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At least 487 records · Page 27
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Corrosion Behavior of Fe-7Cr-1Mo-12Zr Metal Waste Form Alloy in Simulated Repository Environment

Metal waste forms (MWF) are solid metallic waste categorized as high-level radioactive waste generated during pyro-reprocessing of spent metallic fuels and geologically disposed off. This waste form generated requires an excellent corrosion resistance in a geological repository environment. In the present work, Fe-7Cr-1Mo-12Zr MWF alloy was developed by casting in an arc melting furnace. The x-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of stable phases of α-Fe solid solution and the intermetallic phases of Fe{sub 2}Zr and Fe{sub 23}Zr{sub 6}. The corrosion behavior of Fe-7Cr-1Mo-12Zr alloy was investigated using electrochemical techniques in aggressive (highly acidic with Cl{sup −}) and nominal repository pH environment. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization studies indicated the shift in corrosion potential toward cathodic potential in highly acidic solution with Cl{sup −}. The corrosion mechanism of pitting is associated with acidified pH medium with more Cl{sup −}, whereas uniform corrosion or transpassive dissolution is resultant of mild acidity or mild alkaline medium. The passive region is wider in pH 5 and 8 when compared to pH 1 and 3. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis revealed the lowering of passive film stability in the highly acidic medium in the presence of Cl{sup −}. The role of passive oxide layers on the corrosion resistance of the Fe-7Cr-1Mo-12Zr MWF alloy is discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Corrosion integrity of oil cement modified by environment responsive microspheres for CO2 geologic sequestration wells

In order to ensure the safe and effectiveness of CO{sub 2} geological storage, an environmental responsive polymer microspheres (ERPM) was prepared to improve the corrosion resistance of cement stone. The structure and environmental response characteristics of ERPM were characterized, and then the anti-corrosion performance and anti-corrosion mechanism for ERPM were discussed. The results shown that ERPM had good environmental response characteristics and temperature resistance. ERPM could effectively suppressed the corrosion rate and the damage degree of mechanical properties of cement stone. The corrosion integrity of cement stone was improved due to the acidic response characteristic and form polymer films of ERPM, which effectively shield the direct contact between corrosion medium and hydration products.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

First-principles search for alloying elements that increase corrosion resistance of Mg with second-phase particles of transition metal impurities

A significant challenge for applications of Mg alloys is their poor corrosion resistance and hence Mg alloys designs with built-in corrosion resistance are of significant interest. Corrosion can result from the coupling of anodic dissolution of Mg and cathodic reduction of water on impurities such as Iron (Fe)-rich second-phase particles. Experiments have shown that small quantities of Arsenic (As) or Germanium (Ge) can inhibit Mg corrosion, possibly slowing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as the cathodic reaction on Fe surfaces. Since a broader experimental search across the periodic table for other Mg corrosion inhibiting elements is unavailable, we designed thermodynamic and HER criteria, and used high-throughput computations to search a pool of 68 elements including As and Ge that can segregate from bulk Mg to surfaces of Fe particles and impede the HER there. Our computational procedure predicts that six p-block elements meet these criteria, and they rank according to their ability to reduce H adsorption energies and the HER rate as follows: As > Ge > Si > Ga > P ≈ Al. Results for As, the most effective corrosion-inhibiting element, and Ge are in qualitative accord with recent experiments. Further, while none of the 68 elements was found to enhance H adsorption, the six p-block elements reduce H adsorption via strong orbital overlap (Pauli repulsion) between their outer-shell orbitals and the s orbitals of H adsorbates. These p-block elements are also found to have the potential to reduce HER on surfaces of Ni second-phase particles in Mg according to the same criteria, but not on surfaces of Cu second-phase particles.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enhanced crevice corrosion of stainless steel 316 by degradation of Cr-containing hollandite crevice former

