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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Multi–length scale characterization of point defects in thermally oxidized, proton irradiated iron oxides

A key for the success of safe nuclear power generation system is to consider structural materials that are economical, meet mechanical property needs, possess good corrosion resistance, and are radiation tolerant. Nevertheless, fundamental insights that elucidate the details of radiation damage on materials corrosion performance are lacking. This includes the behavior of surface oxides which often regulate corrosion. For example, it is unclear how non-equilibrium point defects, oxide structure, mass transport in oxides, and subsequent oxidation behavior are altered by the radiation. Here, in this work, some of the effects of proton irradiation on the attributes of point defects, iron oxide microstructures, and the physical nature of the oxidation product were correlated with corrosion behavior. Iron oxides, fabricated by thermal oxidation in air at 400°C and 800°C for 1 h, were subjected to 200 keV, 0.03 dpa (displacements per atom) of proton irradiation, and subjected to corrosion reactivity assessment using AC and DC electrochemical methods. Experimental methods that target materials information at different length scales, such as positron annihilation spectroscopy (atomistic), transmission electron microscopy (mesoscopic), and electrochemical methods (macroscopic), were coupled to shed light on the impact of radiation-induced defect modifications and structural changes in oxides on corrosion reactivity which ultimately affects durability in harsh environments.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Universal Approach to Fabricating Graphene-Supported Single-Atom Catalysts from Doped ZnO Solid Solutions

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted widespread interest for many catalytic applications because of their distinguishing properties. However, general and scalable synthesis of efficient SACs remains significantly challenging, which limits their applications. Here we report an efficient and universal approach to fabricating a series of high-content metal atoms anchored into hollow nitrogen-doped graphene frameworks (M-N-Grs; M represents Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, etc.) at gram-scale. The highly compatible doped ZnO templates, acting as the dispersants of targeted metal heteroatoms, can react with the incoming gaseous organic ligands to form doped metal-organic framework thin shells, whose composition determines the heteroatom species and contents in M-N-Grs. We achieved over 1.2 atom % (5.85 wt %) metal loading content, superior oxygen reduction activity over commercial Pt/C catalyst, and a very high diffusion-limiting current (6.82 mA cm -2 ). Both experimental analyses and theoretical calculations reveal the oxygen reduction activity sequence of M-N-Grs. Additionally, the superior performance in Fe-N-Gr is mainly attributed to its unique electron structure, rich exposed active sites, and robust hollow framework: This synthesis strategy will stimulate the rapid development of SACs for diverse energy-related fields.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Composition Measurements of the LAW Phase 5 Glasses

This report provides the results from the chemical analyses of glass compositions for the Low-Activity Waste Phase 5 study glasses, a series of simulated nuclear waste glasses fabricated at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. These data will be used in the development of enhanced property/composition models for waste glass vitrification at Hanford. Chemical analyses were performed on a representative sample of each of the quenched glasses to allow for comparisons with targeted compositions. The relative differences between the targeted and measured concentrations of CaO, Cl - , K 2 O, Li 2 O, and SO 3 for some of the glasses were greater than 10%. Several of these glass samples were rerun to verify original measurements; however, there were no significant changes in the measurements to indicate errors in preparation or analysis of the samples. These results can be used in further characterization of this series of glasses, including the normalization of Product Consistency Test results.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

HIGH VOLTAGE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF WIEN FILTERS FOR THE CEBAF 200 keV INJECTOR UPGRADE

High-energy nuclear physics experiments at the Jefferson Lab Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) require highly spin-polarization electron beams, produced from strained super-lattice GaAs photocathodes, activated to negative electron affinity in a photogun operating at 130 kV dc. A pair of Wien filter spin rotators in the injector defines the orientation of the electron beam polarization at the end station target. An upgrade of the CEBAF injector to better support the upcoming MOLLER experiment requires increasing the electron beam energy to 200 keV, to reduce unwanted helicity correlated intensity and position systematics and provide precise control of the polarization orientation. Our contribution describes design, fabrication and testing of the high voltage system to upgrade the Wien spin rotator to be compatible with the 200 keV beam. This required Solidworks modeling, CST and Opera electro- and magnetostatic simulations, upgrading HV vacuum feedthroughs, and assembly techniques for improving electrode alignment. The electric and magnetic fields required by the Wien condition and the successful HV characterization under vacuum conditions are also presented.

