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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Tungsten quasispherical wire loads with a profiled mass

Wire arrays made from micrometer tungsten wires with linear mass profiled along their height are developed for experiments on the generation of X-ray radiation upon pinch compression with a current of ∼3 MA at a pulse duration of ∼100 ns. Wires are imaged with a scanning electron microscope, and their diameter is determined. It is shown that the arrays have such a profile of height distribution of linear mass that allows for compact spherical compression upon current implosion.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Polarization of the photoluminescence of quantum dots incorporated into quantum wires

The photoluminescence spectra of individual quantum dots incorporated into a quantum wire are studied. From the behavior of the spectra in a magnetic field, it is possible to estimate the exciton binding energy in a quantum dot incorporated into a quantum wire. It is found that the exciton photoluminescence signal emitted from a quantum dot along the direction of the nanowire axis is linearly polarized. At the same time, the photoluminescence signal propagating in the direction orthogonal to the nanowire axis is practically unpolarized. The experimentally observed effect is attributed to the nonaxial arrangement of the dot in the wire under conditions of a huge increase in the exciton binding energy due to the effect of the image potential on the exciton.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Color Ultrafast Photography Study of a High-Current Discharge Initiated by Exploding a Short Wire in the Atmosphere

In this paper, we describe the ultrafast slit-scanning photography of light phenomena arising at the stage of the electrical breakdown in the atmosphere and in a channel initiated by a wire explosion. The characteristics and features of the photographic registration of the SFR-1 camera using color and spectrozonal negative aerial films sensitive in the visible and near infrared regions of the optical spectrum are presented. Using photograms in color, we were able to visualize small-scale inhomogeneities, a current-carrying channel and its “shell,” emissions of matter, and shock waves in the plasma. This technique made it possible to record a secondary shock wave in the plasma on the discharge axis during the explosion of short (length ≈15 mm) copper and nichrome wires with a diameter of 100–150 μm at a stored energy of ~100 J. At the moment of cumulation in the plasma, a “hot spot” with a minimum size of ~0.5 mm was formed on the discharge axis. It may be the source of narrow-beam coherent radiation with X-ray photon energies of 10–30 keV. The cumulation mechanism is discussed based on the regularities of the z-pinch phenomenon in a discharge initiated by a wire explosion.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Self-Induction of a Fine Cylindrical Metallic Wire Versus a Mechanism of Electron Surface Scattering

The self-induction of a thin cylindrical metallic wire has been calculated. A general case when the ratio of the electron free path to the wire radius may take an arbitrary value has been considered. The dependence of the regular reflectance on surface defect density and angle of incidence of electrons on the wire’s inner surface has been taken for boundary conditions of the problem.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

High-Fidelity Numerical Investigation on Elucidating Sodium Heat Transfer Characteristics for 37-Pin Wire-Wrapped Fuel Bundle in the PLANDTL Facility

This study involved a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes- (RANS-) based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the 37-pin wire-wrapped fuel bundle of the PNC Plant dynamics test loop (PLANDTL) facility. Previously, mainly the hydrodynamic phenomena of the wire-wrapped fuel bundle were analyzed, but the present study additionally included heat transfer analysis through conjugate heat transfer. The main purpose of the study was to benchmark the experimental data of the PLANDTL 37-pin wire-wrapped fuel bundle to investigate the heat transfer phenomena. In addition, the aim was to verify the accuracy of the RANS-based CFD analysis method using the STAR-CCM+ simulation software in comparison with the experimental data. The grid used for verification was an innovative grid system consisting of hexahedra using Fortran-based code. The development of the RANS-based CFD methodology included grid sensitivity analysis, turbulence model sensitivity analysis, and turbulent Prandtl number sensitivity analysis. Information on the temperature, mass flow rate, and area of the CFD results for each subchannel was provided for the top of the heated section and is expected to serve as a reference for future studies aiming to perform the validation and verification of a PLANDTL facility. In addition, the dependence of the peak temperature on the azimuth angle of each pin was analyzed.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Low Cost Hydrogen Storage at 875 Bar Using Steel Liners and Steel Wire Wraps

