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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

A Generalized Framework for Modeling Next Generation 911 Implementations

This document summarizes the current state of Sandia 911 modeling capabilities and then addresses key aspects of Next Generation 911 (NG911) architectures for expansion of existing models. Analysis of three NG911 implementations was used to inform heuristics ,associated key data requirements, and assumptions needed to capture NG911 architectures in the existing models. Modeling of NG911 necessitates careful consideration of its complexity and the diversity of implementations. Draft heuristics for constructing NG911 models are pres ented based on the analysis along with a summary of current challenges and ways to improve future NG911 modeling efforts. We found that NG911 relies on E nhanced 911 (E911) assets such as 911 selective routers to route calls originating from traditional tel ephony service which are a majority of 911 calls. We also found that the diversity and transitional nature of NG911 implementations necessitates significant and frequent data collection to ensure that adequate model s are available for crisis action support.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2018

Implementation of ISO 50001 at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort

The ISO 50001 implementation demonstration at U.S. Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Beaufort proved the feasibility of integrating an ISO 50001-conforming EnMS into existing command structures. The approach of leveraging external experts in gap analysis, EnMS training, and technical assistance were effective. In addition, strong leadership commitment and personnel resources were critical for success. Addressing typical personnel rotations by training newly rotated personnel and partnering key leadership positions in the EnMS structure with civilian counterparts can ensure program continuity. The project team brought forward many creative solutions that address the unique challenges for the Marine Corps and has paved the way for future Marine Corps EnMS implementations with example strategies and work products. Implementation of an ISO 50001 EnMS at additional Marine Corps facilities could provide for integration of base energy-related data systems and standardized energy reporting, using meaningful metrics for energy performance improvement. Beyond the energy performance improvement benefits of ISO 50001, widespread adoption of the standard at Marine Corps facilities would provide the communication and integration basis on which to reduce energy resiliency concern and could integrate energy service cyber security protections base wide. High levels of energy consumption, aggressive mandates from multiple sources, complex organizational structures, and constant personnel rotation make ISO 50001 a uniquely attractive proposition for the Marine Corps in support of the DoD’s overall energy strategy. The recently launched Energy Ethos and Unit Energy Manager (UEM) programs offer dynamic action-based programs over which ISO 50001 based business management can provide integrated governance of the Marine Corps installations’ energy programs.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

General Requirements for Designing and Implementing a Cryptography Module for Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Systems

Penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is rapidly increasing in the bulk power system (BPS); they are growing to be a significant portion of generation. As such, grid-support capabilities are being developed and implemented; IEEE Std. 1547 mandates new interconnection and interoperability standards to achieve these capabilities and allow remote users to change behaviors to many devices. However, as their presence increases, the impact of DERs on the BPS also increases. Therefore, if a disturbance occurs in the DER system, its effects could propagate throughout the BPS. These disturbances could range from equipment malfunctions to resource variability to cyber attacks. This document will discuss general requirements needed for developing a distributed cryptography module for implementation in DER systems. First, we will examine the composition of DER systems in Section 2. Procedures to identify critical assets and the security of DERs is discussed in Section 3. Section 4 introduces cryptography concepts and Section 5 discusses implementation needs and options. Finally, practical considerations are provided in Section 6 and conclusions are provided in Section 7.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

System Engineering Applied: A Case Study in the Implementation of Successful Systems

The application of Systems Engineering (SE) principles has emerged to manage complex systems from a concept to the successful realization and implementation of the system. Multiple Research and Development (R&D) programs at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have implemented these principles and have maximized their efforts in the realization of successful systems. The Primary Standards Laboratory (PSL) at SNL has avoided the full implementation of such principles which has stalled the development of new and efficient calibration systems. The objective of this project is to introduce SE to the PSL and develop a framework of best practices that can be utilized to expedite the development and deployment of accurate and efficient testing systems throughout the PSL. A Case Study will be presented for the principles of the SE development lifecycle in a R&D environment to maximize the PSL’s efforts in a requirements-driven environment.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