Palacios-Serrano, G.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proceedings for the Workshop on Applied Nuclear Data Activities 2024

The Workshop for Applied Nuclear Data Activities (WANDA) is designed to increase communication among nuclear data (ND) users in multidisciplinary federal programs, ND producers, ND funders, and other ND experts. It also presents an opportunity to cross-pollinate ideas as well as introduce ND gaps identified by federal programs to ND experts and ND capabilities to the various federal ND users. WANDA 2024 included five technical sessions, three of which focused on Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)—FES Fusion Neutronics, FES Tritium Production, and FES Material Damage—and two stand-alone sessions—Isotopes and Targetry for Nuclear Data and Uncertainty Quantification. The FES sessions successfully brought new voices to the WANDA discussions, expanding the application space in which nuclear data are critical. FES programs need accurate nuclear data with realistic uncertainty quantification to properly estimate, for example, shielding, activation, tritium production, helium production, structural material integrity, and superconducting magnet operation. This includes a variety of projectile (neutrons, photons, charged particles) and target atoms. One of the action items common to all the FES sessions was a need to perform sensitivity studies to identify the prioritization of nuclear data needs. The Isotopes and Targetry session highlighted the many capabilities available to produce high-quality targets for nuclear data measurements, including 3D printing with spherical powders, combustion synthesis coupled with spin coating & electrospraying, inkjet printing, and isotopic doping. These new methods open doors for more accurate measurement, but it was also stressed that sample characterization following any method of fabrication is of the highest importance to accurately interpret nuclear data measurement results that used that sample. The Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) session was broken into two categories: nuclear data uncertainty quantification and the use of that uncertainty quantification. Thematic to the UQ session was the loss of information when going from nuclear data measurement, to evaluation, to evaluated file, and finally to neutron transport calculations. Current evaluated ND libraries typically only contain covariances, which assume that the probability distributions are Gaussian. Beyond being a simplified assumption for many evaluations, this can lead to negative values on many observables when attempting to sample the covariance. The covariance format, however, is very efficient in that a simple set of linear equations can transform uncertainty from parameters or cross sections to the application of interest. Focused collaboration is needed between nuclear data evaluators and nuclear data users to ensure that needs are being met.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

The KIPM Detector Consortium

Kinetic Inductance Phonon-Mediated (KIPM) Detectors, microcalorimeters that leverage kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) to read out phonon signals from the device substrate, are an attractive architecture for low-threshold rare-event searches due to their large response to small changes in quasiparticle density and native multiplexability, enabling scalability. We have established a consortium comprising university and national lab groups dedicated to advancing the state-of-the-art in these detectors, with the ultimate goal of designing a detector with a kg-scale target mass and sub-eV threshold on energy deposited in the substrate, enabling searches for both light dark matter and low-energy neutrino interactions. This consortium brings together experts in KID design, phonon and quasiparticle dynamics, and noise modeling, along with specialized fabrication facilities, test platforms, and unique calibration capabilities. Recently, our consortium has demonstrated a sensor resolution (i.e., resolution in the quasiparticle channel) of 2.1 eV, the current record for such devices. The current focus of the consortium is modeling and improving the phonon collection efficiency and implementing low-Tc superconductors, both of which serve to improve the overall energy resolution and threshold of the detectors. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the consortium and its capabilities, highlight some recent results from its member groups, and discuss near term plans toward reaching the ultimate goal.

Temples, Dylan J. [Fermilab]↗
NASA NTRS2001

MEMS-Based Satellite Micropropulsion Via Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques offer great potential in satisfying the mission requirements for the next generation of "micro-scale" satellites being designed by NASA and Department of Defense agencies. More commonly referred to as "nanosats", these miniature satellites feature masses in the range of 10-100 kg and therefore have unique propulsion requirements. The propulsion systems must be capable of providing extremely low levels of thrust and impulse while also satisfying stringent demands on size, mass, power consumption and cost. We begin with an overview of micropropulsion requirements and some current MEMS-based strategies being developed to meet these needs. The remainder of the article focuses the progress being made at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center towards the development of a prototype monopropellant MEMS thruster which uses the catalyzed chemical decomposition of high concentration hydrogen peroxide as a propulsion mechanism. The products of decomposition are delivered to a micro-scale converging/diverging supersonic nozzle which produces the thrust vector; the targeted thrust level approximately 500 N with a specific impulse of 140-180 seconds. Macro-scale hydrogen peroxide thrusters have been used for satellite propulsion for decades; however, the implementation of traditional thruster designs on a MEMS scale has uncovered new challenges in fabrication, materials compatibility, and combustion and hydrodynamic modeling. A summary of the achievements of the project to date is given, as is a discussion of remaining challenges and future prospects.

