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DOE OSTI2025

Interplay between multipolar order and multipole-induced superconductivity in PrTi 2 Al 20

Multipolar moments entail a new route to tackle frontier problems in superconductivity (SC). A key progress in the search for multipolar SC is the discovery of PrTr 2 Al 20 (Tr = Ti, V), which possesses quadrupolar and octupolar but no magnetic dipolar moments. The Kondo entanglement of these multipolar moments with conduction electrons leads to exotic SC within the multipolar ordered phase, though the precise nature of the SC remains unexplored. We experimentally investigate the SC gap structure of SC in PrTi 2 Al 20 and its La-doping evolution. Our results indicate deviations from a single s-wave gap, instead favoring nodal d-wave or multiple gaps. While the SC is robust against La dilution, the SC gap structure changes with minimal La doping, coinciding with a sharp change in the ferroquadrupolar (FQ) order. This suggests an intimate link between the quadrupolar order parameter and SC pairing, providing insight into the coexistence of SC with multipolar order.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

DOE OSTI2025

Smart Contracts for Power Grid Applications Using the Advanced DLT Cyber Grid Guard Testbed

In this study is presented two power system applications with distributed ledger technology (DLT) and smart contracts (SC) that were assessed in a Cyber-Grid-Guard System (CGGS) advanced testbed, with protective relays, power meters, communication devices, DLT devices, synchronized time source, clock displays and real time simulator. This CGGS testbed was set in the Advanced Protection Lab, 252 lab space of the Grid Research Integration and Deployment Center (GRID- C), at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In power grids, customer-owned distributed energy resources (DERs) are more frequent than in the past, and the numbers of points of interconnection (POI) with customer-owned DERs have increased. Disruptive operation from DERs presents a risk to grid operations, and protective relays located at the POI are used to isolate out-of-tolerance or poorly behaving of DERs. Ensuring the integrity of data from the relays at the POI, and DLT could enhance the security of the power grids. The first application is a SC to define and control the allowable total power factor (TPF) of the DER (wind farm) output, and the terms of the SC are implemented using DLT with a CGGS for a customer-owned DER. The TPF SC was implemented by the CGGS using DLT. The experimental model was performed with a real-time simulator using a CGGS and relay in-the-loop. The data collected from the CGGS were used to execute the TPF SC. The TPF limits were between +0.9 and +1.0, and the breakers’ operation in the POI was controlled by the relay using the SC. The events were collected from the real-time simulator, CGGS, and SEL 700GT relay to validate a successful application of the TPF SC using DLT. The second application is a SC to measure and control the allowable voltage service limits (VSL) by the CGGS using DLT. The tests were performed by using a real-time simulator, CGGS and relay in-the-loop. The data was collected from the CGGS that executed the SC. The main constraints were defined based on ANSI C84.1 service voltage limits, and the operation of the breakers in the POI. The events were collected from the CGGS, and SEL 700GT relay to assess a successful operation of the VSL SC using DLT.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2025

High Energy Physics Network Requirements Review: Final Report, July 2024–December 2024

The world-class research infrastructure at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (SC) provides the research community with premier observational, experimental, computational, and network capabilities. Each user facility is designed to provide unique capabilities to advance the core DOE mission in science and technology for its SC program to stimulate rich scientific discoveries and enhance its innovation ecosystem. Research communities gather and flourish around each user facility, bringing together new and enhanced perspectives. The continual reinvention of the practice of science — as users and staff forge novel approaches expressed in research workflows — unlocks new discoveries and propels scientific progress. Within this research ecosystem, the high-performance computing (HPC) and networking user facilities stewarded by the SC’s Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program play a dynamic cross-cutting role, enabling complex workflows demanding high-performance data, networking, and computing solutions. The ASCR facilities enterprise seeks to understand and meet the needs and requirements across SC and DOE domain science programs and priority efforts, highlighted by the formal requirements review methodology. Between July and December 2024, the Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) and the Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) of the DOE-SC organized an ESnet requirements review of HEP-supported program activities. Preparation for these events included identification of key stakeholders: program and facility management, research groups, and technology providers. Each stakeholder group was asked to prepare formal case study documents about its relationship to the HEP program to build a complete understanding of the current, near-term, and long-term status, expectations, and processes that will support the science going forward.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Accelerator-Based Production of Scandium Radioisotopes for Applications in Prostate Cancer: Toward Building a Pipeline for Rapid Development of Novel Theranostics

