Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “finance”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Mississippi Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Mississippi homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Mississippi homeowners will save $\$$2,022 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at $\$$5,400 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 2 years for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$164 for the 2009 IECC and $\$$422 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Missouri Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Missouri homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Missouri homeowners will save $\$$2,229 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at $\$$7,826 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$143 for the 2009 IECC and $\$$507 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Oklahoma Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 IRC

The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Oklahoma homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from Chapter 11 of the 2009 International Residential Code (IRC) is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Oklahoma homeowners will save $\$$5,786 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$408 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Tennessee Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Tennessee homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Tennessee homeowners will save $\$$1,809 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at $\$$6,102 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$123 for the 2009 IECC and $\$$415 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Texas Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 IECC

The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Texas homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from the 2009 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Texas homeowners will save $\$$3,456 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 2 years for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$259 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Virginia Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 Virginia Construction Code

The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Virginia homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from the current Virginia Construction Code is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Virginia homeowners will save $\$$5,836 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$388 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

West Virginia Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for West Virginia homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, West Virginia homeowners will save $\$$1,996 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at $\$$7,301 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$135 for the 2009 IECC and $\$$480 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Wisconsin Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the Wisconsin Uniform Dwelling Code

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Wisconsin homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the current Wisconsin state code is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Wisconsin homeowners will save $\$$2,484 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at $\$$10,733 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for both the 2009 and 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$149 for the 2009 IECC and $\$$672 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Colorado Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2009 and 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2006 IECC

The 2009 and 2012 International Energy Conservation Codes (IECC) yield positive benefits for Colorado homeowners. Moving to either the 2009 or 2012 IECC from the 2006 IECC is cost-effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Colorado homeowners will save $\$$1,528 over 30 years under the 2009 IECC, with savings still higher at $\$$5,435 under the 2012 IECC. Each year, the reduction to energy bills will significantly exceed increased mortgage costs. After accounting for up-front costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 2 years for the 2009 and 2 years with the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$119 for the 2009 IECC and $\$$392 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Idaho Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 IECC

The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Idaho homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from the 2009 IECC is cost-effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Idaho homeowners will save $\$$4,057 with the 2012 IECC. Each year, the reduction to energy bills will significantly exceed increased mortgage costs. After accounting for up-front costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$285 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Michigan Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the Michigan Uniform Energy Code

The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Michigan homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from the Michigan Uniform Energy Code is cost-effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Michigan homeowners will save $\$$10,081 with the 2012 IECC. Each year, the reduction to energy bills will significantly exceed increased mortgage costs. After accounting for up-front costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$604 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Nevada Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 IECC

The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Nevada homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from the 2009 IECC is cost-effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Nevada homeowners will save $\$$4,736 with the 2012 IECC. Each year, the reduction to energy bills will significantly exceed increased mortgage costs. After accounting for up-front costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 2 years for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$360 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Ohio Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 IECC

The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Ohio homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from the 2009 IECC is cost-effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Ohio homeowners will save $\$$5,151 with the 2012 IECC. Each year, the reduction to energy bills will significantly exceed increased mortgage costs. After accounting for up-front costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$330 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Pennsylvania Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 IRC

The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Pennsylvania homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from Chapter 11 of the 2009 International Residential Code (IRC) is cost-effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Pennsylvania homeowners will save $\$$8,632 with the 2012 IECC. Each year, the reduction to energy bills will significantly exceed increased mortgage costs. After accounting for up-front costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $\$$515 for the 2012 IECC.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Renewable Energy Certificate Program

This project was primarily to develop and implement a curriculum which will train undergraduate and graduate students at the University seeking a degree as well as training for enrollees in a special certification program to prepare individuals to be employed in a broad range of occupations in the field of renewable energy and energy conservation. Curriculum development was by teams of Saint Francis University Faculty in the Business Administration and Science Departments and industry experts. Students seeking undergraduate and graduate degrees are able to enroll in courses offered within these departments which will combine theory and hands-on training in the various elements of wind power development. For example, the business department curriculum areas include economic modeling, finance, contracting, etc. The science areas include meteorology, energy conversion and projection, species identification, habitat protection, field data collection and analysis, etc.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Business Plan Competitions and Technology Transfer