The Department of Energy’s (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Office (FCTO) within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) supports research and development activities leading to the development of low-cost, high-pressure hydrogen storage systems for use in hydrogen refueling stations (forecourt). The specific goals of this project were to develop and produce a prototype of a pressure vessel to safely store gaseous hydrogen at 875 bar that meets the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Section VIII, Division 3 design code for service in hydrogen (Article KD-10) and meets the DOE storage tank cost target of <$1000/kg stored hydrogen (H 2 ). The pressure vessel designed and prototyped as part of this study utilizes a standard ASME approved, 406 mm diameter, 31.7 mm thick wall, and 9.14m long, liner with a capacity of 765 liters and rated for a pressure of up to 460 bar. The liner was wrapped with high strength steel wires to boost its pressure rating to 875 bars. The process of wrapping metal liners with a high strength steel wire, a WireTough patented technology, was first demonstrated on short cylinders that were 1.9 m long but of the same diameter and wall thickness as the 9.1 m long, 765 L cylinders. Subsequently, full length cylinders that were 9.14 m long were designed and certified under the applicable ASME Design Codes. Two prototype cylinders were wire wrapped to demonstrate the manufacturability. Following is a bulleted summary of the accomplishments of the project that ended on August 31, 2018.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bi-metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis for Advanced Manufactured Melt Wires

Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) Program Report: Additive manufacturing (AM) based on direct-write technologies has emerged as the predominant method for the fabrication of passive sensors for the harsh operating environments seen in a nuclear reactor. Through the modification of previous methods, Idaho National Laboratory and Villanova University have improved the synthesis process for AM feedstock, which will allow for the improvement of advanced nuclear sensors and instrumentation. A major part of this work includes the synthesis process of relevant AM compatible feedstock to support the development, fabrication, and testing of AM sensors for peak temperature detection. For this report, bismuth, bismuth/platinum, tin, tin/silver, tin/zinc, indium, and indium/silver bi-metallic nanoparticles were synthesized using the polyol method, which will enhance temperature sensitivity and allow for miniaturization. To characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, we used x-ray fluorescence to evaluate the elemental composition of the nanoparticles and differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to determine the melting point and mass loss of the samples. Results show that bi-metallic nanoparticles are a viable option for the fabrication of high-resolution AM melt wires. The temperature sensitivity can be brought to within 5°C and melt wires can be fabricated that are in the micrometer scale. This will expand the range of irradiation experiments melt wires can be used for and the measured temperature will be significantly more accurate.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS1996

(abstract) An All Sky Cirrus Confusion Noise Map for WIRE

The Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE) is a Small Explorer (SMEX) satellite scheduled for launch in 1998 which will carry out a sky survey of at least 100 square degrees in the wavelength regions of 9-15(micro)m and 21-27(micro)m with spatial resolution of approximately 20 arcsec and sensitivity exceeding 0.6mJy. At this sensitivity level WIRE observations can be seriously affected by the confusion noise contribution from the infrared cirrus emission, so the WIRE survey must be planned with some knowledge of the expected level of cirrus confusion. Production of a cirrus confusion noise map with 0.5 degree resolution based on the spatial power spectral density of the cirrus emission in the IRAS ISSA data is in progess using the method described by Gauthier, et al. Spectrally resolved power spectra density data is obtained from the ISSA maps with a wavelet transform technique.

Wide Field Infrared Explorer WIRE infrared sky sur↗
NASA NTRS2019

Electrical and Thermal Characterization of 3D Printed Thermoplastic Parts with Embedded Wires for High Current-Carrying Applications

Fabrication of parts exhibiting multi-functionality has recently been complemented by hybrid polymer extrusion additive manufacturing in combination with wire embedding technology. While much mechanical characterization has been performed on parts produced with fused deposition modeling, limited characterization has been performed when combined electrical and thermal loads are applied to 3D printed multi-material parts. As such, this work describes the design, fabrication, and testing of 3D printed thermoplastic coupons containing embedded copper wires that carried current. An automated fabrication process was used employing a hybrid additive manufacturing machine that dispensed polycarbonate thermoplastic and embedded bare copper wires. Testing included AC and DC hipot testing as well as thermal testing on as-fabricated and heat treated coupons to determine the effect of porosity in the substrate. The heat-treated parts contained reduced amounts of porosity, as corroborated through scanning electron microscopy, which led to 50 % increased breakdown strength and 30 to 40 % increased heat dissipation capabilities. The results of this research are describing a set of design protocol that can be used as a guideline for 3D printed embedded electronics to predict the electrical and thermal behavior.