In the field of nuclear medicine, the β + -emitting 43 Sc and β - -emitting 47 Sc are promising candidates in cancer diagnosis and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) due to their favorable decay schema and shared pharmacokinetics as a true theranostic pair. Additionally, scandium is a group-3 transition metal (like 177 Lu) and exhibits affinity for DOTA-based chelators, which have been studied in depth, making the barrier to implementation lower for 43/47 Sc than for other proposed true theranostics. Before 43/47 Sc can see widespread pre-clinical evaluation, however, an accessible production methodology must be established and each isotope’s radiolabeling and animal imaging capabilities studied with a widely utilized tracer. As such, a simple means of converting an 18 MeV biomedical cyclotron to support solid targets and produce 43 Sc via the 42 Ca(d,n) 43 Sc reaction has been devised, exhibiting reasonable yields. The Nat Ti(γ,p) 47 Sc reaction is also investigated along with the successful implementation of chemical separation and purification methods for 43/47 Sc. The conjugation of 43/47 Sc with PSMA-617 at specific activities of up to 8.94 MBq/nmol and the subsequent imaging of LNCaP-ENZaR tumor xenografts in mouse models with both 43/47 Sc-PSMA-617 are also presented.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

NASA NTRS1995

Quaternary borocarbides: New class of intermetallic superconductors

Our recent discovery of superconductivity (SC) in the four-element multiphase Y-Ni-B-C system at an elevated temperature (TC approximately 12 K) has opened up great possibilities of identifying new superconducting materials and generating new physics. Superconductivity with Tc (greater than 20 K) higher than that known so far in bulk intermetallics has been observed in multiphase Y-Pd-B-C and Th-Pd-B-C systems and a family of single phase materials RENi2B2C (RE= Y, rare earth) have been found. Our investigations show YNi2B2C to be a strong coupling hard type-II SC. HC2(T) exhibits an unconventional temperature dependence. Specific heat and magnetization studies reveal coexistence of SC and magnetism in RNi2B2C (R = Ho, Er, Tm) with magnetic ordering temperatures (Tc approximately 8 K, 10.5 K, 11 K and Tm approximately 5 K, approximately 7K, approximately 4 K respectively) that are remarkably higher than those in known magnetic superconductors . Mu-SR studies suggest the possibility of Ni atoms carrying a moment in TmNi2B2C. Resistivity results suggests a double re-entrant transition (SC-normal-SC) in HoNi2B2C. RENi2B2C (RE = Ce, Nd, Gd) do not show SC down to 4.2 K. The Nd- and Gd-compounds order magnetically at approximately 4.5 K and approximately 19.5 K, respectively. Two SC transitions are observed in Y-Pd-B-C (Tc approximately 22 K, approximately 10 K) and in Th-Pd-B-C (Tc approximately 20 K, approximately 14 K) systems, which indicate that there are at least two structures which support SC in these borocarbides. In our multiphase ThNi2B2C we observe SC at approximately 6 K. No SC was seen in multiphase UNi2B2C, UPd2B2C, UOs2Ge2C and UPd5B3C(0.35) down to 4.2 K. Tc in YNi2B2C is depressed by substitutions (Gd, Th and U at Y-sites and Fe, Co at Ni-sites).

Nagarajan, R.↗

NASA NTRS2023

What Do Halo Cmes Tell Us About Solar Cycle 25?

It is known that the weak state of the heliosphere due to diminished solar activity in cycle 24 backreacted on coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to make them appear wider for a given speed. One of the consequences of the weak state of the heliosphere is that more CMEs appear as halo CMEs (HCMEs), and halos are formed at shorter heliocentric distances. Current predictions for the strength of solar cycle (SC) 25 range from half to twice the strength of SC 24. We compare the HCME occurrence rate and other properties during the rise phase of cycles 23, 24, and 25 to weigh in on the strength of SC 25. We find that HCME and solar wind properties in SC 25 are intermediate between SCs 23 and 24, but closer to SC 24. The HCME occurrence rate, normalized to the sunspot number, is higher in SCs 24 and 25 than in SC 23. The solar wind total pressure in SC 25 is ∼35% smaller than that in SC 23. Furthermore, the occurrence rates of high-energy solar energetic particle events and intense geomagnetic storms are well below the corresponding values in SC 23, but similar to those in SC 24. We conclude that cycle 25 is likely to be similar to or slightly stronger than cycle 24, in agreement with polar-field precursor methods for cycle 25 prediction.