This study explores the corrosion interactions between stainless steel 316 (SS316), a candidate nuclear waste canister material, and Cr-containing hollandite (Ba 1.15 Cr 2.3 Ti 5.7 O 16 ), a model ceramic nuclear waste form. The two materials were corroded in close proximity in 0.6 M NaCl solution at 90 °C for 28 days. Severe crevice corrosion was observed on the stainless steel surface after the corrosion experiment, which is likely associated with the rapid accumulation of Cr 3+ cations originating from both SS316 and the Cr-containing hollandite. Furthermore, the enhanced corrosion of SS316 by the corrosion products of hollandite is quantitatively explained using a classical crevice corrosion model.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Application of the immobilized low-activity waste glass corrosion model to the static dissolution of 24 statistically-designed alkali-borosilicate waste glasses

Glass corrosion models that capture the complex mechanisms of the glass-water reaction enable the prediction of nuclear waste glass durability in disposal scenarios. Parameterization of such models is challenging because of the need to capture changes in corrosion behavior with time, reaction conditions, and glass composition. In this report we describe and employ the immobilized low activity waste (ILAW) glass corrosion model (IGCM) in geochemical simulations of static dissolution tests, at two temperatures (40 °C and 90 °C), for a matrix of 24 enhanced low activity waste (eLAW) glasses statistically designed to cover a processable composition space defined by 8 major glass components (Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, Na 2 O, SiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZrO 2 , and Others as defined in the text). The IGCM includes a first-order chemical affinity term and an ion-exchange term that represents the net exchange of Na+ ions in the pristine glass with protons in aqueous solution. Constant, time-dependent, and time- and pH-dependent functional forms of the ion-exchange term are evaluated to reproduce the change in corrosion behavior with time in saturated, static dissolution tests. The agreement with measured aqueous concentrations of the main glass components (B, Na, and Si) improved significantly upon addition of a time-dependent term, which therefore constitutes a simple representation of the glass-water reaction progress. Due to the limited changes in pH in the static dissolution tests, past a short initial period of rapid increase, addition of a pH dependent term did not appreciably improve the fits, indicating that comprehensive model parameterization requires more than one type of glass corrosion test to capture a wide range of solution chemistries. IGCM parameters were found to be dependent on glass composition, and the parameter sets generated in this work will enable the development of composition–parameter correlation models that offer the promise of predicting IGCM parameters, and thus glass corrosion behavior, solely based on glass composition.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Influence of the secondary phase on micro galvanic corrosion of low carbon bainitic steel in NaCl solution

Highlights: • Micro galvanic couple forms between steel matrix and secondary phase for LCB steel. • Micro galvanic couple causes non-uniform corrosion on micro area surface of steel. • The ω secondary phase acts as the micro anode in lath bainitic steel. • The M secondary phase acts as the micro cathode in granular bainitic steel. • Galvanic accelerated corrosion is obvious initially and weakened for long term. - Abstract: The corrosion behavior of lath bainitic and granular bainitic steels in 0.01 mol/L NaCl solution was studied by SEM and TEM observation, electrochemical monitoring and weight loss test. The results indicate that the micro galvanic couple forms between the steel matrix and the secondary phase, which causes non-uniform micro corrosion on surfaces of two steels. In lath bainitic steel, the secondary phase ω acts as the micro anode. While in granular bainitic steel, the secondary phase M acts as the micro cathode. Moreover, the corrosion acceleration caused by micro galvanic couple is obvious in the initial immersion stage, and then it becomes weak during the long term corrosion.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Correlation between corrosion resistance, anodic hydrogen evolution and microhardness in friction stir weldment of AA2198 alloy

Highlights: • There is a relationship between hardness, corrosion and H{sub 2} evolution in AA2198-T851 alloy friction stir weldment • Variation in the population density of T1 particles is the correlating factor for the relationship • The parent material is the region that is most susceptible to corrosion. • The weld zones of AA2198-T851 alloy friction stir weldment exhibit different forms of corrosion. - Abstract: Correlation between corrosion resistance, anodic hydrogen evolution and microhardness in the friction stir weldment of AA2198-T851 alloy has been investigated. Different microscopy techniques, scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) and potentiodynamic polarization tests were employed in the investigation. Unlike other 3rd generation Al-Cu-Li alloys where the regions that are most susceptible to corrosion are always within the weld region, the results reveal that the parent material is the most susceptible in this case. There is a direct correlation between corrosion resistance, anodic hydrogen evolution and microhardness in the weldment, and the T{sub 1} phase is associated with the direct correlation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Molten chloride salts for next generation CSP plants: Electrolytical salt purification for reducing corrosive impurity level

