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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Machine learning assisted unfolding for neutrino cross-section measurements with the OmniFold technique

The choice of unfolding method for a cross-section measurement is tightly coupled to the model dependence of the efficiency correction and the overall impact of cross-section modeling uncertainties in the analysis. A key issue is the dimensionality used in unfolding, as the kinematics of all outgoing particles in an event typically affect the reconstruction performance in a neutrino detector. OmniFold is an unfolding method that iteratively reweights a simulated dataset, using machine learning to utilize arbitrarily high-dimensional information, that has previously been applied to proton-proton and proton-electron datasets. This paper demonstrates OmniFold’s application to a neutrino cross-section measurement for the first time using a public T2K near detector simulated dataset, comparing its performance with traditional approaches using a mock data study.

Machine learning↗
DOE OSTI2026

Development Status of the KIPM Detector Consortium

A kinetic inductance phonon-mediated detector is a calorimeter that uses kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) to read out phonon signals from the device substrate. We have established a consortium comprising university and national lab groups dedicated to advancing the state of the art in these detectors, with the ultimate goal of designing a detector with sub-eV threshold on energy deposited in the substrate, enabling searches for both light dark matter and low-energy neutrino interactions. This consortium brings together experts in KID design, phonon and quasi-particle dynamics, and noise modeling, along with specialized fabrication facilities, test platforms, and unique calibration capabilities. Recently, our consortium has demonstrated a resolution on energy absorbed by the sensor of 2.1 eV, the current record for phonon-sensitive KIDs. However, due to ∼ 1% phonon collection efficiency, the overall detector resolution was limited to 320 eV. Finally, the current focus of the consortium is modeling and improving the phonon collection efficiency and implementing low-T c superconductors, both of which serve to improve the overall energy resolution and threshold of the detectors.

Temples, Dylan J. [Fermi National Accelerator Labo↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters from the T2K experiment using $$3.6\times 10^{21}$$ protons on target

Abstract The T2K experiment presents new measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters using $$19.7(16.3)\times 10^{20}$$ 19.7 ( 16.3 ) × 10 20 protons on target (POT) in (anti-)neutrino mode at the far detector (FD). Compared to the previous analysis, an additional $$4.7\times 10^{20}$$ 4.7 × 10 20 POT neutrino data was collected at the FD. Significant improvements were made to the analysis methodology, with the near-detector analysis introducing new selections and using more than double the data. Additionally, this is the first T2K oscillation analysis to use NA61/SHINE data on a replica of the T2K target to tune the neutrino flux model, and the neutrino interaction model was improved to include new nuclear effects and calculations. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses are presented, including results on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 and the impact of priors on the $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}$$ δ CP measurement. Both analyses prefer the normal mass ordering and upper octant of $$\sin ^2\theta _{23}$$ sin 2 θ 23 with a nearly maximally CP-violating phase. Assuming the normal ordering and using the constraint on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 from reactors, $$\sin ^2\theta _{23}=0.561^{+0.021}_{-0.032}$$ sin 2 θ 23 = 0 . 561 - 0.032 + 0.021 using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and $$\varDelta {}m^2_{32}=2.494_{-0.058}^{+0.041}\times 10^{-3}~\text {eV}^2$$ Δ m 32 2 = 2 . 494 - 0.058 + 0.041 × 10 - 3 eV 2 using constant $$\varDelta \chi ^{2}$$ Δ χ 2 intervals. The CP-violating phase is constrained to $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}=-1.97_{-0.70}^{+0.97}$$ δ CP = - 1 . 97 - 0.70 + 0.97 using Feldman–Cousins corrected intervals, and $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}}=0,\pi $$ δ CP = 0 , π is excluded at more than 90% confidence level. A Jarlskog invariant of zero is excluded at more than $$2\sigma $$ 2 σ credible level using a flat prior in $$\delta _{\textrm{CP}},$$ δ CP , and just below $$2\sigma $$ 2 σ using a flat prior in $$\sin \delta _{\textrm{CP}}.$$ sin δ CP . When the external constraint on $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}$$ sin 2 θ 13 is removed, $$\sin ^2\theta _{13}=28.0^{+2.8}_{-6.5}\times 10^{-3},$$ sin 2 θ 13 = 28 . 0 - 6.5 + 2.8 × 10 - 3 , in agreement with measurements from reactor experiments. These results are consistent with previous T2K analyses.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Simulation-Based Inference for Neutrino Parameter Tuning

