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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27

Atomization, drop size, and penetration for cross-stream water injection at high-altitude reentry conditions with application to the RAM C-1 and C-3 flights

Atomization, drop size, and penetration data are presented for cross stream water injection at conditions simulating high altitude reentry (low Weber number, high static temperature, high Knudsen number, and low static pressure). These results are applied to the RAM C-1 and C-3 flights. Two primary breakup modes are considered, vapor pressure or flashing and aerodynamic atomization. Results are given for breakup boundaries and mean drop size for each of these atomization mechanisms. Both standard and flight orifice geometries are investigated. The data were obtained in both a static environment and in conventional aerodynamic facilities at Mach numbers of 4.5 and 8. The high temperature aspects of reentry were simulated in a Mach 5.5 cyanogen-oxygen tunnel with total temperature of 4500 K.

Gooderum, P. B.↗

Microwave properties of geological materials: Studies of penetration depth and moisture effects

Summarized are the results of two of a series of controlled experiments performed during the summer of 1970. The first series of experiments to determine penetration depth showed the value of having a modeled response and data reduced in real time for examination in the field. The results suggest a radiometric method for measuring the microwave properties of materials in bulk and are applicable to studies of sea ice and other naturally layered media. The sensitivity of the microwave emission to changes in moisture content has inspired a number of airborne and ground based investigations. Although the effect is dominent under certain conditions, the complicating factors of soil type, roughness, vegetation, etc. seem to govern the conclusions regarding its application at this time.

Blinn, J. C., III↗

Dye penetrant indications caused by superficial surface defects in 2014 aluminum alloy welds.

Demonstration that dye penetrant indications on the heat-affected zone of 2014-T6 aluminum GMA weldments are frequently caused by superficial surface conditions and are less than 0.007 in. deep. The following methods are suggested for minimization of these surface defects: stabilization of the arc, application of dc ?GTA' welding procedures, reduction of the caustic etch time, and use of fine grain materials.

Hocker, R. G.↗

Penetration of solar irradiances through the atmosphere and plant canopies.

The equation of radiative transfer is applied to an analysis of solar irradiances penetrating into a plant canopy covered by a turbid atmosphere. The method of discrete coordinates is applied to vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres and plant canopies. It is shown that four-point quadrature yields results with an accuracy that is consistent with irradiance measurements. It is believed that the presented computational scheme may have considerable agricultural applications.

Weinman, J. A.↗