PORFLOW Implementation of Special Waste from Models for Slit and Engineered Trenches in the E-Area Low Level Waste Facility Performance Assessment

The implementation of special waste forms (SWFs) in the deterministic PORFLOW Slit Trench (ST) and Engineered Trench (ET) models to be used in the next revision of the E-Area Low Level Waste Facility’s (ELLWFs) Performance Assessment (PA) is outlined in this report. Four SWF implementation methods will be used: effective K d , delayed release, solubility-controlled/diffusion-controlled release, and complex SWF model updates. In addition, the implementation of models that address the presence of tall used equipment storage boxes in ST08-10 is considered a special waste form and will be described.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Counter Unmanned Aircraft System (CUAS) Implementation Storyline

This report is an FY21 Deliverable for NA-21.1, International Nuclear Security, WBS 21.1.1.1.4 Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (CUAS), under C.1.4, Develop Suite of Engagement Materials and Tools for Country/Regional Teams. The responsibility for protecting nuclear assets is an immense challenge for governments. Policy changes based on geopolitics, instability of government regimes, and technological advances that facilitate theft of nuclear material all contribute to the enduring task of staying current with these and other threats. One of the recent threats to come along is the use of drones or Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) to circumvent traditional Physical Security Systems. There are significant resources invested on physical protection systems for securing nuclear assets, but many of these systems can now be bypassed by simply flying over these measures intended to guard against ground attacks. In recent years the threat increased to hostile groups to attack or surveil due to advances and availability of UAS platforms. It is now more urgent to implement systems and procedures to counter the UAS threat. The United States (U.S.) federal government granted authority to the Department of Energy (DOE) to implement a Counter UAS to protect nuclear assets. This document provides a very practical and transparent view of the trials, tribulations and challenges we encountered while implementing the first Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System (CUAS) Program in the DOE at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2020

ZFP Hardware Implementation

As core counts increase in new HPC systems with comparatively little increase in memory bandwidth, the trend is an effective decrease in memory bandwidth per core. Other bandwidth limitations in HPC systems exist between CPU and GPU memory, between system nodes, and between node memory and storage. Compression of floating-point data has the potential to reduce data movement and pressure across these communication channels. Furthermore, it has the potential to reduce the footprint of floating-point arrays stored in memory. ZFP, implemented in software, is gaining traction as an effective method in floating-point compression; however, performance gains are limited to the spare compute cycles available before reaching the bandwidth limitations of the communication channel. A hardware implementation of ZFP has the potential to raise the bar on performance. From the inception of ZFP, it was designed to accommodate a hardware implementation.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Performance Analysis of Traditional and Data-Parallel Primitive Implementations of Visualization and Analysis Kernels

Measurements of absolute runtime are useful as a summary of performance when studying parallel visualization and analysis methods on computational platforms of increasing concurrency and complexity. We can obtain even more insights by measuring and examining more detailed measures from hardware performance counters, such as the number of instructions executed by an algorithm implemented in a particular way, the amount of data moved to/from memory, memory hierarchy utilization levels via cache hit/miss ratios, and so forth. This work focuses on performance analysis on modern multi-core platforms of three different visualization and analysis kernels that are implemented in different ways: one is "traditional", using combinations of C++ and VTK, and the other uses a data-parallel approach using VTK-m. Our performance study consists of measurement and reporting of several different hardware performance counters on two different multi-core CPU platforms. The results reveal interesting performance differences between these two different approaches for implementing these kernels, results that would not be apparent using runtime as the only metric.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Development, Implementation, and Verification of Partially-Ionized Collisional Multifluid Plasma Models in Drekar