Hitt, Darren L.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Isotropic etchback method of linewidth tailoring multilayer dielectric diffraction gratings for improvement of laser damage resistance and diffraction efficiency

A method of fabricating a multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction grating by providing a multilayer stack having a grating layer, and anisotropically etching the grating layer to form grating lines having an initial lineheight, an initial linewidth, and an initial grating duty cycle, that are greater than a target lineheight, a target linewidth, and a target grating duty cycle, respectively. An isotropic wet etch solution is then used to etch back the grating lines to the target lineheight, the target linewidth, and the target grating duty cycle so as to minimize electric field intensities and maximize diffraction efficiency for a given set of MLD illumination conditions.

Britten, Jerald A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Rippled shock propagation in a laser-driven target at multimegabar pressures

The evolution of non-uniform shocks produced by modulated laser irradiation or surface perturbations is relevant to studies of inertial confinement fusion and material properties at high-energy-density conditions. We present results from an experiment conducted at the OMEGA EP laser facility, where a 300 GPa shock was driven into a fused silica sample with pre-fabricated single-mode surface modulations. Using time-resolved optical velocimetry, we captured the continuous evolution of rippled shock motion, enabling a comprehensive mapping of the spatial amplitude history from formation to phase reversal in a single experiment. Initially, the ablation-driven shock inherits a fraction of the surface modulation amplitude from the sample, which subsequently grows before decaying, ultimately leading to the flattening of the rippled shock and a phase reversal. We find that two-dimensional inviscid hydrodynamic simulation of the experiment is able to qualitatively capture many aspects of the rippled shock evolution but over-predicts the initial amplitude growth. This experimental platform, capable of accommodating varying ripple wavelengths, lays the groundwork for a potential viscometry method at extreme pressures, where viscous effects manifest as differences in shock flattening times between rippled shocks of two distinct wavelengths propagating through the sample.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Void-Engineered Metamaterial Delay Line with Built-In Impedance Matching for Ultrasonic Applications

Metamaterials exhibit unique ultrasonic properties that are not always achievable with traditional materials. However, the structures and geometries needed to achieve such properties are often complex and difficult to obtain using common fabrication techniques. In the present research work, we report a novel metamaterial acoustic delay line with built-in impedance matching that is fabricated using a common 3D printer. Delay lines are commonly used in ultrasonic inspection when signals need to be separated in time for improved sensitivity. However, if the impedance of the delay line is not perfectly matched with those of both the sensor and the target medium, a strong standing wave develops in the delay line, leading to a lower energy transmission. The presented metamaterial delay line was designed to match the acoustic impedance at both the sensor and target medium interfaces. This was achieved by introducing graded engineered voids with different densities at both ends of the delay line. The measured impedances of the designed metamaterial samples show a good match with the theoretical predictions. The experimental test results with concrete samples show that the acoustic energy transmission is increased by 120% and the standing wave in the delay line is reduced by over a factor of 2 compared to a commercial delay line.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1986

Scene simulation for passive IR systems

The development of large mosaic detector arrays will allow for the construction of staring long wave infrared (LWIR) sensors which can observe large fields of view instantaneously and continuously. In order to evaluate and exercise these new systems, it will be necessary to provide simulated scenes of many moving targets against an infrared clutter background. Researchers are currently developing a projector/screen system. This system is comprised of a mechanical scanner, a diffuse screen, and a miniature blackbody. A prototype of the mechanical scanner, which is comprised of four independently driven scanners, has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated under room and cryogenic vacuum conditions. A large diffuse screen has been constructed and tested for structural integrity under cryogenic/vacuum thermal cycling. Construction techniques have been developed for the fabrication of miniature high-temperature blackbody sources. Finally, a concept has been developed to use this miniature blackbody to produce a spectrally tailorable source.

