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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2021

Daily Rainfall Estimate by Emissivity Temporal Variation from 10 Satellites

Rainfall retrieval algorithms for passive microwave radiometers often exploit the brightness temperature depression due to ice scattering at high-frequency channels (≥85 GHz) over land. This study presents an alternate method to estimate the daily rainfall amount using the emissivity temporal variation (i.e., Δe) under rain-free conditions at low-frequency channels (19, 24, and 37 GHz). Emissivity is derived from 10 passive microwave radiometers, including the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), three Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounders (SSMIS), the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), and four Advanced Microwave Sounding Units-A (AMSU-A). Four different satellite combination schemes are used to derive the Δe for daily rainfall estimates. They are all 10 satellites, 5 imagers, 6 satellites with very different equator crossing times, and GMI only. Results show that Δe from all 10 satellites has the best performance with a correlation of 0.60 and RMSE of 6.52 mm, compared with the Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Final run product. The 6-satellites scheme has comparable performance with the all-10-satellites scheme. The 5-imagers scheme performs noticeably worse with a correlation of 0.49 and RMSE of 7.28 mm, while the GMI-only scheme performs the worst with a correlation of 0.25 and RMSE of 11.36 mm. The inferior performance from the 5-imagers and GMI-only schemes can be explained by the much longer revisit time, which cannot accurately capture the emissivity temporal variation.

Yalei You↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Preparations for Tomographic Background-Oriented Schlieren at the 31-Inch Mach 10 Wind Tunnel

This paper details effort by researchers at NASA Langley Research Center to prepare for an upcoming high-speed tomographic background-oriented schlieren test entry in the 31-Inch Mach 10 wind tunnel. In order to troubleshoot potential problems that will arise when setting up the experiment in the actual test facility, a full-scale mock-up of the 31-Inch Mach 10 wind tunnel test section was constructed in the laboratory to provide equivalent characteristic optical access and mounting options. A 3D-printed model that replicates the scale of the forebody of a supersonic retropropulsion (SRP) model that will be used in the final test entry has been fabricated with a central nozzle that can be connected to a high-pressure gas supply to approximate the nozzle flow that will occur. Six high-speed imaging systems consisting of a high-speed camera with a fiber illuminator module have been assembled and mounted on the test section mock-up to provide six unique perspective views of the nozzle flow from the model. Tests with one of the imaging systems using a pulsed laser light source showed that sufficient signal intensity and illumination uniformity was achieved, as demonstrated by the 2D BOS data obtained with the system. Additional work to show that retroreflective material would survive inside of the test section of the 31-Inch Mach 10 tunnel was also performed. Finally, a remotely-controlled tomographic BOS calibration system is discussed.

Brett F Bathel↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Geophysical Retrievals and Cloud Analyses from Merged Airborne Radiometer Datasets Covering 10–684 GHz

Airborne microwave radiometers provide insight about numerous aspects of Earth’s atmosphere and yield critical validation datasets for spaceborne radiometers. Three radiometers that are important to NASA’s airborne remote-sensing arsenal include: the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR), covering 10–85 GHz; the Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR), covering 50–183 GHz; and the Compact Scanning Submillimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSSIR), covering 170–684 GHz. The NASA field campaigns of interest to this study include: the Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) in 2014, the Olympic Mountains Experiment and Radar Definition Experiment (OLYMPEX/RADEX) in 2015–2016, the Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) in 2020–2023, and the Airborne Lightning Observatory for FEGS and TGFs (ALOFT) in 2023. To provide a more comprehensive perspective on clouds and precipitation observed during these airborne field campaigns, AMPR data were merged spatiotemporally with CoSMIR data for IPHEx, OLYMPEX/RADEX, and IMPACTS (2020 and 2022), while considering differences in instrument characteristics and operations, providing brightness temperature (Tb) values from 10–183 GHz in a common background grid throughout each flight. AMPR and CoSSIR data were similarly merged for IMPACTS (2023) and ALOFT, providing a common background grid with Tb values covering 10–684 GHz throughout each flight. These merged Tb data were employed in geophysical retrievals using the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), an Eddington radiative transfer model, and a one-dimensional variational (1DVAR) inversion method. Retrievals of cloud liquid water path were of primary interest. This presentation will include an overview of the methods for the radiometer data mergers, the radiative transfer methods, the geophysical retrievals, and detailed results from examining trends in Tb and cloud liquid water path in clouds, precipitation, and cloud-to-precipitation transition zones.

