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Gen 3 Particle Pilot Plant (G3P3): Quantifying System Benefits through Production Cost Modeling (full paper).
Abstract not provided.
Thermal Stability and Decomposition Products of P-Doped Ferrihydrite
This work aimed to determine the effect of various amounts of P admixtures in synthetic ferrihydrite on its thermal stability, transformation processes, and the properties of the products, at a broad range of temperatures up to 1000 °C. A detailed study was conducted using a series of synthetic ferrihydrites Fe 5 HO 8 ·4H 2 O doped with phosphates at P/Fe molar ratios of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0. Ferrihydrite was synthesized by a reaction of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 with 1 M KOH at room temperature in the presence of K 2 HPO 4 at pH 8.2. The products of the synthesis and the products of heating were characterized at various stages of transformation by using differential thermal analysis accompanied with X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Coprecipitation of P with ferrihydrite results in the formation of P-doped 2-line ferrihydrite. A high P content reduces crystallinity. Phosphate significantly inhibits the thermal transformation processes. The temperature of thermal transformation increases from below 550 to 710–750 °C. Formation of intermediate maghemite and Fe-phosphates, is observed. The product of heating up to 1000 °C contains hematite associated with rodolicoite FePO 4 and grattarolaite Fe 3 PO 7 . Higher P content greatly increases the thermal stability and transformation temperature of rodolicoite as well.
Materials Data on HoNbO4 by Materials Project
HoNbO4 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ho3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.41 Å. Nb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing NbO6 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.50 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and two equivalent Nb5+ atoms.
High-volume and -adiabat capsule (“HVAC”) ignition: Lowered fuel compression requirements using advanced Hohlraums
Lower-than-expected deuterium–tritium fuel areal densities have been experimentally inferred across a variety of high-convergence, nominally low-adiabat implosion campaigns at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) using cylinder-shaped Hohlraums [Hurricane et al., Phys. Plasmas 26, 052704 (2019)]. A leading candidate explanation is the presence of atomic mix between the fuel and ablator from hydrodynamic instability growth [Clark et al., Phys. Plasmas 26, 050601 (2019)], leading to reduced fuel compressibility and an effectively higher (in-flight) fuel adiabat α. Tolerating a high-α implosion can be obtained with significantly higher capsule absorbed energy Ecap according to the one-dimensional (1-D) ignition-threshold-factor analytic scaling [S. Atzeni and J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, Nucl. Fusion 41, 465 (2001)], ITF∼Ecap·α−1.8. Recent experiments with large Al shells in rugby-shaped Hohlraums have established high laser-capsule coupling efficiencies of ≽ 30% [Ping et al., Nat. Phys. 15, 138 (2019)], enabling a path to Ecap≽ 0.5 MJ at the NIF and increased performance margin M ≡ ITF − 1. The ability to operate at high adiabat with large capsules using nonstandard Hohlraums leads to the predicted onset of a volume-ignition mode, defined as when both the entire fuel is the “hot spot” and inertial confinement is principally provided by the ablator compared with the compressed fuel. Such an ignition mode, normally reserved for high-Z targets, e.g., double shells [Amendt et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 056312 (2007)], is predicted to lead to lower fuel convergence and less exposure to mix due to the intended high adiabat—but at the expense of ∼3–4 × reduced (1-D) yield compared with conventional central hot-spot ignition designs.
Microwave measurement of thermal emission from the sea.
Review of the results of some experimental and theoretical investigations of various limiting factors in microwave measurements of thermal emission from the sea, ranging from instrumentation to surface properties of the ocean. It is shown that absolute measurement of the thermal emission from the sea can be made at 2.69 GHz, with accuracies of better than plus or minus 1 K within the present state of microwave instrument development. The principal uncertainties on interpretation of such observations in terms of molecular temperature of the sea involve: (1) surface contamination such as oil slicks, (2) spray and foaming, (3) salinity variation, and (4) surface waves.
