Ion, electron and neutral temperatures derived from ion composition distribution
Ion, electron, and neutral temperatures derived from ion composition distribution data
Rao, B. C. N.↗
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The velocity structure of the moon.
Lunar seismic velocity distribution data indicates broad low velocity zone together with possible extensive melting at depth
Kovach, R. L.↗
Solar irradiance curves and absorptance of satellite coatings.
Solar irradiance spectral distribution data normalized and combined with spectral absorptance of satellite surface coatings, obtaining absorbed energy for spectral range
Thekaekara, M. P.↗
On the generation and interaction of high energy muons
Energy spectra and angular distribution data on generation and interaction of high energy muons with thick targets
Khristiansen, G. B.↗
Structured variations of the plasmapause - Evidence of a corotating plasma tail
Earth corotating plasma tail evidence in plasmapause variations from high resolution proton distribution data obtained by Ogo 4 satellite during magnetic storm
Grebowsky, J. M.↗
Erosion, transportation and the nature of the Maria
Lunar Orbiter and Apollo photographs of the moon and laboratory simulations of a surface transportation mechanism are discussed. Studies of shoulders at junctions of old mountains with flat mare surfaces show that the crater density in the shoulder is lower than that in the neighboring ground. The crisscross pattern is very pronounced on the mountain slope, is on the shoulder in a smaller scale, and is absent on the mare surface. It is concluded that the material forming the shoulders came there as a consequence of a surface transportation mechanism, and that the shoulders reached their present configuration later than the final shaping of the mare surface. Seismic signal transmission and mascon distribution data indicate that the filling of mare basins did not occur in a similar manner. An electrostatic mechanism for surface transportation was studied experimentally by bombarding material with electrons. An electric field resulted which was capable of dislodging and moving grains. It was also found that the junction line between different materials remains sharp, and materials do not mix even when the junction line itself moves.
Gold, T.↗
Some aspects of the NASTRAN program output
The NASTRAN program output is discussed from a structural analysts point of view, and the simple modifications which were made to the program in order to improve it are also described. The convenience of the output for use in original design work is critically appraised and compared with the output from ASTRAL. It is shown that considerable hand calculation is necessary in order to extract useful load distribution data from the available NASTRAN output. For this reason, some effort was directed toward providing additional force output for the NASTRAN shear panel element.
Gregory, D. J.↗
Nature of the Martian surface as inferred from the particle-size distribution of lunar-surface material.
Analysis of lunar particle size distribution data indicates that the surface material is composed of two populations. One population is caused by comminution from the impact of the larger-sized meteorites, while the other population is caused by the melting of fine material by the impact of smaller-sized meteorites. The results are referred to Mars, and it is shown that the Martian atmosphere would vaporize the smaller incoming meteorites and retard the incoming meteorites of intermediate and large size, causing comminution and stirring of the particulate layer. The combination of comminution and stirring would result in fine material being sorted out by the prevailing circulation of the Martian atmosphere and the material being transported to regions where it could be deposited. As a result, the Martian surface in regions of prevailing upward circulation is probably covered by either a rubble layer or by desert pavement; regions of prevailing downward circulation are probably covered by sand dunes.
Mason, C. C.↗
Linear momentum transfer effects in molecular dissociation produced by electron impact.
In this study of molecular dissociation produced by electron impact, diatomic systems and polyatomic molecules are considered, and attention is given to the effects of thermal motion and of momentum transfer in the collision process. A procedure is described which makes it possible to 'construct' both the laboratory angular distribution and velocity distribution of the atomic fragments (or, alternatively, the time-of-flight distribution). The calculation assumes that s-wave electron scattering predominates, i.e., that excitation occurs near threshold. The computational procedure may also be reversed to allow construction of possible molecular models to fit given experimental angular and velocity distribution data.
Misakian, M.↗
Application of computer-aided aircraft design in a multidisciplinary environment.
Applications of a multidisciplinary system of computer programs to selected analytical and optimization problems encountered in an aircraft design are described. The depth of the analyses and optimizations permits such detailed output as individual stringer sizes and pressure distributions. Data flow from one program to another is performed in a hands-off manner in the modular and open-ended system. Numerical examples show how this automation permits multidisciplinary trade-off studies, typical of a preliminary design process to be based on such a level of detail in each discipline that normally would not be available at this stage of the process.
Fulton, R. E.↗
Two-phase choked flow of subcooled nitrogen through a slit
Two-phase choked flow rate and pressure distribution data are reported for subcooled nitrogen flowing through a slit. The slip was a narrow rectangular passage of equal length and width. The inlet stagnation pressure ranged from slightly above saturation to twice the thermodynamic critical pressure. Four stagnation isotherms were investigated covering a range which spanned the critical temperature. The results suggested a uniform two-phase flow pattern with vaporization occurring at or near the exit in most cases. The results compared favorably with the theory of Henry for nonequilibrium subcooled two-phase choked flow in long tubes.