Corey G Amiot↗
NASA NTRS2023

Kmt-2022-Blg-0440lb: A New q < 10 −4 Microlensing Planet With the Central-Resonant Caustic Degeneracy Broken

We present the observations and analysis of a high-magnification microlensing planetary event, KMT-2022-BLG-0440, for which the weak and short-lived planetary signal was covered by both the KMTNet survey and follow-up observations. The binary-lens models with a central caustic provide the best fits, with a planet/host mass ratio, q = 0.75–1.00 ×10 −4 at 1 σ. The binary-lens models with a resonant caustic and a brown-dwarf mass ratio are both excluded by ∆χ 2 > 70. The binary-source model can fit the anomaly well but is rejected by the ‘colour argument’ on the second source. From Bayesian analyses, it is estimated that the host star is likely a K or M dwarf located in the Galactic disc, the planet probably has a Neptune-mass, and the projected planet-host separation is 1.9 +0.6 −0.7 or 4.6 +1.4 −1.7 au, subject to the close/wide de generac y. This is the third q < 10 −4 planet from a high-magnification planetary signal ( A ≳ 65). Together with another such planet, KMT-2021-BLG-0171Lb, the ongoing follow-up program for the KMTNet high-magnification events has demonstrated its ability to detect high-magnification planetary signals for q < 10 −4 planets, which are challenging for the current microlensing surveys.

planets and satellites: detection↗
DOE OSTI2022

Carbonylative Co- and Terpolymerizations of 10-Undecen-1-ol: A Route to Polyketoesters with Tunable Compositions

A strategy to synthesize branched polyketoesters from the carbonylative polymerization of bifunctional α,ω-alkenols such as 10-undecen-1-ol is presented. This strategy hinges on the competitive application of two related catalytic manifolds, alternating alkene/CO copolymerization, and alkene hydroesterification, which share a common metal acyl intermediate. Small molecule model studies of cationic Pd-catalyzed alkene carbonylation in the presence of alcohols demonstrate that the relative rates of ketone formation (through alternating alkene/CO insertion) and ester formation (through metal acyl alcoholysis) can be tuned across a wide range through judicious bis(phosphine) ligand design. Carbonylative polymerization of 10-undecen-1-ol with a (dppp(3,5-CF 3 ) 4 )Pd(OTs) 2 catalyst (dppp(3,5-CF 3 ) 4 = 1,3-bis[bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-phosphino]propane) led to the formation of high molecular weight polyketoesters with intermediate dispersity (M n > 20,000 g/mol, D- = 2.6) and a ketone/ester microstructure ratio of approximately 1:2. In these polymerization reactions, deploying electron-deficient bis(phosphines) to suppress deleterious alkene isomerization was the key to accessing the high molecular weight polymer. Further, terpolymerization reactions of 1-hexene/10-undecen-1-ol/CO or 1-fluoro-10-undecene/10-undecen-1-ol/CO by (dppp(3,5-CF 3 ) 4 )Pd(OTs) 2 were also successful. Furthermore, this proof of concept polymerization unlocks access to tunable polymer microstructures without extensive postpolymerization treatment.

10-undecen-1-ol↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K2MgB12(H2O3)10 by Materials Project

K2MgB12(H2O3)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to two H1+ and eight O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.91 Å) and one longer (3.07 Å) K–H bond lengths. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.77–3.11 Å. Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MgO6 octahedra that share corners with four BO4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.10 Å) and four longer (2.15 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. There are six inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.37 Å) and two longer (1.38 Å) B–O bond length. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.36–1.39 Å. In the third B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one MgO6 octahedra and corners with two BO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 54°. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.44–1.52 Å. In the fourth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one MgO6 octahedra and corners with two BO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 51°. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.51 Å. In the fifth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.37 Å) and two longer (1.38 Å) B–O bond length. In the sixth B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.46–1.53 Å. There are ten inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.62 Å) H–O bond length. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.64 Å) H–O bond length. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are fifteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one K1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent K1+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one K1+ and two B3+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Mg2+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent K1+, one B3+, and one H1+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one K1+, one Mg2+, and two H1+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one B3+ and two H1+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three B3+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one K1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two B3+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one B3+ and two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn2Hg(CO)10 by Materials Project

Mn2Hg(CO)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one Mn2Hg(CO)10 cluster. Mn2+ is bonded to one Hg2+ and five C+1.40+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing MnHgC5 square pyramids. The Mn–Hg bond length is 2.65 Å. There is one shorter (1.82 Å) and four longer (1.86 Å) Mn–C bond length. Hg2+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Mn2+ atoms. There are five inequivalent C+1.40+ sites. In the first C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fifth C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na3(TiS2)10 by Materials Project

