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At least 469 records · Page 26

Topological Green’s Function Zeros in an Exactly Solved Model and Beyond

The interplay of topological electronic band structures and strong interparticle interactions provides a promising path towards the constructive design of robust, long-range entangled many-body systems. As a prototype for such systems, we here study an exactly integrable, local model for a fractionalized topological insulator. Using a controlled perturbation theory about this limit, we demonstrate the existence of topological bands of zeros in the exact fermionic Green’s function and show that in this model they do affect the topological invariant of the system, but not the quantized transport response. Close to (but prior to) the Higgs transition signaling the breakdown of fractionalization, the topological bands of zeros acquire a finite “lifetime.” We also discuss the appearance of edge states and edge zeros at real space domain walls separating different phases of the system. This model provides a fertile ground for controlled studies of the phenomenology of Green’s function zeros and the underlying exactly solvable lattice gauge theory illustrates the synergetic cross pollination between solid-state theory, high-energy physics, and quantum information science.

Bollmann, Steffen↗

Geometric Frustration on the Trillium Lattice in a Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework

In the dense metal-organic framework Na [ Mn ( HCOO ) 3 ] , Mn 2 + ions ( S = 5 2 ) occupy the nodes of a “trillium” net. In this work, we show that the system is strongly magnetically frustrated: the Néel transition is suppressed well below the characteristic magnetic interaction strength; short-range magnetic order persists far above the Néel temperature; and the magnetic susceptibility exhibits a pseudo-plateau at 1 3 -saturation magnetization. A simple model of nearest-neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnetic and dipolar interactions accounts quantitatively for all observations, including an unusual 2- k magnetic ground state. We show that the relative strength of dipolar interactions is crucial to selecting this particular ground state. Geometric frustration within the classical spin liquid regime gives rise to a large magnetocaloric response at low applied fields that is degraded in powder samples as a consequence of the anisotropy of dipolar interactions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Continuum model of strong light-matter coupling for molecular polaritons

Strong coupling between light and matter generates hybrid polariton modes. We present a continuum formalism that expresses the polariton modes in terms of light and matter densities of states (DOS). We derive exact expressions for the light and matter DOS for a planar cavity containing a strongly dispersive dielectric.We show that these DOS depend exclusively on the linear response of the cavity components, i.e., the reflectance of the mirrors and the susceptibility of the dielectric. Here, we further show that, within the strong coupling regime, the light and matter DOS are well approximated by coupled mode theory. Altogether, our continuum formalism offers a unified treatment of polaritons that connects the framework of light-matter coupling with that of linear dispersion.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Ab initio study on fcc Pr with correlation matrix renormalization theory

Here, we studied fcc praseodymium (Pr) with the ab initio correlation matrix renormalization theory (CMRT) explicitly calculating the Coulomb interactions among basis orbitals and without using any adjustable parameters to work for strongly correlated electron systems. We calculated its total energy in a paramagnetic ground state and studied the role of the correlated 4f electrons in the system. Good agreement was obtained between CMRT and experiments in the pressure volume dependence of the fcc phase. We also compared the CMRT results against other theoretical methods including local density approximation + dynamical mean-field theory and showed consistent results among them. Moreover, we found the normalized local charge fluctuation of the 4f electrons as the function of volume exhibits a clear slope change at the volume collapse region, indicating a switch in their correlation nature there.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Anomalous ultrafast all-optical Hall effect in gapped graphene

We propose an ultrafast all-optical anomalous Hall effect in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors of hexagonal symmetry such as gapped graphene (GG), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). To induce such an effect, the material is subjected to a sequence of two strong-field single-optical-cycle pulses: A chiral pump pulse followed within a few femtoseconds by a probe pulse linearly polarized in the armchair direction of the 2D lattice. Due to the effect of topological resonance, the first (pump) pulse induces a large chirality (valley polarization) in the system, while the second pulse generates a femtosecond pulse of the anomalous Hall current. The proposed effect is fundamentally the fastest all-optical anomalous Hall effect possible in nature. It can be applied to ultrafast all-optical storage and processing of information, both classical and quantum.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Thermalization from quantum entanglement: Jet simulations in the massive Schwinger model

