. B is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sc, four equivalent Ru, and two equivalent Rh atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mechanical Characterization of Stacked Single-Crystal of Polyethylene and Monolayer MoSe 2

Polymer single crystal (SC) is a key building block of semicrystalline polymers. However, direct experimental measurement of freestanding mono-lamella polymer SC has not been demonstrated. This is, in large part, due to the difficulties associated with manipulating freestanding individual mono-lamella SC because of its extremely low rigidity and low robustness. Here, we demonstrate a new strategy to successfully suspend and test a polymer SC by using a 2D material as backing. In particular, mono-lamella polyethylene (PE) SC is stacked on monolayer MoSe 2 , and the hybrid stacks can be suspended over microholes. Nanoindentation is used to probe the suspended PE-SC/MoSe2 stacks and MoSe 2 monolayers. The results suggest the first experimentally-measured in-plane moduli of PE-SC and 2D MoSe 2 as 32 ± 3 and 237 ± 15 GPa, respectively. Such a stacked unit represents an ultrathin structure of polymer-ceramic laminate and the idea can be applied to other laminated composite systems. Therefore, this research will pave the way to accurately measure the mechanical properties of polymer SCs and their composites, as well as provide a key insight on designing composite structures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Accurate data-driven surrogates of dynamical systems for forward propagation of uncertainty

Stochastic collocation (SC) is a well-known non-intrusive method of constructing surrogate models for uncertainty quantification. In dynamical systems, SC is especially suited for full-field uncertainty propagation that characterizes the distributions of the high-dimensional solution fields of a model with stochastic input parameters. However, due to the highly nonlinear nature of the parameter-to-solution map in even the simplest dynamical systems, the constructed SC surrogates are often inaccurate. Here, this work presents an alternative approach, where we apply the SC approximation over the dynamics of the model, rather than the solution. By combining the data-driven sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics framework with SC, we construct dynamics surrogates and integrate them through time to construct the surrogate solutions. We demonstrate that the SC-over-dynamics framework leads to smaller errors, both in terms of the approximated system trajectories as well as the model state distributions, when compared against full-field SC applied to the solutions directly. We present numerical evidence of this improvement using three test problems: a chaotic ordinary differential equation, and two partial differential equations from solid mechanics.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Radiolabeling and in vitro studies of scandium-44 with HOPO chelator for PET imaging

44 Sc has been attracting interest as a clinically viable PET (positron emission tomography) imaging radionuclide due to its high positron branching ratio, 3.97 hour half-life, ideal positron energy of 632 keV and ability to be produced from a generator as well as from a cyclotron. Scandium is also of interest since the coordination is similar to the lanthanides and Ga 3+ that have demonstrated labeling methods. Further, 47 Sc (a potential therapeutic radionuclide) can serve as a matched isotope pair for theranostic applications. While the labeling studies of 44 Sc with DOTA and DOTA derivatives are quite extensive, there is little data on complexation of scandium with the chelator 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO). This ligand has been used successfully to radiolabel 89 Zr where it was shown to have high stability in vivo. Additionally, preliminary studies with 86 Y, and non-radioactive scandium show promising complexation constants similar to those found with DOTA derivatives. One major advantage of using HOPO is that radiolabeling can be achieved at room temperature while DOTA requires elevated temperatures, that may be detrimental when radiolabeling biomolecules. Radiolabeling of generator produced 44 Sc versus cyclotron produced 44 Sc is also under investigation as there are currently several different post-elution purification methods of generator 44 Sc, and the potential radiolabeling complications of these eluents has not yet been studied. This work focuses on radiolabeling HOPO with generator produced 44 Sc and the in vitro and radioanalytical evaluation of the resulting complexes.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Autonomous quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation with squeezed cat qubits

We propose an autonomous quantum error correction scheme using squeezed cat (SC) code against excitation loss in continuous-variable systems. Through reservoir engineering, we show that a structured dissipation can stabilize a two-component SC while autonomously correcting the errors. The implementation of such dissipation only requires low-order nonlinear couplings among three bosonic modes or between a bosonic mode and a qutrit. While our proposed scheme is device independent, it is readily implementable with current experimental platforms such as superconducting circuits and trapped-ion systems. Compared to the stabilized cat, the stabilized SC has a much lower dominant error rate and a significantly enhanced noise bias. Furthermore, the bias-preserving operations for the SC have much lower error rates. In combination, the stabilized SC leads to substantially better logical performance when concatenating with an outer discrete-variable code. The surface-SC scheme achieves more than one order of magnitude increase in the threshold ratio between the loss rate κ 1 and the engineered dissipation rate κ 2 . Under a practical noise ratio κ 1 /κ 2 = 10 -3 , the repetition-SC scheme can reach a 10 -15 logical error rate even with a small mean excitation number of 4, which already suffices for practically useful quantum algorithms.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Metallofullerene photoswitches driven by photoinduced fullerene-to-metal electron transfer