In this study, electrolysis with a Mg anode is presented to purify the molten chloride salt (MgCl 2 /KCl/NaCl 60/20/20 mol.%) for reducing its corrosivity. Using a Mg anode, the production of toxic gases like Cl 2 on an inert anode (e.g., tungsten) can be avoided. Moreover, compared to an inert anode, a lower over-potential is required to remove the corrosive impurity MgOH + in the molten salt due to the high reactivity of Mg. In order to evaluate the effect of the salt purification, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method developed in our previous work is used to in-situ measure the concentration of the corrosive MgOH + impurity in the molten salt. The CV measurements indicate that the corrosive impurity is efficiently removed by electrolysis. For decreasing the cathode inactivation due to produced MgO on the surface, a pulsed potential applied on the tungsten cathode during electrolysis shows to be promising. This electrochemical salt purification method has shown to be promising by efficiently controlling the corrosivity of the molten chloride salt. The potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) measurements on a commercial high-temperature alloy (Incoloy 800 H) immersed in the molten salt indicate that the corrosion rate of the alloy is significantly reduced due to the salt purification. It could also lead to a reduction of the cost of the conventional salt purification step, structural container materials, and piping in next generation concentrated solar power (Gen3 CSP) plants.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Assessment of dissimilar metal corrosion in molten chloride salt

Dissimilar metal corrosion between high nickel alloys and stainless steel was tested in purified molten chloride salt. Preliminary results have shown that corrosion rates are significantly affected for samples both when electrically connected and isolated. Suggesting that galvanic corrosion as well as non-galvanic dissimilar metal corrosion play a role in corrosion processes for multi component systems. Finally, these results suggest that even if efforts to prevent electrical contact are taken, close proximity of structural materials can still change corrosion rates in molten salt environments.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Genesis of Nanogalvanic Corrosion Revealed in Pearlitic Steel

Nanoscale, localized corrosion underpins billions of dollars in damage and material costs each year; however, the processes responsible have remained elusive due to the complexity of studying degradative material behavior at nanoscale liquid–solid interfaces. Recent improvements to liquid cell scanning/transmission electron microscopy and associated techniques enable this first look at the nanogalvanic corrosion processes underlying this widespread damage. Nanogalvanic corrosion is observed to initiate at the near-surface ferrite/cementite phase interfaces that typify carbon steel. In minutes, the corrosion front delves deeper into the material, claiming a thin layer of ferrite around all exposed phase boundaries before progressing laterally, converting the ferrite to corrosion product normal to each buried cementite grain. Over the following few minutes, the corrosion product that lines each cementite grain undergoes a volumetric expansion, creating a lateral wedging force that mechanically ejects the cementite grains from their grooves and leaves behind percolation channels into the steel substructure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

From Micro-environments to Macroscopic Effects: How the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Drives Cu Cathodic Corrosion

Cathodic corrosion of copper (Cu) has posed a significant challenge for over a century, impeding various technological progresses such as electrochemical conversion of CO 2 (eCO 2 RR) into fuels and other value-added carbon products. Here, in this study, employing a combined Density Functional Theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation approach, we delve into the atomistic level mechanism driving this phenomenon in Cu. Our hypothesis posits the pivotal role of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in facilitating cathodic corrosion in Cu. We rigorously develop a pH-dependent hydroxide (OH) adsorption mechanism and calculate the equilibrium OH coverage (𝜃 OH ) at varying pH levels, the thermodynamic stability of subsurface oxygen (O sub ), as well as the Cu-vacancy mediated diffusion of subsurface oxygens (O sub ). Through comprehensive analysis, we establish correlation among various microenvironments, including oxygen diffusion in subsurface layers, pH-dependent OH adsorption, and Cu dissolution into the electrolyte as (Cu-OH) complexes. Furthermore, our investigation explores the correlation between surface coordination environment of active sites and cathodic corrosion of Cu. Finally, by integrating DFT-derived thermodynamic data into a kMC model, we successfully predict the formation of experimentally observed corrosion pits on Cu-surfaces. This combined approach not only advances our fundamental understanding of Cu cathodic corrosion but also offers insights crucial for developing effective corrosion mitigation strategies.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effect of V Content on Corrosion Behavior of Al-V Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying and Subsequent Spark Plasma Sintering

