Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “personal”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

A finite-state, finite-memory minimum principle, part 2

In part 1 of this paper, a minimum principle was found for the finite-state, finite-memory (FSFM) stochastic control problem. In part 2, conditions for the sufficiency of the minimum principle are stated in terms of the informational properties of the problem. This is accomplished by introducing the notion of a signaling strategy. Then a min-H algorithm based on the FSFM minimum principle is presented. This algorithm converges, after a finite number of steps, to a person - by - person extremal solution.

Sandell, N. R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Eighth Conference on Space Simulation

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has served as a co-sponsor of the Eighth Space Simulation Conference and has published the proceedings as a NASA Special Publication so that the information presented would be available as a permanent record and as a reference source for persons interested in the technologies. This conference provided an international forum for the discussion of the state of the art in space simulation, contamination, biosciences, and flammability. It is through this forum that many persons with differing interests and responsibilities in the aerospace research, development, and testing programs have been brought together for the interchange of knowledge in areas which affect them all. The NASA is again pleased to present, with the Institute of Environmental Sciences, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the American Society for Testing and Materials, this important material and to make it accessible to the greater scientific community as a NASA publication.

John H Boeckel↗
NASA NTRS1974

A multichannel EEG telemetry system utilizing a PCM subcarrier

A multichannel personal-type telemetry system is described that utilizes PCM encoding for the most effective range with minimum RF bandwidth and noise interference. Recent IC developments (COS MOS) make it possible to implement a sophisticated encoding system (PCM) within the low power and size constraints necessary for a personal biotelemetry system. This system includes low-level high-impedance preamplifiers to make the system suitable for EEG recording.

Fryer, T. B.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The initial lunar supply base

The first lunar supply base should have a mass less than 1000 tons, be deployed by 24 persons in 4 months, and be maintained by 10 persons. Output could be expanded 20 times in 5 years to 600,000 tons/yr by a factor of 10 expansion of the area of the solar array on the lunar surface, using low power soil beneficiation, increasing the fleet of mining vehicles, and illuminating the base continuously at night with lunar orbiting mirrors. The space manufacturing facility (SMF) will supply most of the mass (solar cells and orbiting mirrors) necessary for expansion. Several devices and procedures are suggested for development which could further reduce the total mass necessary to transport to the Moon to establish the initial lunar supply base.

Criswell, D.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Food and waste management biotechnology for the space shuttle

Space-crew facilities for preparation, eating, personal hygiene and waste management are contained in one small area of the Shuttle Orbiter Mid-Deck, all the functional systems being interconnected. The paper discusses three major systems: (1) the Galley, which includes the personal hygiene station and food packages; (2) the Waste Collector, which includes provisions for male and female users, urine, feces and emesis collection in both a normal and contigency mode of operation; and (3) Biowaste Monitoring, which includes mass measurement and sampling. The technology improvement continues by assuring that the Orbiter systems have sufficient design flexibility to permit later improvements in operation and in function.

Murray, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Considerations associated with the introduction of female crewmembers in spacecraft and space stations

This paper examines considerations of inclusion of female crewmembers in spacecraft and space stations. The anthropometric and physiological differences between males and females as related to spaceflight such as body dimensions, muscle strength characteristics, body posture, reach, and physiological differences are discussed. Crew provisions including inflight garments, hair style, cosmetics, personal hygiene, waste management, and personal privacy are described. Impacts on hardware design and crew performance, examples of effects on Orbiter systems, data on females and their performance under conditions analogous to spaceflight, and earth-based simulation experience are examined. It is concluded that no major problems have been found which would preclude females from space, and in the future the novelty of mixed crews will significantly decrease.

Brown, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Social psychology on the flight deck

Social psychological and personality factors that can influence resource management on the flight deck are discussed. It is argued that personality and situational factors intersect to determine crew responses and that assessment of performance under full crew and mission conditions can provide the most valuable information about relevant factors. The possibility of training procedures to improve performance on these dimensions is discussed.

Helmreich, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Flight selection at United Airlines

Airline pilot selection proceedures are discussed including psychogical and personality tests, psychomotor performance requirements, and flight skills evaluation. Necessary attitude and personality traits are described and an outline of computer selection, testing, and training techniques is given.

Traub, W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

SPS market analysis

A market analysis task included personal interviews by GE personnel and supplemental mail surveys to acquire statistical data and to identify and measure attitudes, reactions and intentions of prospective small solar thermal power systems (SPS) users. Over 500 firms were contacted, including three ownership classes of electric utilities, industrial firms in the top SIC codes for energy consumption, and design engineering firms. A market demand model was developed which utilizes the data base developed by personal interviews and surveys, and projected energy price and consumption data to perform sensitivity analyses and estimate potential markets for SPS.