We report on the discovery and detailed exploration of the unconventional photo-switching mechanism in metallofullerenes, in which the energy of the photon absorbed by the carbon cage π-system is transformed to mechanical motion of the endohedral cluster accompanied by accumulation of spin density on the metal atoms. Comprehensive photophysical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies augmented by theoretical modelling are performed to address the phenomenon of the light-induced photo-switching and triplet state spin dynamics in a series of Y x Sc 3-x N@C 80 (x = 0–3) nitride clusterfullerenes. Variable temperature and time-resolved photoluminescence studies revealed a strong dependence of their photophysical properties on the number of Sc atoms in the cluster. All molecules in the series exhibit temperature-dependent luminescence assigned to the near-infrared thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence. The emission wavelengths and Stokes shift increase systematically with the number of Sc atoms in the endohedral cluster, whereas the triplet state lifetime and S 1 –T 1 gap decrease in this row. For Sc 3 N@C 80 , we also applied photoelectron spectroscopy to obtain the triplet state energy as well as the electron affinity. Spin distribution and dynamics in the triplet states are then studied by light-induced pulsed EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies. The spin–lattice relaxation times and triplet state lifetimes are determined from the temporal evolution of the electron spin echo after the laser pulse. Well resolved ENDOR spectra of triplets with a rich structure caused by the hyperfine and quadrupolar interactions with 14 N, 45 Sc, and 89 Y nuclear spins are obtained. The systematic increase of the metal contribution to the triplet spin density from Y 3 N to Sc 3 N found in the ENDOR study points to a substantial fullerene-to-metal charge transfer in the excited state. These experimental results are rationalized with the help of ground-state and time-dependent DFT calculations, which revealed a substantial variation of the endohedral cluster position in the photoexcited states driven by the predisposition of Sc atoms to maximize their spin population.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Large eddy simulation of a supersonic lifted hydrogen flame: Impacts of Lewis, turbulent Schmidt and Prandtl numbers

Parametric large eddy simulations (LES) of a supersonic lifted hydrogen flame are reported. The emphases are on two aspects: impacts of (1) Lewis number (Lei of the ith species) and (2) turbulent Schmidt and Prandtl numbers (⁠Sc t and Pr t ⁠) on supersonic turbulent flame and flow structures. Five cases are considered: species-specific Le i , Sc t = Sr t = 1.0 (C 0 ); unity Le i , Sc t = Pr t = 1.0 (C 1 ); species-specific Sc t = 0.5, Pr t = 1.0 (C 2 ); species-specific Le i , Sc t = 1.0, Pr t = 0.5 (C 3 ); and species-specific Le i , Sc t = Pr t = 0.5 (C 4 ). Numerical results of instantaneous and/or time-averaged species mole fractions, mixture fraction, heat release rate, flame base location, and mixed modes of premixed and diffusion combustion are compared between cases C 0 and C 1 . Differences in auto-ignition locations and strengths and flame structures and stabilization specify the impacts of Lewis number. They are triggered by different predictions of species mass and thermal diffusions at fuel-coflow and/or coflow-ambient air mixing layers. These differences are rationalized by a scale analysis of mass/thermal diffusion and convection for case C 0 , which suggests the relatively low but non-negligible former against the latter. Cases C 0 and C 2 –C 4 barely see differences in terms of instantaneous and/or time-averaged temperature, velocity, and mixed combustion modes except for further downstream areas where combustion occurs. Both Sc t and Pr t impose less significant influences than Lewis number, as sub-grid scale mass/thermal diffusion is subordinate to its resolved counterpart according to their scale analysis for case C 4 .

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Tuning the charge density wave quantum critical point and the appearance of superconductivity in Ti Se 2

The transition metal dichalcogenide TiSe 2 is an ideal correlated system for studying the interplay between superconductivity (SC) and a charge density wave (CDW) because both symmetry-breaking phases can be easily controlled by either Cu intercalation or physical pressure. SC appears in proximity to a CDW quantum critical point (QCP) induced by both Cu intercalation and applied pressure, raising the possibility of CDW-driven SC. Here, we report tuning the CDW QCP by simultaneously controlling Cu intercalation and external pressure and the appearance of a SC dome centered on the tunable QCP. When subjected to pressure, CDW ordering of Cu-intercalated Cu 0.025 TiSe 2 is completely suppressed at 2.3 GPa, where the residual resistivity and the resistivity-temperature exponent decrease sharply, indicating the presence of the CDW QCP. The upper critical field of Cu 0.025 TiSe 2 is 3.51 kOe, 16 times larger than that of pristine TiSe 2 , and its temperature dependence is linear, indicating that SC of TiSe 2 is switched from the two-dimensional- to anisotropic three-dimensional-like by Cu intercalation. These discoveries show that the simultaneous application of Cu intercalation and pressure move the CDW QCP and that the highest SC transition temperature is pinned to the QCP, suggesting that the SC in TiSe 2 is strongly correlated with CDW quantum criticality.