Na3(TiS2)10 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Na3(TiS2)10 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six S2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–S bond distances ranging from 2.86–2.94 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six S2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–S bond distances ranging from 2.84–2.97 Å. There are six inequivalent Ti+3.70+ sites. In the first Ti+3.70+ site, Ti+3.70+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form edge-sharing TiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–S bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.48 Å. In the second Ti+3.70+ site, Ti+3.70+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form edge-sharing TiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–S bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.47 Å. In the third Ti+3.70+ site, Ti+3.70+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form edge-sharing TiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–S bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.47 Å. In the fourth Ti+3.70+ site, Ti+3.70+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form edge-sharing TiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–S bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.48 Å. In the fifth Ti+3.70+ site, Ti+3.70+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form edge-sharing TiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–S bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.48 Å. In the sixth Ti+3.70+ site, Ti+3.70+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form edge-sharing TiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–S bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.48 Å. There are twelve inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded to two equivalent Na1+ and three Ti+3.70+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SNa2Ti3 square pyramids. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Ti+3.70+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Ti+3.70+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Na1+ and three Ti+3.70+ atoms. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Ti+3.70+ atoms. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Na1+ and three Ti+3.70+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SNa2Ti3 trigonal bipyramids. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Ti+3.70+ atoms. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two equivalent Na1+ and three Ti+3.70+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SNa2Ti3 trigonal bipyramids. In the ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Na1+ and three Ti+3.70+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SNa2Ti3 trigonal bipyramids. In the tenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Ti+3.70+ atoms. In the eleventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Na1+ and three Ti+3.70+ atoms. In the twelfth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Ti+3.70+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaH16C4(NO)10 by Materials Project

CaC4H16(NO)10 is Protactinium structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two CaC4H16(NO)10 clusters. Ca2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.32 Å) and two longer (2.37 Å) Ca–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N+1.40- and one O2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.35 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.27 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two N+1.40- and one O2- atom. Both C–N bond lengths are 1.35 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.28 Å. There are five inequivalent N+1.40- sites. In the first N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the second N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.01 Å. In the third N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the fourth N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one C4+ and two H1+ atoms. Both N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the fifth N+1.40- site, N+1.40- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.29 Å. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ca2+ and one N+1.40- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+1.40- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ca2+ and one C4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ca2+ and one C4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li9(NiO2)10 by Materials Project

Li9(NiO2)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six NiO6 octahedra, edges with five LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–12°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.24 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six NiO6 octahedra, edges with five LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–15°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.18 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six NiO6 octahedra, edges with five LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–15°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.18 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six NiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–8°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.17 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six NiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–7°. There are two shorter (2.10 Å) and four longer (2.13 Å) Li–O bond lengths. There are six inequivalent Ni+3.10+ sites. In the first Ni+3.10+ site, Ni+3.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with five LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–15°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.14 Å. In the second Ni+3.10+ site, Ni+3.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with five LiO6 octahedra, edges with five LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–12°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.14 Å. In the third Ni+3.10+ site, Ni+3.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with five LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–15°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.13 Å. In the fourth Ni+3.10+ site, Ni+3.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with six LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–7°. There are four shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (2.13 Å) Ni–O bond lengths. In the fifth Ni+3.10+ site, Ni+3.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with five LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 3–9°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.14 Å. In the sixth Ni+3.10+ site, Ni+3.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with four LiO6 octahedra, edges with six LiO6 octahedra, and edges with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 4°. All Ni–O bond lengths are 1.89 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi3Ni3 octahedra that share corners with five OLi3Ni3 octahedra, a cornercorner with one OLi2Ni3 square pyramid, edges with eight OLi3Ni3 octahedra, and edges with four OLi2Ni3 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi3Ni3 octahedra that share corners with five OLi3Ni3 octahedra, a cornercorner with one OLi2Ni3 square pyramid, edges with eight OLi3Ni3 octahedra, and edges with four OLi2Ni3 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi2Ni3 square pyramids that share corners with four OLi3Ni3 octahedra, corners with five OLi2Ni3 square pyramids, edges with seven OLi3Ni3 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one OLi2Ni3 square pyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–6°. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi2Ni3 square pyramids that share corners with four OLi3Ni3 octahedra, corners with five OLi2Ni3 square pyramids, and edges with eight OLi3Ni3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–10°. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi2Ni3 square pyramids that share corners with four OLi3Ni3 octahedra, corners with five OLi2Ni3 square pyramids, and edges with eight OLi3Ni3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–8°. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi3Ni3 octahedra that share corners with five OLi3Ni3 octahedra, a cornercorner with one OLi2Ni3 square pyramid, edges with eight OLi3Ni3 octahedra, and edges with four OLi2Ni3 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–3°. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi3Ni3 octahedra that share corners with three OLi3Ni3 octahedra, corners with three OLi2Ni3 square pyramids, edges with nine OLi3Ni3 octahedra, and edges with three OLi2Ni3 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi3Ni3 octahedra that share corners with three OLi3Ni3 octahedra, corners with three OLi2Ni3 square pyramids, edges with ten OLi3Ni3 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent OLi2Ni3 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi3Ni3 octahedra that share corners with four OLi3Ni3 octahedra, corners with two OLi2Ni3 square pyramids, edges with ten OLi3Ni3 octahedra, and edges with two OLi2Ni3 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+ and three Ni+3.10+ atoms to form OLi3Ni3 octahedra that share corners with five OLi3Ni3 octahedra, a cornercorner with one OLi2Ni3 square pyramid, edges with eight OLi3Ni3 octahedra, and edges with four OLi2Ni3 square pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–6°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on OsRh2(NCl)10 by Materials Project