Hipot testing↗
NASA NTRS2021

Wire Rope Inspection Report Safety Division, Code 360

The purpose of this report is to review Federal Regulations, Voluntary Consensus Standards (VCS), and best practices associated with WRI requirements within the government and industry. This report provides an analysis to NASA Headquarters regarding the limited risks that wire ropes present to the Agency based on the interpretation of Section 29 CFR 1910.179 (m) of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements that allow inspections of OHC wire rope based on the operational status of the crane. This report also provides details and recommendations for the reduction of personnel exposure to safety risk associated with working at heights while inspecting wire rope on inactive lifting devices.

Wire Rope↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Hot-wire Anemometry and Planned Test Entries

- Hot-wire anemometers are sensitive to mass flux and total temperature - Applications for hot-wire anemometry include - Determining the flow quality within a facility - Mapping the flowfield that is influenced by a model - Mean flow distortion - Boundary-layer instabilities & transition - It’s an especially important diagnostic if there is no line of sight - We use a constant temperature anemometer (CTA) at a high overheat & calibrate the wire using a modified King’s Law

Hypersonics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Exploration of Wire Array Metamaterials for the Plasma Axion Haloscope

A plasma haloscope has recently been proposed as a feasible approach to extend the search for dark matter axions above 10 GHz (≈40 μeV), whereby the microwave cavity in a conventional axion haloscope is supplanted by a wire array metamaterial. Since the plasma frequency of a metamaterial is determined by its unit cell, and is thus a bulk property, a metamaterial resonator of any frequency can be made arbitrarily large, in contrast to a microwave cavity which incurs a steep penalty in volume with increasing frequency. To assess the actual potential of this concept as a practical dark matter haloscope, the basic properties of wire array metamaterials have been investigated through an extensive series of S 21 measurements in the 10 GHz range. This report presents some new systematics of wire array metamaterials themselves including the approach to full plasmonic behavior, the applicability of the semianalytic theory of Belov, and estimates of the loss term which bode favorably for the plasmonic haloscope application. This present work constitutes the first precision test of the semianalytic theory of Belov et al., for which the predicted plasma frequency agrees with the experimental value at the 0.1% level.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Friction-based recycling: an evaluation of friction extrusion for fabricating Ti-6Al-4 V wire fabricated from machining chip feedstock

Abstract Titanium and its alloys are used in aviation and automobile industries due to their remarkable strength to weight ratio, but machining loss commonly is high with ~ 80 wt% of the material being converted to scrap. Recycling post-consumer Ti scrap directly into solid bulk products is a potential solution for repurposing valuable material. Further, eliminating fresh Ti sponge during recycling might lead to lower energy and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, a solid-phase process known as friction extrusion was utilized to recycle Ti-6Al-4 V machining chips into solid wires which could be used as feedstock in additive manufacturing. The friction consolidation technique was first used to convert chips with varying degrees of oxygen content into solid billets for its use as feedstock material in subsequent friction extrusion. The extrudates were fabricated above the beta transition temperature, which was achieved by selecting the rotation rate and feed rate, to process the billets near 1000 °C using a tungsten-lanthana extrusion die. This work presents the first occurrence of friction extruded titanium alloy wires. The effect of friction extrusion on microstructural features, tensile properties, and texture are reported. Overall, the friction extrusion method is capable of directly recycling Ti-6Al-4 V scrap into extruded wire.

Friction Extrusion↗
DOE OSTI2015

Evolution of Intergranular Stresses in a Martensitic and an Austenitic NiTi Wire During Loading–Unloading Tensile Deformation

In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction testing was carried out on a martensitic and an austenitic NiTi wire to study the evolution of internal stresses and the stress-induced martensite (SIM) phase transformation during room temperature tensile deformation. From the point of lattice strain evolution, it is concluded that (1) for the martensitic NiTi wire, detwinning of the [011](B19') type II twins and the {010}(B19') compound twins is responsible for internal strains formed at the early stage of deformation. (2) The measured diffraction moduli of individual martensite families show large elastic anisotropy and strong influences of texture. (3) For the austenitic NiTi wire, internal residual stresses were produced due to transformation-induced plasticity, which is more likely to occur in austenite families that have higher elastic moduli than their associated martensite families. (4) Plastic deformation was observed in the SIM at higher stresses, which largely decreased the lower plateau stresses.

lattice strain↗
DOE OSTI2023

Non-linear Wire Rope Isolator Model to Enhance Transportation Simulation of Fragile Equipment