We consider the development of multifluid models for partially ionized multispecies plasmas. The models are composed of a standard set of five-moment fluid equations for each species plus a description of electromagnetics. The most general model considered utilizes a full set of fluid equations for each charge state of each atomic species, plus a set of fluid equations for electrons. The fluid equations are coupled through source terms describing electromagnetic coupling, ionization, recombination, charge exchange, and elastic scattering collisions in the low-density coronal limit. The form of each of these source terms is described in detail, and references for required rate coefficients are identified for a diverse range of atomic species. Initial efforts have been made to extend these models to incorporate some higher-density collisional effects, including ionization potential depression and three- body recombination. Some reductions of the general multifluid model are considered. First, a reduced multifluid model is derived which averages over all of the charge states (including neutrals) of each atomic species in the general multifluid model. The resulting model maintains full consistency with the general multifluid model from which it is derived by leveraging a quasi-steady-state collisional ionization equilibrium assumption to recover the ionization fractions required to make use of the general collision models. Further reductions are briefly considered to derive certain components of a single-fluid magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model. In this case, a generalized Ohm's law is obtained, and the standard MHD resistivity is expressed in terms of the collisional models used in the general multifluid model. A number of numerical considerations required to obtain robust implementations of these multifluid models are discussed. First, an algebraic flux correction (AFC) stabilization approach for a continuous Galerkin finite element discretization of the multifluid system is described in which the characteristic speeds used in the stabilization of the fluid systems are synchronized across all species in the model. It is demonstrated that this synchronization is crucial in order to obtain a robust discretization of the multifluid system. Additionally, several different formulations are considered for describing the electromagnetics portion of the multifluid system using nodal continuous Galerkin finite element discretizations. The formulations considered include a parabolic divergence cleaning method and an implicit projection method for the traditional curl formulation of Maxwell's equations, a purely- hyperbolic potential-based formulation of Maxwell's equations, and a mixed hyperbolic-elliptic potential-based formulation of Maxwell's equations. Some advantages and disadvantages of each formulation are explored to compare solution robustness and the ease of use of each formulation. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of various components of our implementation. Analytic solutions for a spatially homogeneous damped plasma oscillation are derived in order to verify the implementation of the source terms for electromagnetic coupling and elastic collisions between fluid species. Ionization balance as a function of electron temperature is evaluated for several atomic species of interest by comparing to steady-state calculations using various sets of ionization and recombination rate coefficients. Several test problems in one and two spatial dimensions are used to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the discretization and stabilization approach for the fluid components of the multifluid system. This includes standard test problems for electrostatic and electromagnetic shock tubes in the two-fluid and ideal shock-MHD limits, a cylindrical diocotron instability, and the GEM challenge magnetic reconnection problem. A one-dimensional simplified prototype of an argon gas puff configuration as deployed on Sandia's Z-machine is used as a demonstration to exercise the full range of capabilities associated with the general multifluid model.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Recommendations on ILC Project Implementation

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a next-generation experimental facility to explore fundamental laws of the Universe. The importance of electron-positron linear colliders as a future experimental facility has been long recognized by the worldwide high energy physics community. A global design team, the Global Design Efforts (GDE), was set up under the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA) for design and coordination of R&D activities of the ILC in 2005, and the ILC Technical Design Report (TDR) was completed in 2013. ICFA then established the Linear Collider Collaboration (LCC) and the Linear Collider Board (LCB) and has continued to support the worldwide efforts for realizing the ILC. Meanwhile, in 2012, KEK and the high energy physics community in Japan proposed that Japan should host the ILC, which was welcomed by the worldwide high energy physics community. Implementation of the ILC project will require strong involvements from international partners due to its scientific importance and large scale. Aspects of international cost sharing and governance of the organization carrying out the ILC project will need to be discussed and agreed at the governmental level. Therefore, KEK established an International Working Group (WG) on the ILC Project in May 2019, inviting scientific experts worldwide* , and asking them to study international aspects of the project implementation from viewpoints of researchers. They were requested to create a report on model of international cost sharing for construction and operation, organization and governance of the ILC Laboratory, and international sharing of the remaining technical preparation. The WG report was submitted to KEK on September 25, 2019. After reviewing the content of the report, KEK decided to make it available within this document entitled “Recommendations on ILC Project Implementation”. This document summarizes the deliberations from researchers’ viewpoints; it does not intend to pre-empt governments and funding agencies. It is hoped that it will be helpful for discussions among governments and funding agencies.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Automated Mobility District Implementation Catalog, 2nd Edition: Safe and Efficient Automated Vehicle Fleet Operations for Public Mobility