Al-V alloys produced via high-energy ball milling have been reported to show simultaneous improvement of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties compared to traditional Al alloys. In these alloys, V content plays a crucial role in increasing or decreasing the corrosion resistance. Therefore, the effect of V and microstructure on corrosion of high-energy ball milled and subsequently spark plasma sintered Al-xV alloys (x = 2, 5, 10 at%) has been studied. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis revealed the increment of V content up to 5 at% enhanced the corrosion resistance of the alloy. However, highly heterogeneous microstructure in Al-10 at%V resulted in significant localized corrosion over the immersion time. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies over 14 days of immersion revealed underlying corrosion mechanisms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Corrosion Resistance of Amorphous Fe 49.7 Cr 17.7 Mn 1.9 Mo 7.4 W 1.6 B 15.2 C 3.8 Si 2.4 Coating: A New Criticality Control Material

Here, an iron-based amorphous metal with good corrosion resistance and a high absorption cross section for thermal neutrons has been developed and is reported here. This amorphous alloy has the approximate formula Fe 49.7 Cr 17.7 Mn 1.9 Mo 7.4 W 1.6 B 15.2 C 3.8 Si 2.4 and is known as SAM2X5. Chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten were added to provide corrosion resistance, while boron was added to promote glass formation and the absorption of thermal neutrons. Since this amorphous metal has a higher boron content than conventional borated stainless steels, it provides the nuclear engineer with design advantages for criticality control structures with enhanced safety. While melt-spun ribbons with limited practical applications were initially produced, large quantities (several tons) of gas-atomized powder have now been produced on an industrial scale, and applied as thermal-spray coatings on prototypical half-scale spent-nuclear-fuel containers and neutron-absorbing baskets. These prototypes and other SAM2X5 samples have undergone a variety of corrosion testing, including both salt-fog and long-term immersion testing. Modes and rates of corrosion have been determined in various relevant environments and are reported here. While these coatings have less corrosion resistance than melt-spun ribbons and optimized coatings produced in the laboratory, substantial corrosion resistance has been achieved.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Preliminary irradiation effect on corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys - 2016-0067

In order to improve the composition and structure of zirconium alloys, it is important to know how changes in their structure-phase state under irradiation affect various properties, including corrosion. In this work, autoclave corrosion tests were carried out on fuel cladding samples made of zirconium-niobium and zirconium-niobium-tin-iron alloy systems. All samples were preliminarily irradiated in a BOR-60 nuclear reactor at a fluence of 2 X10{sup 26} m{sup -2} (E>0.1 MeV). The autoclave tests of irradiated and unirradiated samples were performed at 350 deg. C for 240 days in distilled water containing 10 ppm lithium and 1,600 ppm boron. The irradiation of all alloys resulted in a significant change in their initial structure-phase state. The content of niobium in b-niobium-phase precipitates was reduced from 80 % to - 90 % to 50 % to - 60 %. Iron atoms from the Laves-phase particles were diffused into a matrix, and their lattice transformed from hexagonal close-packed to body-centered cubic. An average size of the transformed second-phase precipitates in the irradiated alloys increased relatively to an average size of the initial precipitates. Elongated radiation-induced precipitates (RIPs) with an average length up to 7 nm were formed in all alloys under irradiation. In comparison with the unirradiated state, irradiation reduced the corrosion of zirconium-niobium alloys, and this effect became more apparent with increased niobium content in the alloy. For zirconium-niobium-tin-iron alloys, irradiation led to more severe corrosion, mostly because of increasing tin content. Niobium content increased up to 2.37 %, and iron content decreased up to 0.18 % in the alloys, contributing to higher corrosion resistance. An interconnection between the niobium/(tin + iron) alloying parameter, quantity of nanometric precipitates formed therein under irradiation, and their corrosion performance has been suggested. (authors)

