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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Brine Availability Test in Salt: Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical-Chemical Simulations of a Heated Borehole in Salt - 20239

The Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) is a collaboration between Los Alamos, Sandia, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories that is being conducted to reduce the uncertainties associated with disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in a hypothetical bedded salt repository. Bedded salt formations may be an acceptable host rock for disposal of nuclear waste due to salt's high thermal conductivity, extremely low permeability, and self-healing capability. In this paper, we report on the first round of the BATS project, a 'shakedown test' known as Phase 1s, with an emphasis on the supporting numerical modeling. The experiment was conducted at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) using previously drilled horizontal boreholes. The test included a heater borehole in which temperature, pressure, and moisture was monitored, and two nearby temperature monitoring boreholes. Numerical simulations that reflect the 36-year-long history of activity at the WIPP site are necessary to develop the appropriate initial conditions. Testing with different heater designs reveals that a 750 W radiative heater within a borehole can achieve the 120 deg. C borehole wall temperature goal. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2015

Analysis of fission-product energy release after thermal-neutron fission of {sup 235}U and {sup 239}Pu by scale-6.1.3 with recently available fission product yield data - 14419

The fission-product energy release after the reactor shutdown has been an important issue from the perspective of the nuclear reactor safety in a very short time. The energy release from the decay of fission products can be estimated using a summation calculation method implemented in various burnup and depletion programs. The method generally depends on the nuclear structure data such as the decay and fission product yield data. In this study, the decay heat measurements after thermal-neutron fission of {sup 235}U and {sup 239}Pu have been evaluated by the ORIGEN-S with the decay and fission product yield libraries included in the SCALE-6.1.3 code package. In order to verify the importance of the fission product yield data when estimating the decay heats, new fission product yields libraries for ORIGEN-S have been generated based on the recently available fission product yield data such as ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.1, JENDL/FPY-2011, and JENDL-4.0. The new libraries were applied to the decay heat calculations, and the results were compared with those of the reference calculation based on the yield library that belongs to the SCALE-6.1.3. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Publicly Available Molten Salt Data/Benchmarks

This presentation summarizes data for three molten salt reactors that has been made publicly available by Copenhagen Atomics. This information will be shared with the participants of the OECD/NEA International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation (IRPhE) Technical Review Group.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Availability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in assessment of drug potential for QT prolongation

Field potential duration (FPD) in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs), which can express QT interval in an electrocardiogram, is reported to be a useful tool to predict K{sup +} channel and Ca{sup 2+} channel blocker effects on QT interval. However, there is no report showing that this technique can be used to predict multichannel blocker potential for QT prolongation. The aim of this study is to show that FPD from MEA (Multielectrode array) of hiPS-CMs can detect QT prolongation induced by multichannel blockers. hiPS-CMs were seeded onto MEA and FPD was measured for 2 min every 10 min for 30 min after drug exposure for the vehicle and each drug concentration. I{sub Kr} and I{sub Ks} blockers concentration-dependently prolonged corrected FPD (FPDc), whereas Ca{sup 2+} channel blockers concentration-dependently shortened FPDc. Also, the multichannel blockers Amiodarone, Paroxetine, Terfenadine and Citalopram prolonged FPDc in a concentration dependent manner. Finally, the I{sub Kr} blockers, Terfenadine and Citalopram, which are reported to cause Torsade de Pointes (TdP) in clinical practice, produced early afterdepolarization (EAD). hiPS-CMs using MEA system and FPDc can predict the effects of drug candidates on QT interval. This study also shows that this assay can help detect EAD for drugs with TdP potential. - Highlights: • We focused on hiPS-CMs to replace in vitro assays in preclinical screening studies. • hiPS-CMs FPD is useful as an indicator to predict drug potential for QT prolongation. • MEA assay can help detect EAD for drugs with TdP potentials. • MEA assay in hiPS-CMs is useful for accurately predicting drug TdP risk in humans.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Evaluation of Hanford Tank Supernatant Availability for Technetium Management Project Studies in FY16

This report examines the need for actual Hanford tank waste solutions to support tasks in the Technetium Management Program in fiscal year (FY) 2016. One key need is to identify both samples where a majority of the soluble technetium is present as pertechnetate and samples where it is not. The total amount of tank supernatant needed from any given tank waste supernatant was determined by polling the tasks leaders for their technology testing needs in FY16 and then arbitrarily ascribing a 10% process loss associated with consolidation and the Cs-137 removal needed to reduce the dose to a level suitable for testing in radiological fumehoods. These polling results identified a need for approximately 2.1 to 3.6 kg of any particular targeted Hanford tank waste supernatant.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2017