Analysis of Coupled Seals, Secondary and Powerstream Flow Fields in Aircraft and Aerospace Turbomachines
Higher power, high efficiency gas turbine engines require optimization of the seals and secondary flow systems as well as their impact on the powerstream. This work focuses on two aspects: 1. To apply the present day CFD tools (SCISEAL) to different real-life secondary flow applications from different original equipment manufacturers (OEM s) to provide feedback data and 2. Develop a computational methodology for coupled time-accurate simulation of the powerstream and secondary flow with emphasis on the interaction between the disk-cavity and rim seals flows with the powerstream (SCISEAL-MS-TURBO). One OEM simulation was of the Allison Engine Company T-56 turbine drum cavities including conjugate heat transfer with good agreement with data and provided design feedback information. Another was the GE aspirating seal where the 3-D CFD simulations played a major role in analysis and modification of that seal configuration. The second major objective, development of a coupled flow simulation capability was achieved by using two codes MS-TURBO for the powerstream and SCISEAL for the secondary flows with an interface coupling algorithm. The coupled code was tested against data from three differed configurations: 1. bladeless-rotor-stator-cavity turbine test rig, 2. UTRC high pressure turbine test rig, and, 3. the NASA Low-Speed-Air Compressor rig (LSAC) with results and limitations discussed herein.
Band Anisotropy Generates Axis-Dependent Conduction Polarity of Mg 3 Sb 2 and Mg 3 Bi 2
Not provided.
Development of the Generation 3 Particle Pilot Plant Falling Particle Receiver.
Abstract not provided.
Materials Data on LiB(HO)4 by Materials Project
LiB(OH)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbca space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.05 Å. B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.51 Å. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.73 Å) H–O bond length. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Li1+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one B3+, and two H1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one B3+, and two H1+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom.
Materials Data on NaHoO2 by Materials Project
NaHoO2 is Caswellsilverite-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NaO6 octahedra, corners with four HoO6 octahedra, edges with five NaO6 octahedra, and edges with seven HoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–14°. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.76 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NaO6 octahedra, corners with four HoO6 octahedra, edges with five NaO6 octahedra, and edges with seven HoO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–14°. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.74 Å. There are two inequivalent Ho3+ sites. In the first Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form HoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent HoO6 octahedra, corners with four NaO6 octahedra, edges with five HoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven NaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–14°. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.32 Å. In the second Ho3+ site, Ho3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form HoO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent HoO6 octahedra, corners with four NaO6 octahedra, edges with five HoO6 octahedra, and edges with seven NaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–14°. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.31 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Na1+ and three Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing ONa3Ho3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–13°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Na1+ and three Ho3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ONa3Ho3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 2–13°.
Materials Data on Mg3P2(HO)16 by Materials Project
Mg3P2(HO)16 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four Mg3P2(HO)16 sheets oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. there are three inequivalent Mg2+ sites. In the first Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent PO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one MgO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.07 Å) and two longer (2.17 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. In the second Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent PO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one MgO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.17 Å. In the third Mg2+ site, Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.16 Å. P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with five MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–57°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.55–1.57 Å. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.73 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.74 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.64 Å) H–O bond length. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Mg2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Mg2+, one P5+, and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Mg2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Mg2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+, one P5+, and two H1+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Mg2+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+ and two H1+ atoms.
Space shuttle system program definition. Volume 4: Cost and schedule report
The supporting cost and schedule data for the second half of the Space Shuttle System Phase B Extension Study is summarized. The major objective for this period was to address the cost/schedule differences affecting final selection of the HO orbiter space shuttle system. The contending options under study included the following booster launch configurations: (1) series burn ballistic recoverable booster (BRB), (2) parallel burn ballistic recoverable booster (BRB), (3) series burn solid rocket motors (SRM's), and (4) parallel burn solid rocket motors (SRM's). The implications of varying payload bay sizes for the orbiter, engine type for the ballistics recoverable booster, and SRM motors for the solid booster were examined.