OsRh2(NCl)10 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two OsRh2(NCl)10 ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. Os8+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Os–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.32 Å. Rh4+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five N+0.60- atoms. There are a spread of Rh–N bond distances ranging from 1.76–2.25 Å. There are three inequivalent N+0.60- sites. In the first N+0.60- site, N+0.60- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rh4+ and one Cl1- atom. The N–Cl bond length is 2.57 Å. In the second N+0.60- site, N+0.60- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Rh4+ and one Cl1- atom. The N–Cl bond length is 1.55 Å. In the third N+0.60- site, N+0.60- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rh4+ and one Cl1- atom. The N–Cl bond length is 1.64 Å. There are five inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent N+0.60- atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N+0.60- atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Os8+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Os8+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Os8+ and two equivalent N+0.60- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn2Hg(CO)10 by Materials Project

Mn2Hg(CO)10 is alpha Niobium phosphide-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two Mn2Hg(CO)10 clusters. Mn2+ is bonded to one Hg2+ and five C+1.40+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing MnHgC5 square pyramids. The Mn–Hg bond length is 2.71 Å. There is one shorter (1.82 Å) and four longer (1.85 Å) Mn–C bond length. Hg2+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Mn2+ atoms. There are five inequivalent C+1.40+ sites. In the first C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fifth C+1.40+ site, C+1.40+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Mn2+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+1.40+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na4Li5(WO3)10 by Materials Project

Na4Li5(WO3)10 is Orthorhombic Perovskite-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.88 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–3.12 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eleven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–3.02 Å. In the fourth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.58–2.76 Å. There are five inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.18–2.73 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.81 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.64 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.68 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.76 Å. There are ten inequivalent W+5.10+ sites. In the first W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–22°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.04 Å. In the second W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–15°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.08 Å. In the third W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–25°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.09 Å. In the fourth W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–20°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.05 Å. In the fifth W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–22°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.05 Å. In the sixth W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–16°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.07 Å. In the seventh W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 12–22°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.06 Å. In the eighth W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 8–24°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.06 Å. In the ninth W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–25°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.07 Å. In the tenth W+5.10+ site, W+5.10+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing WO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–21°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.06 Å. There are thirty inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Na1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, two Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, two Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Na1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Li1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Li1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Na1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted square pyramidal geometry to three Na1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Na1+ and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, two Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Na1+, one Li1+, and two W+5.10+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BOs3(CO)10 by Materials Project

Os3B(CO)10 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two Os3B(CO)10 clusters. there are three inequivalent Os+1.67- sites. In the first Os+1.67- site, Os+1.67- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one B3+ and three C+2.20+ atoms. The Os–B bond length is 2.19 Å. There is two shorter (1.88 Å) and one longer (1.94 Å) Os–C bond length. In the second Os+1.67- site, Os+1.67- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one B3+ and three C+2.20+ atoms. The Os–B bond length is 2.20 Å. There is two shorter (1.88 Å) and one longer (1.94 Å) Os–C bond length. In the third Os+1.67- site, Os+1.67- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one B3+ and three C+2.20+ atoms. The Os–B bond length is 2.18 Å. There is two shorter (1.88 Å) and one longer (1.94 Å) Os–C bond length. B3+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Os+1.67- and one C+2.20+ atom. The B–C bond length is 1.46 Å. There are ten inequivalent C+2.20+ sites. In the first C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one B3+ and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the second C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the third C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fourth C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the fifth C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. In the sixth C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. In the seventh C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. In the eighth C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the ninth C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.16 Å. In the tenth C+2.20+ site, C+2.20+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Os+1.67- and one O2- atom. The C–O bond length is 1.17 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C+2.20+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