Water Availability Indices – A Literature Review

Fresh water is a critical resource for humanity and the ecosystem. In general, water resources can be partitioned into two major categories: blue water and green water (Falkenmark and Rockström 2006). Precipitation that runs off or percolates into the deep aquifer is defined as blue water, and precipitation that filtrates into soil, which eventually returns to the atmosphere as evaporation, is called green water (Hoekstra et al. 2011). For human purposes, green water is almost exclusively used for agricultural production, but blue water can be used for multiple competing sectors, such as irrigation and municipal water.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Assessment and Optimization of Lidar Measurement Availability for Wind Turbine Control (Poster)

Integrating Lidar to improve wind turbine controls is a potential breakthrough for reducing the cost of wind energy. By providing undisturbed wind measurements up to 400m in front of the rotor, Lidar may provide an accurate update of the turbine inflow with a preview time of several seconds. Focusing on loads, several studies have evaluated potential reductions using integrated Lidar, either by simulation or full scale field testing.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Assessment of future changes in water availability and aridity

Substantial changes in the hydrological cycle are projected for the 21st century, but these projections are subject to major uncertainties. In this context, the “dry gets drier, wet gets wetter” (DDWW) paradigm is often used as a simplifying summary. However, recent studies cast doubt on the validity of the paradigm and also on applying the widely used P-E (precipitation - evapotranspiration) metric over global land surfaces. Here we show in a comprehensive CMIP5-based assessment that projected changes in mean annual P - E are generally not significant, except for high-latitude regions showing wetting conditions until the end of the 21st century. Significant increases in aridity do occur in many subtropical and also adjacent humid regions. However, combining both metrics still shows that approximately 70% of all land area will not experience significant changes. Finally, based on these findings, we conclude that the DDWW paradigm is generally not confirmed for projected changes in most land areas.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Assessing groundwater availability and the response of the groundwater system to intensive exploitation in the North China Plain by analysis of long-term isotopic tracer data

The use of isotope tracers as a tool for assessing aquifer responses to intensive exploitation is demonstrated and used to attain a better understanding of the sustainability of intensively exploited aquifers in the North China Plain. Eleven well sites were selected that have long-term (years 1985–2014) analysis data of isotopic tracers. The stable isotopes δ{sup 18}O and δ{sup 2}H and hydrochemistry were used to understand the hydrodynamic responses of the aquifer system, including unconfined and confined aquifers, to groundwater abstraction. The time series data of {sup 14}C activity were also used to assess groundwater age, thereby contributing to an understanding of groundwater sustainability and aquifer depletion. Enrichment of the heavy oxygen isotope ({sup 18}O) and elevated concentrations of chloride, sulfate, and nitrate were found in groundwater abstracted from the unconfined aquifer, which suggests that intensive exploitation might induce the potential for aquifer contamination. The time series data of {sup 14}C activity showed an increase of groundwater age with exploitation of the confined parts of the aquifer system, which indicates that a larger fraction of old water has been exploited over time, and that the groundwater from the deep aquifer has been mined. The current water demand exceeds the sustainable production capabilities of the aquifer system in the North China Plain. Some measures must be taken to ensure major cuts in groundwater withdrawals from the aquifers after a long period of depletion.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Impact of Blend Proportion on the Miscibility and Thermal Characteristics of Synthetic Plastic-Derived Polypentapeptide with Commercially Available Polyvinyl Alcohol

Plastic-based polypeptides are versatile entities formed to conceive a broad range of scaffold biomaterials. They possess distinct, repetitive, hydrophobic sequences that confer conservation, reversibility, temperature-dependent self-association and dissociation properties. The repeating sequence of plastic-based peptides, poly(AVGVP) have been synthesized by the solution phase method and characterized by {sup 13}C and {sup 1}H-NMR spectroscopy. The intermolecular interactions between poly(AVGVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was explored in solution and solid phase by diverse analytical methods. The interaction parameters, namely; α, β, µ and ∆[η]{sub m} obtained from the dilute solution viscometric approach, unveiled that the two polymers were miscible up to 40% of the polypeptide in the blends. Besides, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy authenticated the formation of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds connecting blend networks. Further, other analytical techniques such as DSC, SEM and XRD probes advocated the miscibility results. Thermogravimetric investigation of the blends confirmed the proportionate decrease of the thermal stability with the increase of polypentapeptide, attributable to the intermolecular amalgamation between the polypeptide and PVA. The blends and plain poly(AVGVP) degraded completely at about 700 °C, whereas the virgin PVA was about only 60% at this temperature. Graphic Abstract: .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