Holt, J. D.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Markets and Economic Requirements for Fission Batteries and Other Nuclear Systems

Fission Batteries (FBs) are nuclear reactors defined by five characteristics which enable large-scale deployment: cost competitive, standardized sizes for economic mass production, easy installation and removal, secure and safe unattended operation with high reliability. FBs are not defined by technology or power level. Technical and market considerations suggest that most FBs will produce 20 to 30 MWt. This proceedings reports on the outcomes of two workshops that were held in January 2021 to better define markets and economic challenges for FBs. Three major markets were identified. The largest market is the industrial and commercial heat market. There are about 4000 industrial users (excluding utilities) that require more than one megawatt of heat. The number of customers versus size of heat demand was determined. In a low-carbon world there is the potential for many additional customers—including expanded biofuels production and district heat. The second market is for non-grid electricity. This includes co-generation plants that produce heat and electricity for a single customer. The third market is the maritime market with ~100,000 ships worldwide. In the United States, natural gas is the low-cost energy option today and will remain so unless constraints or taxes impact its use. If restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions, the FB competition includes natural gas with carbon capture, biofuels, hydrogen and grid electricity. Natural gas with carbon capture is not economically viable on a small scale. Biofuels may be expensive but may be the economically preferred option for locations with small energy demands of a few megawatts. Hydrogen is a potential competitor with many of the characteristics of natural gas. Grid electricity is not a competitive source of heat. For FBs to be economically competitive, the price of delivered heat must be $20-50/MWh ($6-15/million BTU). The economically competitive range for non-grid electricity is estimated at $70-100/MWh. These electricity prices are competitive with the retail prices of electricity in many parts of the United States for the customer. FBs are not expected to be competitive selling wholesale electricity to the grid. To achieve the aforementioned cost targets for heat and electricity markets, FB designers must (1) maximize the power output within the constraints of a FB (e.g., truck transportability, passive decay heat removal), (2) drastically reduce the size of onsite staff, (3) adopt core designs with low fuel costs (enrichment and fabrication), and (4) develop a system design that is efficiently manufactured in factories. The business case depends upon more than being just a replacement for natural gas. The largest incentives for adoption of FBs is where they create new markets and new sources of revenue. An example is the paper and pulp industry that burns biomass wastes to provide heat and electricity to make paper. An external heat source could meet the demand for heat and electricity by the paper process and enable converting waste biomass into liquid biofuels rather than burning to provide heat. Other markets, such as data centers, are driven by special energy requirements such as extreme reliability. Most customers are not in the energy business but need heat and electricity to produce a product—a manufactured good, education, retail sales (shopping malls), marine transport or some other product. As a consequence, there will be large incentives to lease rather than own FBs. Leasing avoids the regulatory challenges that remain with the owner of the FB. Leasing creates large incentives for FP standardization of sizes and transportability to maintain the value of the FB at the end of the lease—similar to the leasing of jet engines and aircraft. The economic constraints combined with technical constraints suggest competitive FBs will likely have outputs exceeding 10 MWt. There appear to be little incentives for very long-lived reactor cores because such machines require much larger inventories of fuel. Maintenance requirements and the options to provide technology updates may favor shorter lifetimes (~5 years). The assessment is that there is the potential for FBs to be economically viable and play a major role in global decarbonization in three markets: heat, non-grid electricity and maritime applications.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

SMART SiC Power ICs: Scalable, Manufacturable, and Robust Technology for SiC Power Integrated Circuits (Final Technical Report)

