Propellant condensation on surfaces near an electric rocket exhaust
Spacecraft propellant condensation on low temperature surfaces near cesium ion thruster exhaust, considering neutral atoms impingement and charge exchange
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Spacecraft propellant condensation on low temperature surfaces near cesium ion thruster exhaust, considering neutral atoms impingement and charge exchange
Multitube condensers of various geometries, investigating tube flow stability, distribution and gravitational effects
Liquid metals vapor drag and electromagnetic fields effects on laminar film condensation, using finite difference method
Laminar film condensation thickness and Nusselt number on arbitrary axisymmetric bodies in nonuniform gravity
Mafic silicates condensation in primordial solar nebula, explaining meteoritic abundance patterns by two component elemental volatility model and trace element distribution
Laboratory simulation of solid primordial condensation from low density partially excited gas for solar system origin
Experimental method for determining condensed phase heat of reaction of deflagrating double-base propellant, defining minimum surface temperature at solid surface without heat feedback
Condensate removal devices for potassium vapor Rankine space power turbines to prevent blade erosion and efficiency degradation
Polymerized and hydrolyzed polypeptides from condensed amino acid adenylates for prebiological synthesis model
Microparticles composed of each of four enzymically synthesized homopolynucleotides and the same lysine-rich proteinoid have been found to influence the condensation of the AMP-anhydrides of each of four amino acids. The conditions of preparation of the particles and other variables of the experiments control the types of reaction. When a period set of conditions was identified empirically, the incorporation favored the amino acids whose present-day codons are related to the homopolynucleotide in the particle.
Device comprises array of perforated tubes manifolded together and connected to a vacuum suction device. Vacuum applied to these tubes pulls mixture of condensate and effluent gas through perforations and along length of tubes to discharge device. Discharge device may be a separator which separates water vapor from effluent air and allows recirculation of both of them.
Many problems in analysis are concerned with the dependence upon parameters of fixed points of maps. For contraction mappings, criteria are relatively easy to obtain and have been known for some time. In the study of solutions of functional differential equations, more general results were needed. It is the purpose of this paper to give a rather general fixed-point theorem for condensing maps depending on a parameter, to prove continuous dependence and to indicate how many of the previous results are special cases.
Theoretical interpretation of several phenomena concerning Jupiter and Saturn depends upon the electrical conductivity of molecular hydrogen which, according to present models, forms the outermost layer of both planets. The layer starts at the transition pressure between the metallic and the molecular form of hydrogen, that is around 1 Mbar, and extends to the outside limits of the atmosphere. Whether at the highest pressures (and temperatures) this layer is a solid or a dense fluid is not certain. In any case, the fluid is in supercritical condition so that there is only a gradual transition from dense liquid to a gaseous form. The two theories which require specific values of the conductivity of the condensed molecular hydrogen are those pertaining to the generation of a magnetic field in the liquid hydrogen rather than in the deep metallic interior (HIDE, 1967), and those concerned with the electromagnetic coupling and exchange of angular momentum between the liquid core and the solid molecular hydrogen mantle.
An analysis is made of the scattering signal levels to be expected from condensed water vapor droplets for crossed-beam instruments operating in the wavelength region. 18 to 4.3 microns. The results show that scattering should not present a problem for the infrared system operating under conditions typical of the IITRI jet facility. Actual measurements made for comparison indicate that scattering levels are appreciable, and presumably result from oil mist added by the facility air compressors.
A digital computer program for design and analysis of heat pipes which contain non-condensible gases, either for temperature control or to aid in start-up from the frozen state, is presented. Some of the calculations which are possible with the program are: (1) wall temperature profile along a gas-loaded heat pipe, (2) amount of gas loading necessary to obtain desired evaporator temperature at a desired heat load, (3) heat load versus evaporator temperature for a fixed amount of gas in the pipe, and (4) heat and mass transfer along the pipe, including the vapor-gas front region.
In the context of various models for the early evolution of a solar nebula, the possible roles assigned to ambient magnetic fields and the paleointensities required to establish the stable natural remanent magnetization observed in meteorites, are discussed. It is suggested that the record of paleofields present during condensation, growth, and accumulation of grains is likely to have been preserved as chemical or thermochemical remanence in unaltered meteoritic material. Fine particle theories appear adequate for treating meteoritic remanence, if models based on corresponding types of permanent magnet materials, e.g., powder ferrites for chondrites and diffusion hardened alloys for iron meteorites, are adopted.
Study of evaporation, condensation and sputtering on the Moon can provide information on the same processes on other planets, and reveal details of the formation of the lunar regolith. Simulation methods include vacuum evaporation, laser evaporation, and bubbling gas through melts.
The problem of nonmetallized ammonium perchlorate (AP)/composite propellant combustion is studied with the aim of coherently interpreting apparently diverse experimental data. Three fundamental hypotheses are introduced: the extent of propellant degradation at the vaporization step has to be specified through a scientific criterion; condensed phase degradation of AP to vaporizable fragments is the overall rate-limiting reaction; the rate of combustion in the gas phase is controlled by diffusive-mixing processes. Theoretical predictions of the regression rates of AP are seen to match well with experimental observations. Theoretical curves of regression rate are presented for a typical composite propellant. It is seen through analyses that either of the two familiar models for the gas phase (flame sheet approximation and uniform combustion) describes the general behavior adequately, hence de-emphasizing the role of gas phase details in propellant combustion.