We investigate the emergence of thermalization in a quantum-field-theoretic model mimicking the production of jets in QCD: the massive lattice Schwinger model coupled to external sources. Specifically, we compute the expectation values of local operators as functions of time and compare them to their thermal counterparts, quantify the overlap between the evolving density matrix and the thermal one, and compare the dynamics of the energy-momentum tensor to predictions from relativistic hydrodynamics. Through these studies, we find that the system approaches thermalization at late times and elucidate the mechanisms by which quantum entanglement drives thermalization in closed field-theoretic systems. Our results show how thermodynamic behavior emerges in real time from unitary quantum dynamics.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Mechanism of superconductivity in the Hubbard model at intermediate interaction strength

We study the fluctuations responsible for pairing in the d -wave superconducting state of the two-dimensional Hubbard model at intermediate coupling within a cluster dynamical mean-field theory with a numerically exact quantum impurity solver. By analyzing how momentum- and frequency-dependent fluctuations generate the d -wave superconducting state in different representations, we identify antiferromagnetic fluctuations as the pairing glue of superconductivity in both the underdoped and the overdoped regime. Nevertheless, in the intermediate coupling regime, the predominant magnetic fluctuations may differ significantly from those described by conventional spin fluctuation theory.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Molecular-field-theory fits to magnetic susceptibilities of antiferromagnetic GdCu 2 Si 2 , CuO, LiCrO 2 , and α-CaCr 2 O 4 single crystals below their Néel temperatures

A recently-developed molecular field theory (MFT) has been used to fit single-crystal magnetic susceptibility χ versus temperature T data below the respective antiferromagnetic ordering temperature T N for a variety of collinear and coplanar noncollinear Heisenberg antiferromagnets. The spins in the system are assumed to interact by Heisenberg exchange and to be identical and crystallographically equivalent. The fitting parameters for χ(T ) of collinear antiferromagnets are measurable quantities: the Weiss temperature θ p in the Curie-Weiss law, TN, χ(T N ), and the spin S. For coplanar noncollinear helix and cycloid structures, an additional fitting parameter is the turn angle between layers of ferromagnetically-aligned spins. Here MFT fits to anisotropic χ(T) data from the literature for single crystals of the collinear antiferromagnets GdCu 2 Si 2 and CuO and the noncollinear antiferromagnets LiCrO 2 with a 120° cycloidal structure and α-CaCr 2 O 4 with a 120° helical structure below their respective N´eel temperatures are presented. The MFT fit to the anisotropic χ(T ≤ T N ) data for CuO is poor, whereas the fits to the data for GdCu 2 Si 2 , LiCrO 2 , and α-CaCr 2 O 4 are quite good. The poor fit for CuO is attributed to the influence of strong quantum fluctuations associated with the small Cu spin and the quasi-one-dimensional magnetism that are not taken into account by the MFT. The magnetic contribution to the zero-field heat capacity of the collinear antiferromagnet GdNiGe 3 at T ≤ T N is also fitted by the MFT.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Spin transport of a doped Mott insulator in moiré heterostructures

Moiré superlattices of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers are model systems for investigating strongly correlated electronic phenomena. Specifically, WSe 2 /WS 2 moiré superlattices have emerged as a quantum simulator for the two-dimensional extended Hubbard model. Experimental studies of charge transport have revealed correlated Mott insulator and generalized Wigner crystal states, but spin transport of the moiré heterostructure has not yet been sufficiently explored. Here, we use spatially and temporally resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy to directly image the spin transport as a function of carrier doping and temperature in WSe 2 /WS 2 moiré heterostructures. We observe diffusive spin transport at all hole concentrations at 11 Kelvin — including the Mott insulator at one hole per moiré unit cell — where charge transport is strongly suppressed. At elevated temperatures the spin diffusion constant remains unchanged in the Mott insulator state, but it increases significantly at finite doping away from the Mott state. The doping- and temperature-dependent spin transport can be qualitatively understood using a t–J model, where spins can move via the hopping of spin-carrying charges and via the exchange interaction.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Unravelling competing microscopic interactions at a phase boundary: A single-crystal study of the metastable antiferromagnetic pyrochlore Yb 2 Ge 2 O 7