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2014

Characterization of Encapsulated Corrosion Inhibitors for Environmentally Friendly Smart Coatings

Research efforts are under way to replace current corrosion inhibitors with more environmentally friendly alternatives. However, problems with corrosion inhibition efficiency, coating compatibility and solubility have hindered the use of many of these materials as simple pigment additives.This paper will present technical details on how the Corrosion Technology Lab at NASAs Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has addressed these issues by encapsulating environmentally friendly inhibitors into organic and inorganic microparticles and microcapsules. The synthetic process for polymer particles was characterized and post-synthesis analysis was performed to determine the interactions between the inhibitors and the encapsulation material. The pH-controlled release of inhibitors from various particle formulations in aqueous base was monitored and compared to both electrochemical and salt immersion accelerated corrosion experiment. Furthermore, synergistic corrosion inhibition effects observed during the corrosion testing of several inhibitor combinations will be presented.

Environmentally Friendly↗
DOE OSTI2016

Validation of the Modelling of Corrosion Driven Expansion in Grouted Waste-forms - 16125

One of the current preferred solutions for the disposal of Intermediate Level radioactive waste in the UK is grout encapsulation inside steel boxes for long term storage. These boxes are then to be entombed in a Geological Disposal Facility once one is available. However, both prior to and during geological disposal, waste contents can react with the water present in the encapsulant grout and begin to corrode. This corrosion product occupies a larger volume (by several hundred percent) than the original material and the corrosion occurs over the course of decades and centuries, long after the encapsulant grout has set and hardened. The expanding waste then creates stresses in the encapsulant causing both it and the surrounding box to deform and, in extreme circumstances, and after long times, for the structural integrity of the box to fail. This behaviour needs to be quantified before the box can be approved for use as any excessive deformation could lead to a loss of containment or, since the boxes are stacked on top of each other, to a significant accident in the stores. Due to the long timescales involved, physical testing of the phenomenon in full scale is impossible. Instead, a combination of chemical modelling and finite element analysis is used to predict the extent of the corrosion in the waste and its effect of the integrity of the box. There are a number of difficulties in modelling the corrosion-driven expansion and subsequent deformation of the boxes. Although the corrosion occurs over a very long time scale, the event is highly non-linear and dynamic. All of the material models, including the steel and grout are non-linear. The deformation is in the order of 10s of centimetres, well beyond the static elastic range. Finally, the components must be allowed to move relative to each other which involve a lot of part to part contacts. This means that simple static modelling, which would solve quite quickly, cannot be used. Instead a dynamic analysis code, LS-DYNA, has been used to expand the product over time to simulate the corrosion-driven expansion. This software is generally used for modelling car crashes or scenarios where waste containers have been dropped. The analyses therefore include a significant inertial component. This paper will detail the NNL's approach to modelling this long-term, quasi-static phenomenon in the dynamic, impact oriented software code LS-DYNA. It will cover the problems inherent in this approach, the errors that it creates as well as the tests and solutions that NNL worked on in order to overcome them and be confident that the solution could be validated. This work will ultimately be used to determine the maximum inventory which can be stored in each box based on the waste content and the potential extent of expansion as well as any modification that could be made to the box design or the processing streams that may improve the storage solution. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2019

Waste Chemistry Envelope for the Determination of Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility - 19554