Goff, H. C.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Development of a preprototype Sabatier CO2 reduction subsystem

A lightweight, quick starting reactor utilizes a highly active and physically durable methanation catalyst composed of ruthenium on alumina. The use of this improved catalyst permits a single straight through plug flow design with an average lean component H2/CO2 conversion efficiency of over 99% over a range of H2/CO2 molar ratios of 1.8 to 5 while operating with flows equivalent to a crew size of one person steadystate to 3 persons cyclical. The reactor requires no heater operation after start-up even during simulated 55 minute lightside/39 minute darkside orbital operation over the above range of molar ratios and crew loadings. Subsystem performance was proven by parametric testing and endurance testing over a wide range of crew sizes and metabolic loadings. The subsystem's operation and performance is controlled by a microprocessor and displayed on a nineteen inch multi-colored cathode ray tube.

Kleiner, G. N.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Survey of aircraft icing simulation test facilities in North America

A survey was made of the aircraft icing simulation facilities in North America: there are 12 wind tunnels, 28 engine test facilities, 6 aircraft tankers and 14 low velocity facilities, that perform aircraft icing tests full or part time. The location and size of the facility, its speed and temperature range, icing cloud parameters, and the technical person to contact are surveyed. Results are presented in tabular form. The capabilities of each facility were estimated by its technical contact person. The adequacy of these facilities for various types of icing tests is discussed.

Olsen, W.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Parachute Line Hook Includes Integral Loop Expander

Parachute packing simplified with modified line hook. One person packs parachutes for test recovery vehicles faster than previously two-person team. New line hook includes expander that opens up two locking loops so parachute lines are pulled through them. Parachutes are packed at high pressure to be compressed into limited space available in test vehicles.

Bayless, G. B.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Detection of amblyopia utilizing generated retinal reflexes

Investigation confirmed that GRR images can be consistently obtained and that these images contain information required to detect the optical inequality of one eye compared to the fellow eye. Digital analyses, electro-optical analyses, and trained observers were used to evaluate the GRR images. Two and three dimensional plots were made from the digital analyses results. These plotted data greatly enhanced the GRR image content, and it was possible for nontrained observers to correctly identify normal vs abnormal ocular status by viewing the plots. Based upon the criteria of detecting equality or inequality of ocular status of a person's eyes, the trained observer correctly identified the ocular status of 90% of the 232 persons who participated in this program.

Kerr, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Development of a static feed water electrolysis system

A one person level oxygen generation subsystem was developed and production of the one person oxygen metabolic requirements, 0.82 kg, per day was demonstrated without the need for condenser/separators or electrolyte pumps. During 650 hours of shakedown, design verification, and endurance testing, cell voltages averaged 1.62 V at 206 mA/sq cm and at average operating temperature as low as 326 K, virtually corresponding to the state of the art performance previously established for single cells. This high efficiency and low waste heat generation prevented maintenance of the 339 K design temperature without supplemental heating. Improved water electrolysis cell frames were designed, new injection molds were fabricated, and a series of frames was molded. A modified three fluid pressure controller was developed and a static feed water electrolysis that requires no electrolyte in the static feed compartment was developed and successfully evaluated.

Schubert, F. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Advanced space system concepts and their orbital support needs (1980 - 2000)

Possible uses of satellite technology up to the year 2000 are suggested and discussed. Included are electronic mail transmission, a personal communications capability, quick location of vehicles or shipments, monitoring of disputed territorial borders, upgraded scientific exploration of the universe, providing better maps of the Earth by remote sensing, space solar power stations and the safe transmission of the electrical energy to Earth, night lighting, and a small personal navigation capability. Support requirements are outlined.

Butts, J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Regenerable CO2 collection for spacecraft application

The design of the CS-3, a three-person capacity preprototype CO2 collection subsystem, is described. It is noted that the function of the CS-3 is to remove metabolically produced CO2 from the Spacelab cabin to maintain atmospheric pCO2 at 400 Pa or less. Results are presented of an extensive parametric/endurance test program characterizing the subsystem's performance. The results demonstrate the suitability of the electrochemical depolarized CO2 concentration concept for possible use in the Space Operations Center. The CS-3 is found to meet or exceed all Regenerative Life Support Evaluation requirements. Specifically, the 0.13 cu m, 46 kg subsystem is able to remove CO2 at an equivalent rate of 3.4 persons from an air stream having a pCO2 of 400 Pa.

Lance, N., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Psychological considerations in future space missions

Issues affecting human psychological adjustments to long space missions are discussed. Noting that the Shuttle flight crewmembers will not have extensive flight qualification requirements, the effects of a more heterogeneous crew mixture than in early space flights is considered to create possibilities of social conflicts. Routine space flight will decrease the novelty of a formerly unique experience, and the necessity of providing personal space or other mechanisms for coping with crowded, permanently occupied space habitats is stressed. Women are noted to display more permeable personal space requirements. The desirability of planning leisure activities is reviewed, and psychological test results for female and male characteristics are cited to show that individuals with high scores in both traditionally male and female attributes are most capable of effective goal-oriented behavior and interpersonal relationships. Finally, it is shown that competitiveness is negatively correlated with the success of collaborative work and the social climate of an environment.

Helmreich, R. L.↗