Investigation of the effects of ternary deep eutectic solvent composition on pretreatment of sorghum stover
Biomass‐derived deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been introduced as promising pretreatment and fractionation solvents because of their mild processing conditions, easy synthesis, and green solvent components from biomass. In recent DES studies, solvent‐based third constituents like water, ethanol, and others improve the processibility of typical binary DESs. However, the impacts of these components are not well understood. Here, two solvent‐based constituents, including water and ethylene glycol, were applied to 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA)‐based DES system for improving the conversion efficiency of cellulose‐rich fraction and the properties of lignin fraction. Chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility, degree of polymerization of cellulose and physicochemical properties of lignin were used to evaluate the impact of each third constituent on biomass processing. Ternary ChCl‐DHBA DESs exhibited better performances in delignification, fermentable sugar production, and preservation of β‐O‐4 ether linkage in lignin compared with binary ChCl‐DHBA DES.
Materials Data on CaMgB6(HO)22 by Materials Project
CaMgB6(H9O10)2(H2O)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight water molecules and one CaMgB6(H9O10)2 framework. In the CaMgB6(H9O10)2 framework, Ca2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.54 Å. Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Mg–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.13 Å. There are three inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one MgO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.50 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one MgO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.52 Å. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.37 Å) and one longer (1.39 Å) B–O bond length. There are nine inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.97 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.62 Å) H–O bond length. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ca2+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ca2+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one B3+ and two H1+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Mg2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ca2+ and two H1+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ca2+ and two B3+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom.
Materials Data on Ho3Se4O12F by Materials Project
Ho3Se4O12F crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3mc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ho3+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to eight O2- and one F1- atom. There are a spread of Ho–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.56 Å. The Ho–F bond length is 2.35 Å. There are two inequivalent Se4+ sites. In the first Se4+ site, Se4+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. All Se–O bond lengths are 1.72 Å. In the second Se4+ site, Se4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent O2- atoms. All Se–O bond lengths are 1.74 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and one Se4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and one Se4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ho3+ and one Se4+ atom. F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent Ho3+ atoms.
Investigation of loss processes of Tm and Tm,Ho in YAG
The loss of excitation from various manifolds of Tm and Tm,Ho in YAG as a function of temperature and concentration is studied. Two probable loss mechanisms - a Tm up-conversion and a Ho up-conversion - are identified. A 785-nm CW diode laser with 400-nW peak power was focused to a small spot on the sample. The emission from the sample observed at 90 deg was monitored through a monochromator with slits open to 3 mm. Intensity of emission was measured by varying the power of the excitation source using a set of neutral density filters. Power is reported as the percentage of the peak power, and the intensity curves were normalized below 20 percent of transmission. The fact that there is emission above the pump energy indicates an up-conversion from excited manifolds. Nonlinear changes in the intensity of the emission from the Tm 3F4 manifold with the pump power reveals a loss of excitation from this manifold. The linear dependence of the 5I7 manifold emission with pump power at low Tm and high Ho concentrations and the gain of energy in the 5I6 manifold of Ho indicate that the 5I7 manifold loss is due to the coupling of Tm and Ho ions.
Design and Realization of Ohmic and Schottky Interfaces for Oxide Electronics
Understanding band alignment and charge transfer at complex oxide interfaces is critical to tailoring and utilizing their diverse functionality. Toward this goal, both Ohmic- and Schottky-like charge transfers at oxide/oxide semiconductor/metal interfaces are designed and experimentally validated. A method for predicting band alignment and charge transfer in ABO 3 perovskites is utilized, where previously established rules for simple semiconductors fail. The prototypical systems chosen are the rare class of oxide metals, SrBO 3 with B = V–Ta, when interfaced with the multifaceted semiconducting oxide, SrTiO 3 . For B = Nb and Ta, it is confirmed that a large accumulation of charge occurs in SrTiO 3 due to the higher energy Nb and Ta states relative to Ti. Furthermore, this gives rise to a high mobility metallic interface, which is an ideal epitaxial oxide/oxide Ohmic contact. On the contrary, for B = V, there is no charge transfer into the SrTiO 3 interface, which serves as a highly conductive epitaxial gate metal. Going beyond these specific cases, this work opens the door to integrating the vast phenomena of ABO 3 perovskites into a wide range of practical devices.