This collaborative project was initiated with the goal of developing Scalable, Manufacturable, and Robust Technology for SiC Power Integrated Circuits (SMART SiC Power ICs). In pursuit of this objective, innovative designs and fabrication processes were implemented, enabling the development of large-scale (>1 cm²) SiC Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits and high-voltage (400–600 V) lateral power MOSFETs (HV-LDMOS) on 150 mm 4H-SiC substrates. The resulting SMART SiC Power ICs are tailored to support a wide range of applications requiring diverse voltage and power levels, including automotive systems, industrial equipment, electronic data processing, energy harvesting, and power conditioning. To achieve the proposed ‘SMART’ technology for SiC ICs, the team focused on 1) the Development of highly scalable CMOS (with high channel mobilities for n-type and p-type MOSFETs), LDMOS (~600V, 10A rated), and IC technologies, 2) Establishment of a manufacturable process baseline in a production-grade-, 150mm, SiC fabrication facility, and 3) Demonstration of SMART SiC ICs. The project initially comprised of fabricating 5 lots. In lot 1 monolithic integration using a single process was achieved. Here, we were able to successfully accomplish Integrated HV NMOSFET with LV CMOS on N-epi/N+ Substrate. The HV NMOS demonstrated a Breakdown Voltage (BV) more than 600V. Circuit demonstration of CMOS was also another achievement from this lot. In lot 2, priority was in place for isolation and integration. Here we addressed the isolation concerns and integrated the HV NMOS and LV CMOS using the N-epi/P-epi/N+ substrate. Similar to the lot 1, we were able to achieve a BV of 600 V for HV NMOS. Optimized gate oxide process with high channel mobilities, better gate oxide reliability, development of SPICE models, successful ohmic process development, novel wafer area saving design layouts, P+ isolation schemes with channeling implantations and high temperature operational circuits demonstrations are some of the key highlights from lot 1 and lot2. In lot 3, discrete device performances of HV NMOS with a BV ~700V and reliable LV CMOS performances were achieved. Also, novel architectural solutions were successfully implemented to suppress the electric field crowding at the gate oxide for reliable operations. In lot 4, half bridge power driver ICs with a conversion efficiency of (target 90% to 95%) in the 1-5MHz switching frequency range for output power between 25 W to 3 kW have been included in. However, due to the unfortunate events of sudden foundry shutdown (SiCamore Semi) the processing of lot 4 wafers came to a complete stop (January 2024). Arrangements have recently been made to shift the fabrication to another foundry, General Electric Aerospace. The fabrication process now on course (as of December 2024). Characterizations are delayed due to this unfortunate circumstance. The proposed trench architectural-based devices and ICs (lot 5) underwent modifications from the original project proposal. This change was necessitated by limitations in the availability of trench-based processes at commercial production-grade fabrication facilities in the US. Apart from above achievements, a Process Development Kit (PDK) was successfully developed for planar type SiC CMOS/LDMOS.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

The Dark Energy Spectrographic Instrument (DESI) Guide-Focus Assembly

The specific research of the DESI project is to study in detail the expansion history of the Universe over the past 10 billion years. In order to do this, the project designed, fabricated, tested and commissioned the DESI instrument which has been deployed at the Mayall Telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona. The DESI project was conducted by approximately 30 US and foreign national laboratories. Our CRADA with the The Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) in Barcelona (Spain) involved both research planning for eventual observing on the DESI telescope; and in providing hardware jointly designed by LBNL and IFAE; ten guide and focus sensor systems (GFAs) that either provide feedback to the Mayall telescope tracking system or provide focus position information to the DESI corrector hexapod. The key major goals of this CRADA were achieved.For survey planning, Drs. Fernandez, Fosalba, Garcia-Bellido, and Gaztañaga were all important contributors to the working groups to which they were assigned. Their application of redshift techniques, development of simulations to support target selection, exploration of the use of alternative observables to extract cosmological information like AP and void statistics, and the use of PAU data to assist in the optimization of targeting selections have been vital in the early planning for targets during commissioning. The major role in the project involved Drs. Castander, Miquel, Padilla, and Sànchez. They were all directly involved with the development of the Guide-Focus Assembly (GFA) hardware, software and filter validation. In order to accomplish the goals of the DESI Project, the Mayall telescope must track DESI targeted galaxies for up to 15 minutes and the DESI corrector must be repositioned on its hexapod system for different telescope orientations. The guide and focus assemblies (GFA) provide in this information. There are ten GFA modules on the focal plane, six providing tracking information and four providing focus information. A common GFA design supports both functions by a simple switching of its operating mode. IFAE designed, fabricated, tested and delivered twelve GFAs. Once received at LBNL, the GFAs were integrated with the focal plane. This was an iterative process as the GFA’s were delivered as they were made. Our working relationship with the IFAE scientists and engineers was remarkable given the distance and time zone issues. The GFAs have performed extremely well during the commissioning phase of the instrument.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Hot‐Swappable, Fault‐Tolerant, Modular Power Converter System for Solar Photovoltaic Plants

