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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg8Br3O4 by Materials Project

HgHgBrHg4O3BrHg2OBr crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four mercury molecules; four Hg2OBr clusters; two HgBr ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction; and two Hg4O3Br sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each Hg2OBr cluster, there are two inequivalent Hg+1.38+ sites. In the first Hg+1.38+ site, Hg+1.38+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Br1- atom. The Hg–Br bond length is 3.10 Å. In the second Hg+1.38+ site, Hg+1.38+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The Hg–O bond length is 2.29 Å. O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Hg+1.38+ and one Br1- atom. The O–Br bond length is 1.79 Å. Br1- is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to one Hg+1.38+ and one O2- atom. In each HgBr ribbon, Hg+1.38+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Hg+1.38+ and two equivalent Br1- atoms. The Hg–Hg bond length is 2.63 Å. There are one shorter (2.55 Å) and one longer (3.14 Å) Hg–Br bond lengths. Br1- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Hg+1.38+ atoms. In each Hg4O3Br sheet, there are four inequivalent Hg+1.38+ sites. In the first Hg+1.38+ site, Hg+1.38+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two O2- and three equivalent Br1- atoms. Both Hg–O bond lengths are 2.11 Å. There are a spread of Hg–Br bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.27 Å. In the second Hg+1.38+ site, Hg+1.38+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two O2- and one Br1- atom. Both Hg–O bond lengths are 2.47 Å. The Hg–Br bond length is 3.02 Å. In the third Hg+1.38+ site, Hg+1.38+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The Hg–O bond length is 2.90 Å. In the fourth Hg+1.38+ site, Hg+1.38+ is bonded to three O2- and one Br1- atom to form distorted corner-sharing HgBrO3 trigonal pyramids. There are a spread of Hg–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.34 Å. The Hg–Br bond length is 2.92 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Hg+1.38+ atoms to form corner-sharing OHg4 tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Hg+1.38+ and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.40 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Hg+1.38+ and one O2- atom. Br1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Hg+1.38+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HgBrCl by Materials Project

HgClBr is High Pressure (4-7GPa) Tellurium structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four bromo(chloro)mercury molecules. Hg2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Br1- and one Cl1- atom. The Hg–Br bond length is 2.46 Å. The Hg–Cl bond length is 2.35 Å. Br1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Hg2+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Hg2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HgBrCl by Materials Project

HgClBr is High Pressure (4-7GPa) Tellurium structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four bromo(chloro)mercury molecules. Hg2+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Br1- and one Cl1- atom. The Hg–Br bond length is 2.44 Å. The Hg–Cl bond length is 2.33 Å. Br1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Hg2+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Hg2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HgS2(IN2)2 by Materials Project

HgI2N2(NS)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2/nmc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two 1,3,5,7,2,4,6,8-tetrathiatetrazocane molecules; eight ammonia molecules; and four mercury diiodide molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HgB6 by Materials Project

Hg(B)6 is Calcium hexaboride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of one mercury molecule and one B framework. In the B framework, B is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five equivalent B atoms. There is one shorter (1.68 Å) and four longer (1.78 Å) B–B bond length.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg by Materials Project

Hg crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3n space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two mercury molecules and three Hg ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. In each Hg ribbon, Hg is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Hg atoms. Both Hg–Hg bond lengths are 3.15 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HgO2 by Materials Project

HgO2 is Indium structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two mercury hydroxide molecules. Hg is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O atoms. Both Hg–O bond lengths are 2.15 Å. O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Hg atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg(MoS2)6 by Materials Project

Hg(MoS2)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one mercury molecule and four MoS2 clusters. In two of the MoS2 clusters, Mo+3.67+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two S2- atoms. Both Mo–S bond lengths are 2.32 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Mo+3.67+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.08 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Mo+3.67+ and one S2- atom. In two of the MoS2 clusters, there are two inequivalent Mo+3.67+ sites. In the first Mo+3.67+ site, Mo+3.67+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two S2- atoms. Both Mo–S bond lengths are 2.32 Å. In the second Mo+3.67+ site, Mo+3.67+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two S2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.31 Å) and one longer (2.32 Å) Mo–S bond lengths. There are four inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Mo+3.67+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.08 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Mo+3.67+ and one S2- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.08 Å. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Mo+3.67+ and two S2- atoms. The S–S bond length is 4.07 Å. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Mo+3.67+ and two S2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HgH4C2S2(N3Cl)2 by Materials Project

Hg(N2)2(CNHS)2(HCl)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbcn space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight hydrochloric acid molecules, eight isothiocyanic acid molecules, four mercury molecules, and eight nitrogen molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg by Materials Project