We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements from our newly synthesized single crystals of the structurally metastable antiferromagnetic pyrochlore Yb 2 Ge 2 O 7 . We determine the four symmetry-allowed nearest-neighbor anisotropic exchange parameters via fits to linear spin wave theory supplemented by fits of the high-temperature specific heat using the numerical linked-cluster expansion method. The exchange parameters so-determined are strongly correlated to the values determined for the g-tensor components, as previously noted for the related Yb pyrochlore Yb 2 Ti 2 O 7 . To address this issue, we directly determined the g-tensor from electron paramagnetic resonance of 1% Yb-doped Lu 2 Ge 2 O 7 , thus enabling an unambiguous determination of the exchange parameters. Our results show that Yb 2 Ge 2 O 7 resides extremely close to the classical phase boundary between an antiferromagnetic Γ 5 phase and a splayed ferromagnet phase. By juxtaposing our results with recent ones on Yb 2 Ti 2 O 7 , our work illustrates that the Yb pyrochlore oxides represent ideal systems for studying quantum magnets in close proximity to classical phase boundaries.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Helimagnetic Structure and Heavy-Fermion-Like Behavior in the Vicinity of the Quantum Critical Point in Mn 3 P

Antiferromagnet Mn 3 P with Neel temperature T N =30 K is composed of Mn tetrahedrons and zigzag chains formed by three inequivalent Mn sites. Due to the nearly frustrated lattice with many short Mn-Mn bonds, competition of the exchange interactions is expected. We here investigate the magnetic structure and physical properties including pressure effect in single crystals of this material, and reveal a complex yet well-ordered helimagnetic structure. The itinerant character of this materials is strong, and the ordered state with small magnetic moments is easily suppressed under pressure, exhibiting a quantum critical point at ~1.6 GPa. The remarkable mass renormalization, even in the ordered state, and an incoherent-coherent crossover in the low-temperature region, characterize an unusual electronic state in Mn 3 P, which is most likely effected by the underlying frustration effect.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Quantum Spin Torque Driven Transmutation of an Antiferromagnetic Mott Insulator

The basic model of spin-transfer torque (STT) in antiferromagnetic spintronics considers the exchange of angular momentum between quantum spins of flowing electrons and noncollinear-to-them localized spins treated as classical vectors. These vectors are assumed to realize Néel order in equilibrium, ↑ ↓ ∙∙∙ ↑ ↓, and their STT-driven dynamics is described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. However, many experimentally employed materials (such as archetypal NiO) are strongly electron-correlated antiferromagnetic Mott insulators (AFMIs) whose localized spins form a ground state quite different from the unentangled Néel state | ↑ ↓ ∙∙∙ ↑ ↓$\rangle$. The true ground state is entangled by quantum spin fluctuations, leading to the expectation value of all localized spins being zero, so that LLG dynamics of classical vectors of fixed length rotating due to STT cannot even be initiated. Instead, a fully quantum treatment of both conduction electrons and localized spins is necessary to capture the exchange of spin angular momentum between them, denoted as quantum STT. We use a recently developed time-dependent density matrix renormalization group approach to quantum STT to predict how injection of a spin-polarized current pulse into a normal metal layer coupled to an AFMI overlayer via exchange interaction and possibly small interlayer hopping—mimicking, e.g., topological-insulator/NiO bilayer employed experimentally—will induce a nonzero expectation value of AFMI localized spins. This new nonequilibrium phase is a spatially inhomogeneous ferromagnet with a zigzag profile of localized spins. The total spin absorbed by AFMI increases with electron-electron repulsion in AFMIs, as well as when the two layers do not exchange any charge.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Quantum fluctuations drive nonmonotonic correlations in a qubit lattice

Abstract Fluctuations may induce the degradation of order by overcoming ordering interactions, consequently leading to an increase of entropy. This is particularly evident in magnetic systems characterized by nontrivial, constrained disorder, where thermal or quantum fluctuations can yield counterintuitive forms of ordering. Using the proven efficiency of quantum annealers as programmable spin system simulators, we present a study based on entropy postulates and experiments on a platform of programmable superconducting qubits to show that a low level of uncertainty can promote ordering in a system impacted by both thermal and quantum fluctuations. A set of experiments is proposed on a lattice of interacting qubits arranged in a triangular geometry with precisely controlled disorder, effective temperature, and quantum fluctuations. Our results demonstrate the creation of ordered ferrimagnetic and layered anisotropic disordered phases, displaying characteristics akin to the elegant order-by-disorder phenomenon. Extensive experimental evidence is provided for the role of quantum fluctuations in lowering the total energy of the system by increasing entropy and defect clustering. Our thorough and comprehensive application of an intentionally introduced noise on a quantum platform provides insight into the dynamics of defects and fluctuations in quantum devices, which may help to reduce the cost associated with quantum processing.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Modeling Unconventional Superconductivity at the Crossover between Strong and Weak Electronic Interactions

