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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Efficient Synthesis and HPLC-Based Characterization for Developing Vanadium-48-Labeled Vanadyl Acetylacetonate as a Novel Cancer Radiotracer for PET Imaging

Bis(acetylacetonato)oxidovanadium(IV) [(VO(acac) 2 ], generally known as vanadyl acetylacetonate, has been shown to be preferentially sequestered in malignant tissue. Vanadium-48 ( 48 V) generated with a compact medical cyclotron has been used to label VO(acac) 2 as a potential radiotracer in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for the detection of cancer, but requires lengthy synthesis. Current literature protocols for the characterization of VO(acac) 2 require macroscale quantities of reactants and solvents to identify products by color and to enable crystallization that are not readily adaptable to the needs of radiotracer synthesis. We present an improved method to produce vanadium-48-labeled VO(acac) 2 , [ 48 V]VO(acac) 2 , and characterize it using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radiation detection in combination with UV detection. The approach is suitable for radiotracer-level quantities of material. These methods are readily applicable for production of [ 48 V]VO(acac) 2 . Preliminary results of preclinical, small-animal PET studies are presented.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Projected long-term effects of colorectal cancer screening disruptions following the COVID-19 pandemic

The aftermath of the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic may contribute to the widening of disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes due to differential disruptions to CRC screening. This comparative microsimulation analysis uses two CISNET CRC models to simulate the impact of ongoing screening disruptions induced by the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term CRC outcomes. We evaluate three channels through which screening was disrupted: delays in screening, regimen switching, and screening discontinuation. The impact of these disruptions on long-term CRC outcomes was measured by the number of life-years lost due to CRC screening disruptions compared to a scenario without any disruptions. While short-term delays in screening of 3–18 months are predicted to result in minor life-years loss, discontinuing screening could result in much more significant reductions in the expected benefits of screening. These results demonstrate that unequal recovery of screening following the pandemic can widen disparities in CRC outcomes and emphasize the importance of ensuring equitable recovery to screening following the pandemic.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Centromere/kinetochore protein genes for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment selection

The invention described in the application relates to a panel of gene expression markers for patient with a tumor. The invention thus provides methods and compositions, e.g., kits, for evaluating gene expression levels of the markers and methods of using such gene expression levels to evaluate the likelihood of disease progression or response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Such information can be used in determining prognosis and treatment options for cancer patients.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Predictive biomarkers and mechanisms underlying resistance to PD1/PD-L1 blockade cancer immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in a variety of tumors, but resistance during treatment is a major issue. In this review, we describe the utility of PD-L1 expression levels, mutation burden, immune cell infiltration, and immune cell function for predicting the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Furthermore, we explore the mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance caused by PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, T cell dysfunction, and T cell exhaustion. Based on these mechanisms, we propose combination therapeutic strategies. We emphasize the importance of patient-specific treatment plans to reduce the economic burden and prolong the life of patients. The predictive indicators, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapies described in this review provide a basis for improved precision medicine.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Preliminary investigation of 48 V-labeled VO(acac) 2 for cancer imaging: An initial proof-of-concept study

In this preliminary study, a procedure for synthesizing novel PET radiotracer vanadium-48-labeled-vanadyl acetylacetonate was developed, including radioisotope production via cyclotron, separation of 48 V, chelation as 48 VO(acac) 2 , and assessment through in vitro cellular studies. We employed the beam-stop setup in a cyclotron as the target holder to irradiate titanium foils in the reaction of nat Ti (p,n) 48 V. The radioisotope production rate was 4.84 ± 0.67 μCi/μA-h. Overall radiochemical yield was 12.86 ± 0.51% with gamma-ray spectroscopy showing no detectable contaminant peaks. HPLC of 48 VO(acac) 2 showed a retention time (1:48) corresponding closely to that (1:50) of commercial VO(acac) 2 , verifying the successful synthesis of 8VO(acac) 2 . In vitro cellular studies demonstrated radiotracer uptake and saturation around 0.48 nM. These studies pave the way for improving methodologies and in vivo experiments, including imaging studies, in future investigations.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