This second volume of the Automated Mobility District (AMD) Implementation Catalog series has been prepared in three parts to assist readers in their review and understanding of the technical information herein. The material may be more easily ingested if each of the three parts is read and then contemplated for its ramifications to the specific interest of the reader before continuing to the next part. Further, each part has been prepared with the intent that it could be read independently from the others. Part 1 is Progress of Automated Vehicle R&D for Deployments in Passenger Service; Part 2 is 10 Early Deployment Sites as Prototypes of AMD Implementation; Part 3 is Five Cardinal Principles for AMD Implementation.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Generic National Nuclear Forensics Library Implementation

This document provides instructions for the database implementation for national nuclear forensic library (NNFL) using a relational database. While there are many software options that can be used to implement an NNFL database, in this document we reference an Oracle database for the implementation. The principles related here can be applied to any relational database structure. The design revolves around two main types of data: Samples and Results. Samples are materials or descriptions of materials; results are the results of analyses of those samples. All additional tables exist as a result of the normalization process. The remaining tables/entities have keys that are referenced by the Result/Sample tables via foreign key constraints. This allows for the enforcement of different relationships between the tables such as one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many. This process helps to ensure that valid data is entered, optimizes database performance and avoids data redundancies.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Characterization of Safeguards Implementation Schedules for Advanced Reactors

Advanced reactor designs differ from the traditional light-water reactor designs and operational requirements in nearly every facet, including the heat transfer fluids, operating temperatures and pressures, and fuel cycle requirements. To account for these differences, significant effort will be required to ensure appropriate safeguards implementation for US-based reactors intended for global deployment. This is the second in a series of three reports that examine facets of this issue. The first paper (ORNL/TM-2021/2142) examines potential construction schedules for advanced reactors to create a baseline understanding of the timeframes involved. This second report characterizes International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards implementation schedules for potential advanced reactors. Finally, the third report (ORNL/TM-2021/2208) examines existing gaps for safeguards implementation at advanced reactors.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

On the flow-stress model of Preston, Tonks, and Wallace - Observations, parameter constraints, and implementations (Rev. 1)

A detailed discussion about the PTW flow-stress model has been presented, including theoretical considerations, model calibrations to experimental data, and model implementations in LANL ASC hydro-codes. The main findings are: In order to reproduce the intended behavior of the PTW model at high strain rates, the following conditions on the model parameters need to be valid: y 1 ≥ s 0 and y 2 ≥ β ; When the conditions above are not satisfied, PTW and PTW_Mod1 have slightly different behavior in the phonon-drag regime, and should be treated as different models. PTW exhibits a discontinuity above the critical strain rate. PTW_Mod1 does not show such a discontinuity but implies a different strain-rate dependence at high strain rates. Examples of this behavior include older calibrations for stainless steel and depleted uranium; In the thermal-activation regime, some flexibility was introduced in the original PTW model to allow for different rate-dependent behaviors at intermediate strain rates. Example: copper. However, many material calibrations do not require this extra flexibility, and the complexity and ambiguity of the intended behavior can be partially blamed for the inconsistent model implementations across ASC codes; The limit for the material constant p going to zero is well defined and leads to a simplified flow-stress equation, discontinuity free; Modern calibrations of the PTW parameters are done using Impala. Constraints on the PTW parameters are enforced; Implementation of the PTW model in LANL ASC hydro-codes suffered of several shortcom ings. At the time of writing, FLAG and xRAGE contain consistent and correct implemen tations of the PTW and PTW_Mod1 models. Corresponding changes to Pagosa have been suggested.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Cyber-Informed Engineering Implementation Guide: Version 1.0 [Slides]