High-temperature superconductivity emerges in many different quantum materials, often in regions of the phase diagram where the electronic kinetic energy is comparable to the electron-electron repulsion. Describing such intermediate-coupling regimes has proven challenging as standard perturbative approaches are inapplicable. In this study, we employ quantum Monte Carlo methods to solve a multiband Hubbard model that does not suffer from the sign problem and in which only repulsive interband interactions are present. In contrast to previous sign-problem-free studies, we treat magnetic, superconducting, and charge degrees of freedom on an equal footing. We find an antiferromagnetic dome accompanied by a metal-to-insulator crossover line in the intermediate-coupling regime, with a smaller superconducting dome appearing in the metallic region. Across the antiferromagnetic dome, the magnetic fluctuations change from overdamped in the metallic region to propagating in the insulating region. Our findings shed new light on the intertwining between superconductivity, magnetism, and charge correlations in quantum materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Strong-Field Bloch Electron Interferometry for Band-Structure Retrieval

When Bloch electrons in a solid are exposed to a strong optical field, they are coherently driven in their respective bands where they acquire a quantum phase as the imprint of the band shape. If an electron approaches an avoided crossing formed by two bands, it may be split by undergoing a Landau-Zener transition. We here employ subsequent Landau-Zener transitions to realize strong-field Bloch electron interferometry (SFBEI), allowing us to reveal band structure information. In particular, we measure the Fermi velocity (band slope) of graphene in the vicinity of the K points as 1.07±0.04 nm fs –1 . As a result, we expect SFBEI for band structure retrieval to apply to a wide range of material systems and experimental conditions, making it suitable for studying transient changes in band structure with femtosecond temporal resolution at ambient conditions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

On the nature of two-photon transitions for a collection of molecules in a Fabry–Perot cavity

Here, we investigate the effect of a cavity on nonlinear two-photon transitions of a molecular system and we analyze how such an effect depends on the cavity quality factor, the field enhancement, and the possibility of dephasing. We find that the molecular response to strong light fields in a cavity with a variable quality factor can be understood as arising from a balance between (i) the ability of the cavity to enhance the field of an external probe and promote multiphoton transitions more easily and (ii) the fact that the strict selection rules on multiphoton transitions in a cavity support only one resonant frequency within the excitation range. Although our simulations use a classical level description of the radiation field (i.e., we solve Maxwell–Bloch or Maxwell–Liouville equations within the Ehrenfest approximation for the field–molecule interaction), based on experience with this level of approximation in the past studies of plasmonic and polaritonic systems, we believe that our results are valid over a wide range of external probing.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Band-selective gap opening by a C 4 -symmetric order in a proximity-coupled heterostructure Sr 2 VO 3 FeAs

Significance Heterostructures of correlated electronic systems offer versatile platforms for various types of quantum phases and their transitions. A common wisdom states that the proximity coupling between constituent layers plays a secondary role, because it is much weaker than the intralayer interactions. In this work, we present a counterexample of the belief. Namely, the proximity coupling between localized spins and itinerant electrons stabilizes an exotic electronic state with band-selective gap opening whose observation is done in a correlated heterostructure Sr 2 VO 3 FeAs. Our finding highlights that the proximity coupling can be an effective knob for exotic phases in correlated heterostructures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Performance of Diffusion Monte Carlo Calculations for Predicting the Relative Energies of Quinoidal and Nonquinoidal Species

Coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] and single determinant fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (SD-DMC) have emerged as two of the most useful methods for providing benchmark reaction and interaction energies of chemical systems without strong static correlation. The errors in DMC energies are dominated by an inexact description of the nodal surfaces for electron exchange. One of the main approaches to addressing the fixed-node error is to use multideterminant (MD) trial wave functions. We consider here the energy differences between pairs of related molecules with aromatic and quinoidal structures as well as between quinoidal isomers. Quinoidal systems tend to have some diradical character, leading one to anticipate that SD-DMC calculations may face challenges in accurately describing their energetics. The MD trial wave functions were generated from the complete active space calculations. A comparison is made with the predictions of well-converged CCSD(T) calculations.

basis sets↗