This code trains a simulation-based inference (SBI) model for neutrino interaction parameter tuning and subsequently evaluates its performance on MicroBooNE, T2K, and NuWro datasets.

Tame-Narvaez, Karla [Fermi National Accelerator La↗
DOE OSTI2025

MINERvA Experiment Open Data Release

This is an open data product that contains all the neutrino and antineutrino data from the MINERvA experiment, packaged in a way that you can use. The ultimate package will contain both neutrino and antineutrino data, and will contain both our Low energy and Medium Energy data, where the neutrino energy distributions peaked around 3GeV and 6GeV respectively. We also provide simulated data and a way to access our uncertainties on that simulation, including flux, neutrino interaction, and detector uncertainties. The data (and simulated data) has already been pre-selected to contain either a muon candidate or an electron candidate.

Collaboration, MINERvA [Fermi National Accelerator↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electron and neutrino scattering from nuclei [Slides]

The knowledge of how electrons and neutrinos interact in nuclei is fundamental for many reasons, and the proper inclusion of many-body correlations between nucleons is crucial. The calculation of the nuclei from two- and three-nucleon interactions obtained from first principle is, however, one of the most challenging problems for many-body nuclear physics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Using Deep Learning Techniques to Search for the MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess in MicroBooNE with > 3$\sigma$ Sensitivity

This thesis describes an analysis developed for the MicroBooNE experiment to investigate an anomalous excess of electron-like events observed in the MiniBooNE detector. The hypothesis investigated here is that the MiniBooNE anomaly represents appearance of electron neutrinos. Using an amalgam of novel Deep Learning and standard algorithmic techniques this analysis reconstructs and identifies a highly pure sample of charged current quasi-elastic muon neutrino and electron neutrino interactions. This thesis describes the steps in the analysis chain and provides data-to-simulation comparisons for each step that establish confidence in the final prediction. When interpreted in the context of a $\nu e$ appearance like model, this analysis predicts a 3.2$\sigma$ sensitivity to exclude a standard model fluctuation which would appear as a MiniBooNE like anomaly using $7\times10^{20}$ protons on target of MicroBooNE Data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Separating beam-induced and cosmogenic muon backgrounds in the ICARUS detector

Due to high cosmic ray flux near the earth's surface, the rejection of cosmogenic muon backgrounds is a preeminent concern for particle detectors using Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) technology. One such detector, ICARUS of the short baseline neutrino experiment, also observes muons generated from neutrino interactions with nuclei in the surrounding rock. Our analysis exploits the differences between cosmogenic and rock-generated muons to separate rock-generated muons from the background. We develop a selection with 96.5\% efficiency and 81\% accuracy. Use of this selection on data and Monte-Carlo indicates monte-carlo may underestimate the true rock muon flux. These results have implications for calibration of the ICARUS detector and tuning of simulation.

Wells, David↗
DOE OSTI2023

TPC Test-stands: An Overview & Future Prospects

The DUNE near detector design in Phase II will include a magnetized high-pressure gaseous-argon TPC (HPgTPC) surrounded by a calorimeter, called ND-GAr. ND-GAr is designed to provide fine-grained tracking, and due to its low detection threshold, it will be able to constrain one of the least-understood uncertainties for oscillation analysis: nuclear effects in argon at the neutrino interaction vertex. This talk will provide an overview of and an outlook about the ongoing R&D efforts in the context of the existing test stands that are evaluating the various readout system options for DUNE ND-GAr.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Time calibration and synchronization of the scintillation light detection system in ICARUS-T600