Solar coronal mass ejections↗

DOE OSTI2026

Pressure-induced changes in structure, magnetic order and superconductivity in the ferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi 8 Te 13

Introducing superconductivity (SC) in an intrinsic magnetic topological system remains a significant challenge in modern condensed matter physics. Here, we show that SC can be induced by applying high pressure to a promising ambient-pressure magnetic topological insulator candidate, MnBi 8 Te 13 . Using electrical transport, magnetic susceptibility, and synchrotron x-ray diffraction, we construct a detailed temperature - pressure phase diagram. The ambient-pressure ferromagnetic order is progressively suppressed and replaced by an antiferromagnetic state. Above 16.6 GPa, bulk SC emerges with a critical temperature up to 6.8 K. This pressure-induced SC may co-exist with another AFM dome. In contrast, the related compounds with higher magnetic ion (Mn) concentration show no SC, highlighting the crucial role of Mn concentration in stabilizing SC. The observation of pressure-induced FM-AFM-SC transitions in MnBi 8 Te 13 not only establishes it as a rare Mn-based SC but also provides a platform to study the interplay between magnetism, SC, and potentially nontrivial band topology in correlated magnetic materials.

Huyan, S. [Ames Laboratory, and Iowa State Univ., ↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc3Si3Ni2 by Materials Project

Sc3Ni2Si3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sc+2.67+ sites. In the first Sc+2.67+ site, Sc+2.67+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Si4- atoms. There are a spread of Sc–Si bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.06 Å. In the second Sc+2.67+ site, Sc+2.67+ is bonded to five Si4- atoms to form ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with six equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids, corners with four equivalent NiSi4 trigonal pyramids, and edges with four equivalent NiSi4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Sc–Si bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.89 Å. Ni2+ is bonded to four Si4- atoms to form NiSi4 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids, corners with three equivalent NiSi4 trigonal pyramids, edges with two equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent NiSi4 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Ni–Si bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.45 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4- sites. In the first Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Sc+2.67+ and two equivalent Ni2+ atoms. In the second Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Sc+2.67+, three equivalent Ni2+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.48 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc7Cl12 by Materials Project

Sc7Cl12 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sc sites. In the first Sc site, Sc is bonded to six equivalent Cl atoms to form edge-sharing ScCl6 octahedra. All Sc–Cl bond lengths are 2.56 Å. In the second Sc site, Sc is bonded to five Cl atoms to form ScCl5 square pyramids that share corners with six equivalent ScCl5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one ScCl6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one ScCl5 square pyramid. There are a spread of Sc–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.83 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent Sc atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Sc atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na(ScI3)2 by Materials Project

Na(ScI3)2 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P31c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to six I1- atoms to form NaI6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent ScI6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent ScI6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–49°. There are three shorter (3.25 Å) and three longer (3.29 Å) Na–I bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Sc+2.50+ sites. In the first Sc+2.50+ site, Sc+2.50+ is bonded to six I1- atoms to form ScI6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent NaI6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent ScI6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–49°. All Sc–I bond lengths are 2.93 Å. In the second Sc+2.50+ site, Sc+2.50+ is bonded to six I1- atoms to form ScI6 octahedra that share edges with three equivalent NaI6 octahedra and faces with two equivalent ScI6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.93 Å) and three longer (2.94 Å) Sc–I bond lengths. There are two inequivalent I1- sites. In the first I1- site, I1- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two Sc+2.50+ atoms. In the second I1- site, I1- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Na1+ and two Sc+2.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc3Fe2Si3 by Materials Project