2-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evolution of the Heliotail Lobes over a Solar Cycle as Measured by IBEX

Energetic neutral atom (ENA) measurements by IBEX reveal that the heliotail comprises an energy-dependent multilobe structure. We examine the heliotail evolution over 11 yr of IBEX observations covering a full solar cycle (SC). We find the following: (1) The heliotail structure persists over the entire SC, comprising three ENA-enhanced and two ENA-suppressed lobes. (2) Lobe sizes and locations are generally stable but exhibit variations in ENA fluxes driven by the SC. (3) Lobe centers follow a cyclic behavior over multiple SC phases, indicating direct signatures of slow and fast solar wind (SW) interactions in the inner heliosheath (IHS). (4) The tilted plane passing through the port–starboard lobes' centers oscillates in latitude but maintains its tilt from the ecliptic plane, likely a consequence of the interstellar magnetic field draping around the heliosphere. (5) The transition of the central heliotail from a single lobe at ~1.1 keV to two lobes above ~2 keV is SC-dependent and directly reflects the IHS plasma properties, i.e., when ENA fluxes from fast SW from the polar coronal holes change over time. (6) The central lobe exhibits a substructure that is enhanced and offset from the downwind direction, possibly indicating an asymmetric ENA emission or an asymmetry in the parent plasma distribution. These results reveal the general stability of the heliotail structure over time and distinct variations in individual lobes' properties in relation to the SC phases. Furthermore, results show the effects of multiple SC phases in the tail, reflecting different ENA travel times and source histories.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Methods of producing enriched scandium-47, and related systems and apparatuses

A method of producing enriched 47 Sc comprises irradiating a V structure comprising 51 V with at least one incident photon beam having an endpoint energy within a range of from about 14 MeV to about 44 MeV to convert at least some of the 51 V to 47 Sc and form a 47 Sc-containing structure. The 47 Sc of the 47 Sc-containing structure is separated from additional components of the 47 Sc-containing structure using a chromatography process. Systems and apparatuses for producing enriched 47 Sc are also described.

Snow, Mathew S.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Impact of supercritical carbon dioxide on the frictional strength of and the transport through thin cracks in shale

Understanding the mechanical and transport behavior of thin (i.e. small aperture) cracks slipping under supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO 2 ) conditions is essential to evaluate the integrity of sealing formations with buoyant sc-CO 2 below and the success of waterless fracturing. The two major items of interest in this work are frictional strength and permeability change of the crack. We used a triaxial cell that permits in situ visualization to conduct and monitor slippage along the faces of narrow cracks subjected to triaxial stresses. Such cracks are analogs to small geological faults. We tested carbonate-rich, 1-inch diameter Wolfcamp shale samples that are saw cut 30° to vertical to create a thin crack. Friction coefficients ranged from about 0.6 to 0.8 consistent with expectations for brittle rocks. The sc-CO 2 generally did not alter friction coefficient over the time scale of experiments. From a transport perspective, saturating cracks with sc-CO 2 substantially decreased permeability of the crack by 26%–52%, while slip resulted in a variety of permeability responses. Overall, the combined impact of sc-CO 2 saturation and slip reduced fault permeability for all tests. Our observations support the notion that the sealing capacity of some caprocks improves when saturated with sc-CO 2 and that some slip of small fractures is not necessarily detrimental to caprock integrity.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ScPRu by Materials Project

ScRuP crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Ru and five P atoms. There are two shorter (2.91 Å) and four longer (2.97 Å) Sc–Ru bond lengths. There are four shorter (2.69 Å) and one longer (2.70 Å) Sc–P bond lengths. Ru is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sc, two equivalent Ru, and four P atoms. Both Ru–Ru bond lengths are 2.78 Å. There are two shorter (2.43 Å) and two longer (2.53 Å) Ru–P bond lengths. There are two inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sc and three equivalent Ru atoms. In the second P site, P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sc and six equivalent Ru atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ScSnPd by Materials Project

ScPdSn crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to five Pd and six equivalent Sn atoms. There are a spread of Sc–Pd bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.03 Å. There are a spread of Sc–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.26 Å. There are two inequivalent Pd sites. In the first Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sc and six equivalent Sn atoms. All Pd–Sn bond lengths are 2.75 Å. In the second Pd site, Pd is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sc and three equivalent Sn atoms. All Pd–Sn bond lengths are 2.77 Å. Sn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sc and four Pd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