The ICARUS-T600 Liquid Argon (LAr) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is presently used as a far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab (USA) to search for a possible LSND-like sterile neutrino signal at $\Delta m^2 \approx 1 eV^2$ with the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB). A light detection system, based on 360 large area Photo-Multiplier Tubes (PMTs), has been realized for ICARUS-T600 to detect VUV photons produced after the passage of ionizing particles in LAr. This system is fundamental for the TPC operation, providing an efficient trigger and contributing to the 3D reconstruction of events. Moreover, since the detector is exposed to a huge flux of cosmic rays due to its shallow depths operations, the light detection system allows for the time reconstruction of events, contributing to the identification and to the selection of neutrino interactions within the BNB spill gate. The correct time reconstruction of events requires the precise knowledge of the delay of each PMT channel and a good synchronization of recording electronics, this last based on fast sampling digitizers.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Meas. K+ -Ar Total Inelastic Cross Section at ProtoDUNE-SP

ProtoDUNE-SP is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber that took hadron test beam data in 2018. The test beam included positively charged kaons with test beam momenta of 6 GeV/c and 7 GeV/c, providing a sample to study kaons to benefit future DUNE proton decay and neutrino interaction studies with kaons in the final state. The total inelastic cross section of a positively charged kaon was measured at these test beam settings using the LArIAT thin-slice method of dividing the wires of the time projection chamber into target slices for calculating the cross section, which leverages the monolithic quality of liquid argon detectors. A Bayesian-like unfolding method using RooUnfold was applied to both the incident and interacting slice distributions to measure the cross sections at both test beam momenta. The talk will discuss the method of unfolding, optimization studies for unfolding, and applying systematic uncertainties using a LArIAT-style hadronic cross section using unfolding to extract a kaon total inelastic cross section.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Data vs. MC Comparison of Light Signal from Cosmic Rays in the ICARUS Detectors

Currently, the ICARUS-T600 liquid argon TPC is collecting data exposed to Booster Neutrino and Numi off-axis beams within the SBN program at Fermilab. A light detection system, based on PMTs deployed behind the TPC wire chambers, is in place to detect vacuum ultraviolet photons produced by ionizing particles in LAr. This system is fundamental for the detector operation, providing an efficient trigger and contributing to the 3D reconstruction of events. Moreover, since the TPC is exposed to a huge flux of cosmic rays due to its operations at shallow depths, the light detection system allows for the time reconstruction of events, contributing to the identification and to the selection of neutrino interactions within the beam spill gates. This contribution will primarily focus on the comparative study (data vs. MC) of light signal of cosmic muons to validate the light emulation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multi-Differential Charged Current $\nu_{\mu}$ - Argon Cross Section without Pions in the Final State Measurement in MicroBooNE

MicroBooNE, an 85-tonne liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector is on-axis to the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) beamline facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. MicroBooNE is elucidating neutrino interactions with argon through cross-section measurements to refine interaction models and reduce uncertainties. In this poster, we present the status of the single and double multi-differential charged current (CC) cross section with zero pions in the final state (CC-0$\pi$) as a function of muon momentum ($0.1<p_\mu<2.0\,\mathrm{GeV/c}$) and the cosine of the muon angle ($-1<\cos\theta_\mu<1$). We present the details of the event selection and cross section extraction along with a set of tests using fake data to establish the robustness of the analysis methodology. We also discuss prospects for a future combined measurement with the Gd-H$_2$O target at the ANNIE experiment, to explore MicroBooNE’s proton multiplicity alongside ANNIE’s neutron multiplicity.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Search for anomalous neutral current coherent-like single-photon production in MicroBooNE

This note describes progress towards the first experimental search for neutrino-induced neutral current coherent single-photon production (NC coherent 1γ). The search makes use of data from the MicroBooNE’s 85-tonne active mass liquid argon time projection chamber detector, situated in Fermilab’s Booster Neutrino Beam, with an average neutrino energy of $\langle$E ν $\rangle$ ~ 0.8 GeV. A selection targeted on candidate neutrino interactions with a single photon-like electromagnetic shower in the final state and no visible vertex activity was developed to search for this rare NC coherent 1γ process.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Neutron-antineutron oscillation sensitivity study at DUNE