Sc3Fe2Si3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sc+2.67+ sites. In the first Sc+2.67+ site, Sc+2.67+ is bonded to five Si4- atoms to form ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with four equivalent FeSi4 tetrahedra, corners with six equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent FeSi4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Sc–Si bond distances ranging from 2.71–3.08 Å. In the second Sc+2.67+ site, Sc+2.67+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to seven Si4- atoms. There are a spread of Sc–Si bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.14 Å. Fe2+ is bonded to four Si4- atoms to form FeSi4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent FeSi4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent FeSi4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Fe–Si bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.44 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4- sites. In the first Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Sc+2.67+ and two equivalent Fe2+ atoms. In the second Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Sc+2.67+, three equivalent Fe2+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.55 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KSc2Co by Materials Project

KSc2Co crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Sc and four equivalent Co atoms. All K–Sc bond lengths are 3.09 Å. All K–Co bond lengths are 3.09 Å. There are two inequivalent Sc sites. In the first Sc site, Sc is bonded to four equivalent K atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ScK4 tetrahedra. In the second Sc site, Sc is bonded to four equivalent Co atoms to form distorted corner-sharing ScCo4 tetrahedra. All Sc–Co bond lengths are 3.09 Å. Co is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent K and four equivalent Sc atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc3Co2Si3 by Materials Project

Sc3Co2Si3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sc+2.67+ sites. In the first Sc+2.67+ site, Sc+2.67+ is bonded to five Si4- atoms to form ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with four equivalent CoSi4 tetrahedra, corners with six equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with four equivalent CoSi4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Sc–Si bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.05 Å. In the second Sc+2.67+ site, Sc+2.67+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Si4- atoms. There are a spread of Sc–Si bond distances ranging from 2.77–2.90 Å. Co2+ is bonded to four Si4- atoms to form CoSi4 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent CoSi4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent CoSi4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent ScSi5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Co–Si bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.45 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4- sites. In the first Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Sc+2.67+ and two equivalent Co2+ atoms. In the second Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five Sc+2.67+, three equivalent Co2+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.49 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La3ScAl8 by Materials Project

La3ScAl8 is Hexagonal Laves-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent La sites. In the first La site, La is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four La and twelve Al atoms. There are three shorter (3.47 Å) and one longer (3.53 Å) La–La bond lengths. There are a spread of La–Al bond distances ranging from 3.32–3.38 Å. In the second La site, La is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent La, one Sc, and twelve Al atoms. The La–Sc bond length is 3.48 Å. There are a spread of La–Al bond distances ranging from 3.32–3.42 Å. In the third La site, La is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one La, three equivalent Sc, and twelve Al atoms. All La–Sc bond lengths are 3.46 Å. There are a spread of La–Al bond distances ranging from 3.28–3.32 Å. Sc is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four La and twelve Al atoms. There are a spread of Sc–Al bond distances ranging from 3.28–3.31 Å. There are four inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded to four La, two equivalent Sc, and six Al atoms to form a mixture of edge, face, and corner-sharing AlLa4Sc2Al6 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.80–2.88 Å. In the second Al site, Al is bonded to five La, one Sc, and six Al atoms to form a mixture of edge, face, and corner-sharing AlLa5ScAl6 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Al–Al bond distances ranging from 2.81–2.90 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded to three equivalent La, three equivalent Sc, and six Al atoms to form AlLa3Sc3Al6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen AlLa4Sc2Al6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent AlLa3Sc3Al6 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen AlLa4Sc2Al6 cuboctahedra. In the fourth Al site, Al is bonded to six La and six Al atoms to form AlLa6Al6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen AlLa4Sc2Al6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent AlLa6Al6 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen AlLa4Sc2Al6 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc3(Ni10B3)2 by Materials Project