Hg crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ama2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of eight mercury molecules and one Hg framework. In the Hg framework, there are ten inequivalent Hg sites. In the first Hg site, Hg is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Hg atoms. There are a spread of Hg–Hg bond distances ranging from 3.28–3.33 Å. In the second Hg site, Hg is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Hg atoms. There are a spread of Hg–Hg bond distances ranging from 3.28–3.34 Å. In the third Hg site, Hg is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Hg atoms. There are a spread of Hg–Hg bond distances ranging from 3.28–3.34 Å. In the fourth Hg site, Hg is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Hg atoms. There are two shorter (3.25 Å) and two longer (3.26 Å) Hg–Hg bond lengths. In the fifth Hg site, Hg is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Hg atoms. There are two shorter (3.25 Å) and two longer (3.26 Å) Hg–Hg bond lengths. In the sixth Hg site, Hg is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Hg atoms. All Hg–Hg bond lengths are 3.25 Å. In the seventh Hg site, Hg is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six Hg atoms. Both Hg–Hg bond lengths are 3.32 Å. In the eighth Hg site, Hg is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six Hg atoms. Both Hg–Hg bond lengths are 3.32 Å. In the ninth Hg site, Hg is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six Hg atoms. In the tenth Hg site, Hg is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six Hg atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HgBr3NO by Materials Project

HgNO(Br)3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmc2_1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of twelve hydrobromic acid molecules; four mercury molecules; and four NO ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each NO ribbon, N3- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.50 Å. O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent N3- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Hg by Materials Project

Hg is Magnesium structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two mercury molecules. Hg is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Progress towards the completion of the proton power upgrade project

The Proton Power Upgrade project at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will increase the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW. Upon completion in early 2025, 2 MW of beam power will be available for neutron production at the existing first target station (FTS) with the remaining beam power available for the future second target station (STS). The project has installed seven superconducting radio-frequency (RF) cryomodules and supporting RF power systems to increase the beam energy by 30% to 1.3 GeV, and the beam current will be increased by 50%. The injection and extraction region of the accumulator ring are being upgraded, and a new 2 MW mercury target has been developed along with supporting equipment for high-flow gas injection to mitigate cavitation and fatigue stress. The first four cryomodules and supporting systems were commissioned in 2022-2023 and supported neutron production at 1.05 GeV, 1.7 MW with high reliability. The first-article 2 MW target was operated successfully for approximately 4400 MW-Hours over two run periods. The long outage began in August 2023 for installation of the remaining technical equipment and construction of the Ring-to-Target Beam Transport tunnel stub that will enable connection to the STS without interrupting operation of the FTS. The upgrade is proceeding on-schedule and on-budget, and resumption of neutron production for the user program is planned for July 2024.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Progress on the Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source

The Proton Power Upgrade Project at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will increase the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW. Upon completion of the project, 2 MW of beam power will be available for neutron production at the existing first target station with the remaining beam power available for the future second target station. The project will install seven superconducting RF cryomodules and supporting RF power systems and ancillaries to increase the beam energy to 1.3 GeV . The injection and extraction region of the accumulator ring will be upgraded, and a new 2 MW mercury target has been developed along with supporting equipment for high-flow gas injection to mitigate cavitation and fatigue stress. Equipment is being received from vendors and partner laboratories, and installation is underway with three major installation outages planned in 2022-2024. The project is planned to be completed in 2025.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effects of Carbonic Acid-Rock Interactions on CO2/Brine Multiphase Flow Properties in the Upper Minnelusa Sandstones

Summary Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into a deep saline aquifer can dissolve into formation brine and generate carbonic acid. The resulting acid can drive fluid-rock geochemical reactions. The impact of these fluid-rock geochemical reactions on porosity, permeability, and multiphase flow responses is relevant to the determination of CO2 storage capacity of deep saline aquifers. In this research, carbonic acid flooding experiments were performed on core samples consisting of poorly sorted, quartz-rich sand with laminated bedding from a possible CO2 storage target in northwest Wyoming. Complementary pre- and post-injection porosity and permeability, thin-section, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP), and time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) measurements were conducted. Overall, both core porosity and permeability increased after a 7-day carbonic acid injection, from 6.2 to 8.4% and 1.6 to 3.7 md, respectively. We attributed these changes to carbonate mineral dissolution, which was evidenced by the effluent brine geochemistry, pore-throat size distribution (PTSD), and BET surface area. To be more specific, within the more-permeable section of core samples containing larger pore size, the permeability increment is apparent due to dolomite mineral grains and cements dissolution. However, for the lower-permeability section corresponding to the smaller pore size, mineral precipitation possibly lessened dissolution effects, leading to insignificant petrophysical properties changes. Consequently, the observed heterogeneous carbonic acid-rock interactions resulted in alterations of CO2/brine relative permeability (i.e., the initial CO2 saturation decreased and the CO2 flow capacity was enhanced). This research provides a fundamental understanding regarding effects of fluid-rock reactions on changes in static and multiphase flow properties of eolian sandstones, which lays the foundation for more accurate prediction/simulation of CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers.