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) aims to measure neutrino oscillations as well as search for beyond the standard model physics such as baryon number violating (BNV) processes. DUNE will use a 70 kt Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) located more than 1 km underground. A promising BNV process is neutron-antineutron oscillation ($n \rightarrow \bar{n}$) which, if discovered, would offer unique insight into the baryon asymmetry of the universe. We are developing a classification algorithm that separates $n \rightarrow \bar{n}$ events from major background atmospheric neutrino interactions using DUNE far detector simulations. We will perform the classification of signals and backgrounds by analyzing key features such as the multiplicity, isotropy, and kinematics of the reconstructed events. In the future, this algorithm can be used to obtain the sensitivity of the DUNE detectors to the neutron-antineutron oscillation lifetime.

Wheeler, Justin↗
DOE OSTI2024

Analysis of the µ-2p Final State with SBND

The neutrino remains an enigma within the Standard Model. The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) at Fermilab aims to probe these peculiar particles by examining essential regions of neutrino research, including oscillation measurement and searches for sterile neutrinos. As liquid Argon (LAr) neutrino detectors such as SBND gain relevancy, it is necessary to understand neutrino interactions pertinent within LAr detectors, namely ν-nucleon interactions, to reduce the substantial uncertainties from said interactions. This research intends to probe the ν interaction signature of one muon and two protons within SBND. Few studies have examined the µ-2p final state. The lack of research on the µ-2p signature suggests the need for further examination.

Talbi, Nadia↗
DOE OSTI2024

Region of Interest Filter in DUNE DAQ

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is the next generation neutrino experiment currently under construction. It consists of a broadband neutrino beam at Fermilab, a high precision near detector, and the largest liquid argon time projection chamber far detector ever designed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). The Region of Interest (ROI) filter is designed for DUNE’s online Data Acquisition (DAQ) system to address data rate constraints and enable low energy physics in the <10 MeV range. The filter employs zero suppression on the detector signal, and by tuning the readout window and threshold the data rates can be reduced by >90%. Performance of the ROI is analyzed in LArsoft on MARLEY generated low energy MC events propagated through the detector simulation. Notably, the optimized ROI filter enables a lower trigger threshold for readout at ~5-10 MeV, allowing DUNE to explore low-energy physics, specifically focusing on solar boron 8 neutrinos which are relevant in this energy range. This advancement enhances DUNE's scientific capabilities, opening avenues for detailed analyses of previously inaccessible low-energy neutrino interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

The KIPM Detector Consortium

Kinetic Inductance Phonon-Mediated (KIPM) Detectors, microcalorimeters that leverage kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) to read out phonon signals from the device substrate, are an attractive architecture for low-threshold rare-event searches due to their large response to small changes in quasiparticle density and native multiplexability, enabling scalability. We have established a consortium comprising university and national lab groups dedicated to advancing the state-of-the-art in these detectors, with the ultimate goal of designing a detector with a kg-scale target mass and sub-eV threshold on energy deposited in the substrate, enabling searches for both light dark matter and low-energy neutrino interactions. This consortium brings together experts in KID design, phonon and quasiparticle dynamics, and noise modeling, along with specialized fabrication facilities, test platforms, and unique calibration capabilities. Recently, our consortium has demonstrated a sensor resolution (i.e., resolution in the quasiparticle channel) of 2.1 eV, the current record for such devices. The current focus of the consortium is modeling and improving the phonon collection efficiency and implementing low-Tc superconductors, both of which serve to improve the overall energy resolution and threshold of the detectors. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the consortium and its capabilities, highlight some recent results from its member groups, and discuss near term plans toward reaching the ultimate goal.

Temples, Dylan J. [Fermilab]↗