SRNL Sludge Batch 10 Qualification SRAT and SME Off-Gas Results

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) completed a small-scale demonstration of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Chemical Process Cell (CPC) utilizing the nitric-glycolic acid (NGA) flowsheet to support Sludge Batch 10 (SB10) qualification. The demonstration utilized a Tank 51 slurry sample washed by SRNL (with added H-canyon material). The purpose of this document is to report the observed off-gas results from the demonstration. With the NGA flowsheet, DWPF has a CPC hydrogen generation limit of 2.4×10 -2 lb/h. The peak observed rate was nearly 90 times less than that limit during SRNL testing.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Chemical Characterization Results for Tank 40 Sludge Batch 10 Waste Acceptance Product Specifications (WAPS) Sample

A 3-L sample (HTF-40-23-24) obtained from Tank 40 following transfer of Tank 51 to achieve the final Sludge Batch 10 processing composition was received by Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL). SRNL was tasked with characterization of the sample in accordance with requirements for reporting the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications. A representative subsample, approximately 500 mL, was prepared by continuously agitating the 3-L sample via a mixing blade inserted into the bottle. This subsample was then used for the chemical and physical characterization reported here. This characterization includes the following: (1) Supernate and slurry density; (2) Weight percent solids; (3) Mercury Analysis (supernate and slurry); (4) Anions; (5) Total Organic/Inorganic Carbon; (6) Free Hydroxide; (7) Other Base; (8) Elementals; (9) Volatile Organic Analysis and Semi-volatile Organic Analysis; and (10) Fissile Radionuclides and Uranium Enrichment. The results of this physical and chemical characterization of the sample are documented in this report.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

10 Boron-film-based gas detectors at ESS

The development of detectors for the European Spallation Source is an important parallel element to the effort put into the design and construction of the neutron source and instruments. The 10Boron-film-based detector developments that started over a decade ago as basic detector concepts have now reached technical maturity after intense prototyping work and numerous testing campaigns. Several of the ESS beamlines that will soon enter the commissioning phase started welcoming the detector systems built with the 10 B-film converter technology. The real-size demonstrators evolved in the last 2–3 years into a diverse suite of gas proportional counters for use in diffraction, reflectometry and small-angle scattering studies in spite of the operational complexity posed by the requirements for large-area coverage, low material budget and robustness for operation in the high-flux and high-radiation environment of ESS. The detectors are now being shipped to ESS or undergoing the last performance and calibration tests before being handed over to the instrument teams for installation in the host beamlines. A common feature of these detector systems is the very large number of readout channels that they are instrumented with in order to fulfill the demanding requirements for sensitivity, spatial resolution and count-rate capability. Across all of the detector types that will operate at ESS, the integration, testing and commissioning of the read-out technologies and software tools for data reduction, calibration and analysis are the focus of the detector and integration teams. These will yield a wealth of knowledge about their operation as well as initial results on the in-situ performance, a very important asset to ensure rapid commissioning of the detectors when neutrons from the ESS source become available. In this paper we will give an overview of the 10 B-film-based detector technologies included in the ESS detector suite that are currently facing the transition from the production phase to installation and integration with the other beamline components, which comes with its own specific challenges of both organizational and technical nature.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The AEDC 10-Deg Cone Wind Tunnel/Flight Laminar-Turbulent Correlation Program

The AEDC 10-Deg Cone Program stands as a historical tunnel/flight correlation program in which a simple standard calibration body (a sharp, smooth, slender 10-deg included-angle cone) was used for correlation of wind tunnel flow quality and Reynolds number effects in 23 major wind tunnels. The investigation, initiated by the USAF at AEDC, was conducted in the 1970’s and included participation by NASA, the Navy, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Industry. The flight test was performed at NASA/DFRC (now AFRC) at Edwards AFB on a NASA F-15 A aircraft to Mach 2.0. Testing in the wind tunnels was from Mach 0.2 to 5.5. This program produced an extensive database.

AEDC 10-Deg Cone↗