The performance metrics of the state-of-the-art commercial solar inverters, such as system cost, operation and maintenance (O&M) cost, service life, reliability, maintainability, and power density are much lower than the target metrics needed to achieve SunShot’s 2030 levelized cost of energy (LCOE) goals. To overcome the shortcomings of the existing solar inverters, this project proposed a novel Hot-Swappable, Fault-Tolerant, Modular Power Converter (HSFT-MPC) concept for solar photovoltaic (PV) plants and proved the concept through the design, fabrication, and laboratory test validation of a single-phase HSFT-MPC prototype. The HSFT-MPC has the following distinct advantages over the state-of-the-art: 1) elimination of harmonic/ electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter in the inverter stage due to the novel topology, 2) lower system cost and higher power density due to the modular design, elimination of harmonic/EMI filter, and lower cooling requirement, 3) higher efficiency due to lower switching frequencies, 4) higher reliability and longer (50 years) service life due to simpler cooling and fault tolerance capability, 5) easier installation, lower O&M cost, and improved maintainability due to the modular design and hot-swappable power electronic building blocks (PEBBs), and 6) improved manufacturability due to the modular design. This project developed a single-phase HSFT-MPC prototype with 25kW nominal output power, 2.4kV, 60Hz nominal AC output, lower than 5% AC output voltage total harmonic distortion, over 5 kW/L inverter power density, and 99.4% inverter peak efficiency, being tolerant to failure of single and multiple PEBBs, and capable of hot swapping of the failed PEBB(s). The HSFT-MPC enables uninterruptable operation of the solar PV plant when failure of single or multiple PEBBs or PV modules occurs. Compared with the existing solar inverters in the market, the HSFT-MPC is expected to reduce the inverter failure-caused downtime and energy losses of solar PV plants by more than 60% and 50%, respectively. Project findings have been presented at major conferences in the field and published in peer-reviewed papers, which added new knowledge to the field of power electronics for solar PV systems. A minicourse on Solar PV Systems was developed for outreach activities. The minicourse will help attract young individuals to the renewable energy profession which has a significant talent shortage. The HSFT-MPC is expected to overcome all of the shortcomings of the state-of-the-art solar inverters in terms of cost, efficiency, service life, reliability, maintainability, and manufacturability targets needed to achieve SunShot’s 2030 LCOE goals. Therefore, the proposed HSFT-MPC concept has the great potential to disrupt the current solar inverter market. This project created a pathway towards industry adoption of the HSFT-MPC to help achieve 50-year service life solar PV systems. Since the solar PV plants using the HSFT-MPC will feature with higher reliability, longer service life, and easier maintenance, they are particularly useful for the rural areas with underserved populations that demand reliable and affordable clean electricity. The outcomes of the project have the strong potential to address national needs in the field of renewable energy to reduce CO 2 emissions from the electricity sector, reduce imports of energy from foreign sources, and improve energy security, efficiency, and sustainability. Since electricity is used in almost all of society’s sectors, the outcomes of the project will benefit various sectors of society and economy.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Composition Measurements of the LAW ALG Glasses

This report provides the results from the chemical analyses of glass compositions for the Low-Activity Waste Algorithm study glasses, a series of simulated nuclear waste glasses designed and fabricated at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. These data will be used in the development, validation, and implementation of enhanced property/composition models for waste glass vitrification at Hanford. Chemical analyses were performed on a representative sample of each of the quenched glasses to allow for comparisons with targeted compositions. The relative differences between the targeted and measured concentrations of SO 3 for most of the glasses were greater than 10%. The relative differences between the targeted and measured concentration of F- was greater than 10% for one glass. The relative differences between the targeted and measured concentration of SnO 2 was greater than 10% for one glass. These results can be used in further characterization of this series of glasses, including the normalization of Product Consistency Test results.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Composition Measurements of the Environmental Management Headquarters (EMHQ) Low-Activity Waste (LAW) Glasses

This report provides the results from the chemical analyses of glass compositions for the Environmental Management Headquarters Low-Activity Waste study glasses, a series of simulated nuclear waste glasses fabricated at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. These data will be used in the development, validation, and implementation of enhanced property/composition models for waste glass vitrification at Hanford. Chemical analyses were performed on a representative sample of each of the quenched glasses to allow for comparisons with targeted compositions. The relative differences between the targeted and measured concentrations of Na 2 O, Li 2 O, and SO 3 for several of the glasses and B 2 O 3 in one of the glasses were greater than 10%. These results can be used in further characterization of this series of glasses, including the normalization of Product Consistency Test results.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Composition Measurements of the LAW HPVR Glasses

This report provides the results from the chemical analyses of the glass compositions of the Low-Activity Waste High PCT and VHT Response study glasses, a series of simulated nuclear waste glasses designed and fabricated at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. These data will be used in the development, validation, and implementation of enhanced property/composition models for waste glass vitrification at Hanford. Chemical analyses were performed on a representative sample of each of the quenched glasses to allow for comparisons with targeted compositions. The relative differences between the targeted and measured concentrations of Cl - , K 2 O, Na 2 O, and ZrO 2 for several of the glasses were greater than 10%. These results can be used in further characterization of this series of glasses, including the normalization of Product Consistency Test results.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