Abstract Introduction Wire rope isolators are often used as means of vibration isolation for the transportation of fragile machine equipment. When deployed as suspension systems in a transportation scenario, a simple spring–damper model is often used to predict the dynamic loads that act on the structure being transported. However, this simple model has proved to be too simplistic to be used in the development of an accurate numerical model that can predict the vibration levels experienced by the inner components of fragile equipment during its transportation. This paper describes the experimental tests conducted on a wire rope isolator used for the transportation of the prototype SSR1 cryomodule. Materials and methods A hysteretic Bouc–Wen model has been used to analytically describe the force–deformation relationship of the wire rope isolators. The developed model of the isolator has been implemented in a larger model to simulate the actual transportation of the prototype SSR1 cryomodule, a section of the new PIP-II linear accelerator under construction at Fermilab. A series of multibody dynamic simulations with rigid and flexible components was used to numerically determine the acceleration of some critical components. Results and conclusions An actual experimental transportation was simulated using two numerical models: the developed Bouc–Wen model and a conventional spring–damper model. It is shown how the Bouc–Wen formulation of the isolator characteristics drastically improves the correspondence between experimental and simulated results if compared to a spring–damper model, especially in the range of 0–30 Hz which is the most critical for transportation problems.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic simulations of wire turbulence

In this paper, we report on simulations of laboratory experiments in which magnetized supersonic flows are driven through a wire mesh. The goal of the study was to investigate the ability of such a configuration to generate supersonic, MHD turbulence. We first report on the morphological structures that develop in both magnetized and non-magnetized cases. We then analyze the flow using a variety of statistical measures, including power spectra and probability distribution functions of the density. Using these results we estimate the sonic mach number in the flows downstream of the wire mesh. Finally, we find the initially hypersonic (M s = 20) planar shock through the wire mesh does lead to downstream turbulent conditions. However, in both magnetized and non-magnetized cases, the resultant turbulence was marginally supersonic to transonic (M s ~1), and highly anisotropic in structure.

(Magnetohydrodynamics) MHD↗
DOE OSTI2018

Microstructure and microhardness of wire-based laser metal deposited AA5087 using an Ytterbium fibre laser

Highlights: • Heat conduction strongly affects the microstructural development. • Heat conduction conditions changes with increasing part height. • Anisotropic microstructural development affects the microhardness of the part. • Anisotropic mechanical properties along the structure are assumed. - Abstract: Wire-based additive manufacturing has been increasingly investigated in recent years. Although it is possible nowadays to manufacture structures that are free from inner defects such as porosity and cracks using wire and arc additive manufacturing, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding wire-based laser metal deposition of aluminium and its alloys. In order to be able to produce locally tailored part properties, it is necessary to understand the process parameter to material property relationships. Using laser energy sources, it becomes possible to analyse in detail the heat input and to observe occurring microstructural evolutions. This work includes a microstructural and mechanical characterization of an AA5087 wall structure. Detailed analyses of the chemical composition, texture, and microhardness of the structure have been performed. The microstructure contains different grain orientations as well as grain shapes and sizes along the structure, resulting in locally different material properties. The results have been analysed and discussed in reference to fundamental theories such as the Hall–Petch and Orowan mechanisms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Directed nanoscale self-assembly of molecular wires interconnecting nodal points using Monte Carlo simulations

The influence of directing agents in the self-assembly of molecular wires to produce two-dimensional electronic nanoarchitectures is studied here using a Monte Carlo approach to simulate the effect of arbitrarily locating nodal points on a surface, from which the growth of self-assembled molecular wires can be nucleated. This is compared to experimental results reported for the self-assembly of molecular wires when 1,4-phenylenediisocyanide (PDI) is adsorbed on Au(111). The latter results in the formation of (Au-PDI) n organometallic chains, which were shown to be conductive when linked between gold nanoparticles on an insulating substrate. The present study analyzes, by means of stochastic methods, the influence of variables that affect the growth and design of self-assembled conductive nanoarchitectures, such as the distance between nodes, coverage of the monomeric units that leads to the formation of the desired architectures, and the interaction between the monomeric units. As a result, this study proposes an approach and sets the stage for the production of complex 2D nanoarchitectures using a bottom-up strategy but including the use of current state-of-the-art top-down technology as an integral part of the self-assembly strategy.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