This Implementation Guide describes the principles of Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) and outlines questions that engineering teams should consider during each phase of a system's lifecycle to effectively employ these principles. It describes what it means to engineer systems in a cyber-informed way, rather than offering a comprehensive, step-by-step process or procedure for CIE implementation. This guide complements - but does not replace - the application of cybersecurity standards or practices currently in place within an organization. Engineers and technicians that design critical energy infrastructure installations can use this Implementation Guide to integrate the 12 principles of CIE into each phase of the engineering lifecycle, from concept to retirement. The guide is aimed at system or design engineers, rather than software engineers or operational cybersecurity practitioners. The engineers who design, build, operate, and maintain the physical infrastructure are best positioned to leverage a system's engineering design to diminish the severity of cyber attacks or digital technology failures. CIE expands cybersecurity decisions into the engineering space, not by asking engineers to become cyber experts, but by calling on engineers to apply engineering tools and make engineering decisions that improve cybersecurity outcomes. CIE examines the engineering consequences that a sophisticated cyber attacker could achieve and drives engineering changes that may provide deterministic mitigations to limit or eliminate those consequences.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Riverine Plastic Pollution: Field Sampling Protocol and Implementation in U.S. Rivers

Riverine plastic pollution is increasingly being recognized as a serious environmental concern. The flux of plastic from U.S. rivers into the oceans is estimated to be on the order of hundreds of tons per year. Plastic pollution has been detected in all major U.S. rivers but the observations did not measure metrics that could be used for mass flux calculations. The Department of Energy is addressing the problem of riverine plastic pollution with the Waterborne Plastics Resource Assessment and Debris Characterization (WaterPACT) project. Phase one of the WaterPACT project includes the development of a sampling protocol, field sampling events that implement the protocol, and numerical modeling studies. The field sampling will quantify and characterize the plastic pollution and the numerical modeling studies will analyze the movement of the plastic pollution by rivers. This report details the WaterPACT sampling protocol and its implementation in four major U.S. rivers. The WaterPACT sampling protocol was implemented in the Mississippi, Columbia, Delaware, and Los Angeles rivers with at least three sampling events in each river. The rivers represent four types ranging from the large Mississippi with its vast agricultural watershed to the small Los Angeles with its highly engineered urban waterway. The three sampling events covered a variety of discharge conditions from low drought flow to extreme storm events. The data obtained by the WaterPACT sampling of the four rivers will be combined to provide an invaluable dataset to researchers studying the source and chemical composition of plastic pollution and modelers estimating the flux of plastic being transported to and released into the oceans.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

SAM Software Quality Assurance Plan Implementation and NQA-1 Assessment

The System Analysis Module (SAM) is an advanced and modern system analysis tool being developed at Argonne National Laboratory under the U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program. As a modern-day software, SAM development included efforts to follow best practices in software development. These best practices include version control using git, independent reviews of development activities, and detailed descriptions of developments and bug fixes using the GitLab issue and merge request system. In Fiscal Year 2023 (FY23), the SAM development team set out to formalize a Software Quality Assurance (SQA) program that allowed industry partners to credit the informal steps being taken by the SAM development team to ensure the quality of the software. As part of formalizing an SQA program, a SQA Plan (SQAP) was developed, implemented, and assessed. The SAM SQAP targets compliance with NQA-1-2008/2009 Addenda. The SQAP builds on the MOOSE SQAP and the Argonne SSQAPP while accounting for the needs of the multi-organization SAM development team. Modifications to the SAM repository structure, including a new testing system, updated test cases, and the development of an internal website, facilitate the implementation of the SAM SQAP. The initial assessment of the SAM SQAP indicated that the SAM SQAP was adequately and effectively implemented and additional work was required to improve the compliance of the SAM SQAP with NQA-1 2008/2009 Addenda. Several improvements to the SQAP have already been drafted to address these assessments and future work is planned to further improve the SAM SQAP in support of end-user needs.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Implementing One Sided Partitioned Communication in Open MPI

This report introduces partitioned communication, a new MPI 4.0 interface that enables early bird communication by overlapping communication and computation. By partitioning messages into smaller sub-messages, MPI can start partial data transfers early. Performance studies show that the RMA implementation outperforms the Persistent implementation, despite some constraints. This report details a new opt-in RMA implementation, offering a high-performance option for partitioned communication that imposes some additional limitations.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