Sc3(Ni10B3)2 crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sc sites. In the first Sc site, Sc is bonded to twelve equivalent Ni atoms to form distorted ScNi12 cuboctahedra that share edges with twenty-four equivalent NiScNi6B3 tetrahedra and faces with eight equivalent ScNi16 tetrahedra. All Sc–Ni bond lengths are 2.58 Å. In the second Sc site, Sc is bonded to sixteen Ni atoms to form distorted ScNi16 tetrahedra that share edges with six equivalent ScNi16 tetrahedra, edges with twelve equivalent NiScNi6B3 tetrahedra, faces with four equivalent ScNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent NiScNi6B3 tetrahedra. There are four shorter (2.50 Å) and twelve longer (2.91 Å) Sc–Ni bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded to one Sc, six equivalent Ni, and three equivalent B atoms to form distorted NiScNi6B3 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent NiScNi6B3 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent ScNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with three equivalent ScNi16 tetrahedra, edges with three equivalent NiScNi6B3 tetrahedra, a faceface with one ScNi16 tetrahedra, and faces with six equivalent NiScNi6B3 tetrahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.65 Å. All Ni–B bond lengths are 2.13 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Sc, nine Ni, and two equivalent B atoms. There are one shorter (2.36 Å) and four longer (2.58 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. Both Ni–B bond lengths are 2.09 Å. B is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Ni atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hf2Sc3Si4 by Materials Project

Sc3Hf2Si4 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_12_12 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sc+2.67+ sites. In the first Sc+2.67+ site, Sc+2.67+ is bonded to six Si4- atoms to form ScSi6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent ScSi6 octahedra, corners with eight equivalent ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids, corners with six equivalent HfSi6 pentagonal pyramids, faces with four equivalent ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids, and faces with four equivalent HfSi6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 54°. There are a spread of Sc–Si bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.94 Å. In the second Sc+2.67+ site, Sc+2.67+ is bonded to seven Si4- atoms to form distorted ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids that share corners with four equivalent ScSi6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids, corners with five equivalent HfSi6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with three equivalent ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent HfSi6 pentagonal pyramids, faces with two equivalent ScSi6 octahedra, faces with two equivalent ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids, and faces with four equivalent HfSi6 pentagonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–52°. There are a spread of Sc–Si bond distances ranging from 2.76–3.08 Å. Hf4+ is bonded to six Si4- atoms to form distorted HfSi6 pentagonal pyramids that share corners with three equivalent ScSi6 octahedra, corners with five equivalent ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids, corners with four equivalent HfSi6 pentagonal pyramids, edges with two equivalent ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids, edges with four equivalent HfSi6 pentagonal pyramids, faces with two equivalent ScSi6 octahedra, and faces with four equivalent ScSi7 pentagonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–45°. There are a spread of Hf–Si bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.81 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4- sites. In the first Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five Sc+2.67+, three equivalent Hf4+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.51 Å. In the second Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to five Sc+2.67+, three equivalent Hf4+, and one Si4- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sc2Mn12P7 by Materials Project

Sc2Mn12P7 crystallizes in the hexagonal P-6 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sc sites. In the first Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent P atoms. All Sc–P bond lengths are 2.74 Å. In the second Sc site, Sc is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to six equivalent P atoms. All Sc–P bond lengths are 2.75 Å. There are four inequivalent Mn sites. In the first Mn site, Mn is bonded to four P atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnP4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–P bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.33 Å. In the second Mn site, Mn is bonded to four P atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing MnP4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–P bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.35 Å. In the third Mn site, Mn is bonded to four P atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnP4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mn–P bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.33 Å. In the fourth Mn site, Mn is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five P atoms. There are a spread of Mn–P bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.55 Å. There are three inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sc and seven Mn atoms. In the second P site, P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sc and seven Mn atoms. In the third P site, P is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Mn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg5Sc by Materials Project

Mg5Sc is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Sc atoms to form MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with fourteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.30 Å. Both Mg–Sc bond lengths are 3.20 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded to nine Mg and three equivalent Sc atoms to form MgMg9Sc3 cuboctahedra that share corners with nine equivalent MgMg9Sc3 cuboctahedra, corners with nine equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra, faces with three equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, and faces with seventeen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (3.16 Å) and three longer (3.22 Å) Mg–Mg bond lengths. All Mg–Sc bond lengths are 3.22 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Sc atoms to form MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with fourteen MgMg9Sc3 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (3.17 Å) and one longer (3.30 Å) Mg–Mg bond lengths. Both Mg–Sc bond lengths are 3.20 Å. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Sc atoms to form MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with fourteen MgMg9Sc3 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra. Both Mg–Sc bond lengths are 3.20 Å. Sc is bonded to twelve Mg atoms to form ScMg12 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent MgMg9Sc3 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent ScMg12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen MgMg10Sc2 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