SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “conflicts”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 469 records · Page 26

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2024

Viability and Financial Evaluation of Agrivoltaic Systems in Concord Grape Vineyards

Agrivoltaic systems, combining agriculture and solar photovoltaics (PV), present a forward- looking solution to global challenges in food security and the energy crisis. It can actualize co- located power generation and crop production, effectively mitigating land use conflicts between the solar industry and agriculture [1]. Presently, agrivoltaic research primarily focuses on conventional farmland. To promote the development of agrivoltaics, it’s essential to explore and study diverse application scenarios. Concord grape vineyards in New York consistently experience financial losses, prompting growers to seek additional revenue streams to preserve Concord grape industries [2]. This study presents the pioneering proposal for integrating solar PV into Concord vineyards. Through viability and financial assessment, this agrivoltaic system demonstrates the potential to alleviate grower losses and boost solar developers’ income, establishing a mutually beneficial scenario. Furthermore, it provides a conceptual approach for other vineyards facing similar challenges to mitigate losses and sustain local grape culture.

Williams, Henry J↗

DOE OSTI2024

VerifyIO: Ensuring Correctness of Consistency Semantics in Parallel I/O

Abstract—High-performance computing (HPC) applications generate and consume substantial amounts of data, typically managed by parallel file systems. These applications access file systems either through the POSIX interface or by using highlevel I/O libraries. While the POSIX consistency model remains dominant in HPC, emerging file systems and popular I/O libraries increasingly adopt alternative consistency models that relax semantics in various ways, creating significant challenges for correctness and portability. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a trace-driven I/O consistency verification workflow, implemented in our open-source tool, VerifyIO, which collects execution traces, detects data conflicts, and verifies proper synchronization against specified consistency models. Our extensive evaluation of 91 test case executions across three widely used I/O libraries with four I/O consistency models reveals critical consistency issues at both application and implementation levels.

Consistency Semantics↗

DOE OSTI2025

Integrating Safety, Security, and Nuclear Operations for Advanced Reactors

The traditional separation between safety, security, and operations teams has created significant barriers to achieving optimal outcomes. When security considerations are introduced late in the design process, they often conflict with already-established architectural, operational, or engineering parameters. Retrofitting security measures can lead to increased costs, schedule delays, and compromises in security effectiveness. For instance, the need to retrofit physical barriers or surveillance systems often results in trade-offs that could have been avoided with earlier input from security professionals. Delayed integration can also affect regulatory processes and result in licensing delays. Security reviews conducted at later stages frequently identify gaps that necessitate significant redesign efforts, impacting not only scope, schedule, and budget, but also adding risk and lowering stakeholder confidence in the project. This paper aims to address these challenges by identifying practical opportunities for integrating security considerations seamlessly with design and operations teams throughout the entire lifecycle of nuclear facilities—from conceptual design to commissioning and beyond. The research emphasizes the value of early and continuous collaboration among stakeholders to ensure that security measures are robust, operationally effective, and cost-efficient. By examining case studies, analyzing past incidents, and leveraging best practices from other high-security industries, this study highlights actionable strategies for bridging the gap between safety, security, and operations teams.

Zineddin, Dr. Z. [ORNL] (ORCID:0009000848740725)↗

DOE OSTI2025

Dynamic Low-Rank Training with Spectral Regularization: Achieving Robustness in Compressed Representations

Deployment of neural networks on resource-constrained devices demands models that are both compact and robust to adversarial inputs. However, compression and adversarial robustness often conflict. In this work, we introduce a dynamical low-rank training scheme enhanced with a novel spectral regularizer that controls the condition number of the low-rank core in each layer. This approach mitigates the sensitivity of compressed models to adversarial perturbations without sacrificing clean accuracy. The method is model- and data-agnostic, computationally efficient, and supports rank adaptivity to automatically compress the network at hand. Extensive experiments across standard architectures, datasets, and adversarial attacks show the regularized networks can achieve over 94\% compression while recovering or improving adversarial accuracy relative to uncompressed baselines.

Schotthoefer, Steffen [ORNL] (ORCID:00000002156965↗

DOE OSTI2025

Redshifting the Cosmological Constant in Unimodular Gravity via Nonlinear Quantum Mechanics

The cosmological constant problem represents a profound conflict between quantum field theory and general relativity. Unimodular gravity offers a compelling starting point by de-gravitating the vacuum energy of the Standard Model, but this framework traditionally trades the problem of vacuum energy for a fine-tuning of initial conditions, which manifest as a ``shadow" cosmological constant. In this paper, we resolve this initial conditions problem by proposing a novel modification to gravity based on nonlinear quantum mechanics. We introduce specific state-dependent terms to the Hamiltonian, constructed from expectation values of the metric such as the average Ricci scalar. These terms alter the dynamical equations of gravity such that the shadow energy density associated with unconstrained initial conditions redshifts away with cosmic expansion, rendering it negligible at late times. The resulting cosmology is naturally dominated by matter and radiation without fine-tuning. We demonstrate that this significant infrared modification of gravity is consistent with local and cosmological tests of gravity. We comment on the possibility of testing this solution in cosmological measurements of Newton's constant.

Kaplan, David E. [Johns Hopkins U.; Tokyo U., IPMU↗

DOE OSTI2025

Dynamical Low-Rank Compression of Neural Networks with Robustness under Adversarial Attacks

Deployment of neural networks on resource-constrained devices demands models that are both compact and robust to adversarial inputs. However, compression and adversarial robustness often conflict. In this work, we introduce a dynamical low-rank training scheme enhanced with a novel spectral regularizer that controls the condition number of the low-rank core in each layer. This approach mitigates the sensitivity of compressed models to adversarial perturbations without sacrificing clean accuracy. The method is model- and data-agnostic, computationally efficient, and supports rank adaptivity to automatically compress the network at hand. Extensive experiments across standard architectures, datasets, and adversarial attacks show the regularized networks can achieve over 94 compression while recovering or improving adversarial accuracy relative to uncompressed baselines.

Schotthoefer, Steffen [ORNL] (ORCID:00000002156965↗

DOE OSTI2023

SPC-70692 Rev 0 MARVEL B4C Powder Specification

A. Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is developing a microreactor to produce electrical power utilizing a small nuclear core and Stirling engines under the Microreactor Application Research Validation and Evaluation (MARVEL) program. This procurement specification defines the requirements for procurement of the B4C Powder. B. Any conflict between this specification and referenced Codes and Standards, or any supplementary specifications in the procurement documents requires written clarification from the Contractor prior to proceeding with any work. Any deviation from the procurement documents requires approval by the Contractor with the change request process.