Engineering↗
DOE OSTI2024

Carbon Capture from ArcelorMittal Hot Briquetted Iron Plant Using Air Liquide Cryocap™ FG Technology – FEED Study

The process of steel production is energy and carbon intensive with global average energy consumption of 5.5 MWh/tonne of steel and CO2 emission intensity of 1.83 tonne CO2/tonne of steel. The steel making process has inherent CO2 emissions from mineral conversion and is considered major contributors to the global carbon emissions. The steel industry is responsible for 8% of global carbon emissions. The main objective of this research project is to execute and complete a front-end engineering and design (FEED) study for a commercial-scale, carbon capture project that separates 95% of the total CO2 emissions at the ArcelorMittal’s Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) plant in Portland, TX (Figure 1). The HBI is an ore-based metallic that is used as high-grade feedstock for high-quality steel via an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) route. The HBI plant produces 2.0 million metric tonnes of high-quality HBI and emits approximately 1 million tonnes CO2/yr. The capture system is a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system assisted Cryocap™ FG technology (Figure 2). The captured CO2 will be pipeline grade and will be geologically stored in a facility within 10 miles of the CO2 source. The Host Site location in Corpus Christi, TX, is near hydrocarbon processing facilities and near Environmental Justice (EJ) and Qualified Opportunity Zone (QOZ) communities. Due to the location of the Host Site, the retrofit project offers the ability to demonstrate how a workforce focused on the fossil energy sector can be redirected to the clean- energy sector. The Air Liquide Cryocap™ capture technology is a proven technology and has been extensively examined for large industrial applications. It has been shown to be applicable to a variety of industrial applications including the steel industry. Cryocap™ FG (specific setup for Flue Gas application) consists of a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) unit coupled with a Cryogenic System. The PSA pre-concentrates the CO2 from the flue gas, while the cryogenic unit enables the CO2 purity to be increased to the desired level. The scope of this study incorporates completing FEED study of the CO2 capture system which includes point-source CO2 capture and balance-of-plant; Business Case Analysis (BCA) outlining the current and projected volumes of the steel plant’s point sources of CO2 and the potential utilization of tax credits, including its projected revenue and duration; Life Cycle Analysis (LCA); Environmental Justice Analysis; Economic Revitalization and Job Creation Outcomes Analysis; and Workforce Readiness Plan. The plant design work was divided into two components: Inside Battery Limits (ISBL) and Outside Battery Limits (OSBL). The ISBL focuses on the capture system, while the OSBL focuses on the utility feeds and ducting from the plant to the capture system. Various design and engineering deliverables will be developed to define commodity quantities, equipment specifications, and labour effort required to execute the project. These FEED study deliverables will be prepared with the intent to develop an overall project capital cost estimate consistent with an AACE Class 3 estimate. The modular approach for the Cryocap™ FG that is being designed for this study integrates compression, PSA, and cryogenic “bricks” to achieve the desired CO2 capture rates. This carbon capture system integrates easily with the existing plant, thus reducing project costs and risks. It is also capable of managing impurities such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), mercury, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. The capture system has a smaller footprint than amine-based systems. The two-step process uses PSA to preconcentrate the CO2 in the feedstream and then uses the cryogenic portion to purify and compress the resulting high purity CO2 product. This combination of purification and compression (i.e., process intensification) significantly reduces the CAPEX associated with use of a separate compressor commonly utilized for amine solvent-based systems. Successful completion of the FEED study will provide DOE with a detailed understanding of the costs for scaling up this proven capture technology for commercial applications at industrial facilities.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Solvent Hold Tank Sample Results for MCU-19-557- 558-559 (July 2019), MCU-19-560-561-562 (August 2019), MCU-19-566-567-568 (September 2019) (Quarterly Report)

In late FY13, MCU implemented the Next Generation Solvent (NGS) flow sheet. Facility personnel added a non-radioactive, NGS “cocktail” containing the new Extractant (MaxCalix) and a new Suppressor (TiDG) to the SHT heel to implement the NGS flow sheet. The resulting “blend” solvent (“NGS blend solvent”) is essentially NGS with residual amounts of calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) (BOBCalixC6) and trioctylamine (TOA). For process monitoring, SHT samples are sent to Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to examine solvent composition changes over time. With the exception of Isopar™ L which is regularly added to the SHT due to its high vapor pressure, this report shows the cumulative chemical composition data, including impurities like mercury, of three SHT samples: MCU-19-557-558-559, MCU- 19-560-561-562, and MCU-19-566-567-568. A summary report for each of the SHT monthly samples was issued previously. This report examines the cumulative results from these and several past monthly reports.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Annual Storm Water Report for the Y-12 National Security Complex Oak Ridge, Tennessee

This is the seventh annual storm water report prepared in accordance with the modified National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit issued to the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12) on April 1, 2014. This modified permit removed the authorization to augment flow in East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and thus removed the requirement to sample this effluent in conjunction with other major outfalls on EFPC. The general condition of the site continues to improve. The concentrations of Escherichia Coli (Es. coli) at the major outfalls and instream monitoring locations on EFPC are no longer elevated as they were in 2018. Follow-up samples indicated normal levels. Monitoring for this parameter will continue into 2020. The repair of Outfall 014 is nearing completion and will be sampled for storm water in 2020. This repair was expected to occur in 2019 but was delayed until 2020. There are several construction and demolition activities currently in progress at Y-12. These include the construction of the Uranium Processing Facility (UPF), the Mercury Treatment Facility (MTF) on EFPC and the impending demolition of the Biology Complex. These projects will present challenges for the protection of storm water. Oversight of these activities will be a priority in 2020. Y-12 will continue to implement appropriate Best Management Practices and reduce outside material storage areas where possible.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