Liquid radioactive wastes at the Hanford and Savannah River sites are stored in large underground carbon steel tanks. The high-level wastes are processed in several of the tanks and then transferred by piping to other site facilities for further processing before they are stabilized in a vitrified or grout waste form. Based on waste removal and processing schedules, many of the tanks, will be required to be in service for times exceeding the initial intended life (i.e., greater than 60 years). Until the waste is removed from storage, transferred, and processed, the materials and structures of the tanks must maintain a confinement function by providing a barrier to the environment and by maintaining acceptable structural stability during design basis events, which include loadings from both normal service and abnormal (e.g., earthquake) conditions. Administrative programs are in place to mitigate potential corrosion mechanisms and thereby maintain the structural and leak integrity functions of these waste tanks throughout their intended service life. Waste chemistry and temperature control are the means by which corrosion degradation of the waste tanks is minimized. Chemistry controls are based on in-situ coupon tests, waste tank experience, and laboratory testing. These requirements comprise the technical standards for corrosion control. The standards are utilized then as guidelines for operational procedures. The present waste chemistry controls for the Hanford DSTs were established in the 1980's in response to tank failures caused by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) at the DOE Savannah River Site (SRS). Portions of the SRS chemistry limits, which were developed at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) were coupled with corrosion testing results from Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL) and adopted for corrosion control of the double-shell tank (DST) waste at the Hanford Site. Since that time, the temperatures of the waste in the DSTs have decreased to less than 50 deg. C in most cases as the radioactive material has decayed. As a consequence, new chemistry controls were formulated for SCC in 2010. This testing however, did not address that potential for pitting in the supernatant and at the liquid-air interface. Indeed, initial tests indicated that the inhibitor requirements for SCC would be insufficient for the prevention of pitting. In addition to lower waste temperatures, future retrieval and process changes may impact the DST waste chemistry. Initial projections suggest that the waste chemistry of the DSTs may shift to a broader range of pH and higher aggressive anion concentrations (e.g., chloride, sulfate, etc.) than the wastes that are presently stored. Additionally, processes within the vitrification facility may result in streams that are returned to the tank farm for evaporation. These streams may also contain high concentrations of aggressive species. SRNL investigated the propensity for pitting of the carbon steel waste tanks at current and projected DST waste chemistries. A statistically designed series of tests provided a pitting factor that relates the ratio of the inhibitor species to the aggressive species and the probability of observing pitting. An acceptable pitting factor was determined and was utilized for the development of a new chemistry envelope. The new chemistry envelope was compared to the envelope that was established for SCC and was determined to be bounding. Validation of the new chemistry envelope was performed via model simulations and comparison with historical experimental results and approaches to establishing chemistry envelopes. The new chemistry envelope will eventually be part of an overall assessment of the condition of the tanks and any changes made to the overall structural integrity program for the Hanford DSTs. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2017

Effects of CO 2 and H 2 S on Corrosion of Martensitic Steels in Brines at Low Temperature

Corrosion studies were conducted for martensitic carbon steels in 5 wt% NaCl brine solutions at 4°C and 10 MPa (1,450 psi). These studies simulated different subsurface environments relevant to Arctic drilling. Here, two high-strength martensitic carbon steels, S-135 and UD-165, were studied in three different environments: (1) a CO 2 -NaCl-H 2 O solution with a CO 2 :H 2 O molar ratio of 0.312 in the whole system, (2) an H 2 S-NaCl-H 2 O solution with an H 2 S:H 2 O molar ratio of 3.12 × 10 –4 , and (3) a CO 2 -H 2 S-NaCl-H 2 O solution with the same acid gas to water ratios as environments 1 and 2. Results from the CO 2 +H 2 S mixed environment indicated that sour corrosion mechanism was dominant when the CO 2 :H 2 S molar ratio was 1,000. This impact of a small amount of H 2 S on the corrosion mechanism could be attributed to the specific adsorption of H 2 S on the steel surface. Electrochemical and mass loss measurements showed a distinct drop in the corrosion rate (CR) by more than one order of magnitude when transitioning from sweet to sour corrosion. This inhibiting effect on CR was attributed to the formation of a protective sulfide thin film. Tafel analyses of the anodic reaction showed that the Bockris mechanism was unlikely in the conditions tested. As a result, when comparisons were made between modeled and experimental CRs, good agreement was found in the CO 2 -only and H 2 S-only environments, but not in the CO 2 +H 2 S environment.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