Simoneau, R. J.↗
Two-phase choked flow of subcooled nitrogen through a slit
Two-phase choked flow rate and pressure distribution data are reported for subcooled nitrogen flowing through a slit. The slit was a narrow rectangular passage of equal length and width. The inlet stagnation pressure ranged from slightly above saturation to twice the thermodynamic critical pressure. Four stagnation isotherms were investigated, covering a range which spanned the critical temperature. The results suggested a uniform two-phase flow pattern with vaporization occurring at or near the exit in most cases. The results compared favorably with the theory of Henry (1970) for nonequilibrium subcooled two-phase choked flow in long tubes.
Simoneau, R. J.↗
Digital computer programs for generating oblique orthographic projections and contour plots
User and programer documentation is presented for two programs for automatic plotting of digital data. One of the programs generates oblique orthographic projections of three-dimensional numerical models and the other program generates contour plots of data distributed in an arbitrary planar region. A general description of the computational algorithms, user instructions, and complete listings of the programs is given. Several plots are included to illustrate various program options, and a single example is described to facilitate learning the use of the programs.
Giles, G. L.↗
The Synchronous Meteorological Satellite /SMS/ system
The Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS) system is described which is being utilized in a program to obtain day and night information on the earth's weather by means of earth imaging, retransmission of imaged data, meteorological data collection and relay, and space environment monitoring. The components and functions of the ground system are discussed together with the basic satellite payloads. The launch and orbit of SMS-A are reviewed, and the functions of the visible IR spin-scan radiometer are described in detail. Other systems and units discussed include the data collection system, solar environment monitor, weather-facsimile unit, and central data distribution system. It is noted that SMS-A was used to support the Global Atlantic Tropical Experiment and that the SMS system will be complemented by geostationary environmental satellites from ESRO, Japan, and the USSR.
Fordyce, D. V.↗
Lunar motion analysis and laser data management
Work completed in lunar motion analysis and laser data management during the period July 1, 1971 - September 30, 1975 was reported. In this context, analysis refers to theoretical or numerical studies involving real or potential applications of such observations to improvement of the physical model, and data management refers to the process by which observed photon events are turned into observations and are made available to potential users. The data analysis work included: (1) bringing to operational status of computer programs for the numerical integration of the lunar orbit motion and for the application of lunar laser time delays for the improvement of the parameters of the physical model, (2) program improvement and program integrity, (3) three-dimensional ephemeris, and (4) miscellaneous independent studies. The data management work included: (1) data identification, (2) observatory interfaces, and (3) data distribution.
Mulholland, J. D.↗
Pressure distributions for a rectangular supersonic inlet at subsonic speeds
Pressure distribution data are provided for a supersonic rectangular inlet at subsonic speeds. Variations in cowl and ramp geometry as well as sideplate sweep were investigated. Tests were made in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel and the Langley high speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel for Mach numbers of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8. Angles of attack investigated were 0 deg, 4 deg, and 8 deg for a range of mass flow ratios.
Fuller, D. E.↗
Closed cycle MHD power generation experiments using a helium-cesium working fluid in the NASA Lewis Facility
The MHD channel in the NASA Lewis Research Center was redesigned and used in closed cycle power generation experiments with a helium-cesium working fluid. The cross sectional dimensions of the channel were reduced to 5 by 16.5 cm to allow operation over a variety of conditions. Experiments have been run at temperatures of 1900-2100 K and Mach numbers from 0.3 to 0.55 in argon and 0.2 in helium. Improvements in Hall voltage isolation and seed vaporization techniques have resulted in significant improvements in performance. Typical values obtained with helium are Faraday open circuit voltage 141 V (92% of uBh) at a magnetic field strength of 1.7 T, power outputs of 2.2 kw for tests with 28 electrodes and 2.1 kw for tests with 17 electrodes. Power densities of 0.6 MW/cu m and Hall fields of about 1100 V/m were obtained in the tests with 17 electrodes, representing a factor of 18 improvement over previously reported results. The V-I curves and current distribution data indicate that while near ideal equilibrium performance is obtained under some conditions, no nonequilibrium power has been generated to date.
Sovie, R. J.↗
New directions in space electronics
Five new directions in space electronics are defined to yield improvements over present means: automated operations aimed at a tenfold reduction in mission support costs, precision pointing and control, efficient data acquisition to permit the tenfold increase in information collection needed for global coverage, real-time data management, and low-cost data distribution to allow a thousand-fold increase in information availability and space-systems effectiveness. Technological developments and resources for each of the new directions are derived from space-technology and space-theme workshops. One to two order of magnitude improvements in instrument pointing stability will be necessary for Shuttle and planetary payloads of the 1980s. Low-cost user terminals will involve technological addressing both near-term and long-term applications. NASA has reoriented its research and technology-base programs to support the goals represented by the new directions in space electronics. Numerous charts and schematic diagrams supplement the text.
Kurzhals, P. R.↗