Business plan competitions are used in many industries to stimulate interactions between startup companies and potential investors, inducing investment in those companies and fueling technology transfer into the marketplace. However, no empirical studies have tested the effectiveness of these competitions at helping companies raise funding and become a successful business entity. We use a difference-in-differences model to estimate the effect of participation in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) Industry Growth Forum (IGF), a clean technology business plan competition. We find that companies that present at the IGF on average raise $\$$4.4M (p<0.01) more than those that applied and were not selected to present. We find no significant effect from company location and proximity to investors, which suggests that the business clusters’ effect on a company’s success may be limited. Presenting companies exhibit increased investment syndication compared to the rest of the clean technology industry; for example, an IGF presenter with $\$$9M in funding may have twice the number of investors as typical clean technology startups that raised the same amount of funding but did not present at the IGF. These findings suggest that business competitions can help nascent companies raise financing and help venture capitalists find investment opportunities, and may serve as an effective policy tool to facilitate the growth of clean technology companies, industries, and technology transfer.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2012

Crude Glycerol as Cost-Effective Fuel for Combined Heat and Power to Replace Fossil Fuels (Final Technical Report)

The primary objectives of this work can be summed into two major categories. Firstly, the fundamentals of the combustion of glycerol (in both a refined and unrefined form) were to be investigated, with emphasis of the development of a system capable of reliably and repeatedly combusting glycerol as well as an analysis of the emissions produced during glycerol combustion. Focus was placed on quantifying common emissions in comparison to more traditional fuels and this work showed that the burner developed was able to completely combust glycerol within a relatively wide range of operating conditions. Additionally, focus was placed on examining specific emissions in more detail, namely interesting NOx emissions observed in initial trials, acrolein and other volatile organic emissions, and particulate and ash emissions. This work showed that the combustion of crude glycerol could result in significantly reduced NOx emissions as a function of the high fuel bound oxygen content within the glycerol fuel. It also showed that when burned properly, the combustion of crude glycerol did not result in excessive emissions of acrolein or any other VOC compared to the combustion from more traditional fuels. Lastly however, this work has shown that in any practical application in which glycerol is being burned, it will be necessary to explore ash mitigation techniques due to the very high particulate matter concentrations produced during glycerol combustion. These emissions are comparable to unfiltered coal combustion and are directly tied to the biodiesel production method. The second focus of this work was directed to developing a commercialization strategy for the use of glycerol as a fuel replacement. This strategy has identified a 30 month plan for the scaling up of the laboratory scale burner into a pre-pilot scale system. Additionally, financing options were explored and an assessment was made of the economics of replacing a traditional fuel (namely natural gas) with crude glycerol from biodiesel production. This analysis showed that the cost of replacing natural gas with crude glycerol requires a strong function of the market price per unit of energy for the traditional fuel. However, the economics can be improved through the inclusion of a federal tax credit for the use of a renewable fuel. The conclusion of this analysis also shows that the ideal customer for energy replacement via crude glycerol is biodiesel producers who are located in remote regions, where the cost of energy is higher and the cost of crude glycerol is lowest. Lastly, the commercialization strategy analyzed competing technologies, namely traditional natural gas and electric heaters, as well as competing glycerol burners, and concludes with a discussion of the requirements for a pilot demonstration.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Fox Ridge Energy and Education Institute Project Development Final Report

Faith is located in the northeast corner of Meade County South Dakota. The economy is agricultural; principally large cattle operations on sizeable ranches. As with most rural communities, the economy is under pressure with inadequate taxes and few economic development opportunities. In 2004 the single school house, constructed in the early 1900s, was condemned by the state fire marshal. The school serves K-12 and the school board had to locate, acquire and install modular trailers to support the children; population about 200. The state has not, and will not, provide funds to construct a new school as the political agenda is to focus on higher education. While a new school is being constructed, the Fox Ridge participants believe that the new school provides less than optimum services and facilities for the students. Fox Ridge Energy and Educational Institute has dedicated significant development funds and time in attempting to expand the public education system through the proceeds of this wind farm A group of concerned citizens formed a 501C-3 tax exempt entity to examine methods of obtaining the capital to increase the capabilities of the school. In considering the resources available to the community, it was clear that the wind resource was excellent and with the continuing growth of the commercial wind industry, the group focused on wind energy as the primary opportunity to create a successful economic enterprise. The group lobbied for and received an ear mark from Congress in 2005 for $\$$500,000 to conduct feasibility and project development studies for the project. Matching funds of $\$$125,000 were required, which were raised locally along with an additional $\$$700,000. The community has provided additional support letters. Affected landowners also supported Fox Ridge. Three (3) fifty meter anemometers were installed in September 2005. Planning began for finance structures that would provide the targeted funds for the construction of a LEED certified school of about $\$$20 million. Further, the group has a goal of obtaining about $\$$2 million per year to support the operation of the school, including increased pay for teachers and restoration of educational programs which had to be reduced. The Faith School currently remains accredited through the use of distance learning for some of its core classes. The group has requested that Dale Osborn, Manager of Disgen Holdings, LLC (Disgen), an experienced wind energy developer, provide assistance in this opportunity. Osborn has agreed and is the author of this paper.

17 WIND ENERGY↗