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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

Fatigue crack growth from a circular hole with and without high prior loading

Fatigue crack growth from a circular hole was investigated experimentally and analytically. An aluminum-alloy sheet specimen was cycled under a single level of loading with and without prior high loads. Tests showed that the crack propagation life was significantly longer when the high loads were applied initially. This longer life was attributed to compressive residual stresses produced near the hole by the initial high loads. The residual stresses near the hole were determined by an elastoplastic analysis and were then used to develop a stress-intensity solution for a crack growing through the residual stress field. This solution and a similar solution for the case of no prior loading were used to predict crack growth. The predicted crack growth agreed closely with the experimental values.

Crews, J. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1971

On nonlinear effects in fracture mechanics.

Linear elastic treatment of fracture is considered applicable for net section stress up to about 0.8 the uniaxial tensile yield stress. Crack front plastic yield is still small enough to be viewed and treated as a small perturbation to the local crack front elastic stress field. Assuming these same circumstances and adopting the same point of view, an approach is presented for incorporating the nonlinear effects of small scale crack front plastic yield and slow crack extension in determination of the energy release rate and fracture toughness. Deviation from linearity of the load-displacement record in a fracture toughness test offers a quantifiable measure of these effects and is used to calculate the energy release rate. Fracture toughness values for one-eight inch thick 7075-T6 center cracked aluminum sheet are compared with uncorrected values and with values obtained by the Irwin method of plasticity correction.

Liebowitz, H.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Effect of a slot on the buckling load of a cylindrical shell with a circular cutout.

The results are discussed of a study of the effect of slots on the buckling of cylinders with circular holes of systematically varied circularity. The results obtained suggest that the substantial increase in the buckling loads of cylindrical shells resulting from increases in slot length is due to a relief of the bending stress field.

Starnes, J. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Thermal elastoplastic structural analysis of non-metallic thermal protection systems

An incremental theory and numerical procedure to analyze a three-dimensional thermoelastoplastic structure subjected to high temperature, surface heat flux, and volume heat supply as well as mechanical loadings are presented. Heat conduction equations and equilibrium equations are derived by assuming a specific form of incremental free energy, entropy, stresses and heat flux together with the first and second laws of thermodynamics, von Mises yield criteria and Prandtl-Reuss flow rule. The finite element discretization using the linear isotropic three-dimensional element for the space domain and a difference operator corresponding to a linear variation of temperature within a small time increment for the time domain lead to systematic solutions of temperature distribution and displacement and stress fields. Various boundary conditions such as insulated surfaces and convection through uninsulated surface can be easily treated. To demonstrate effectiveness of the present formulation a number of example problems are presented.

Chung, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

A crack problem with four distinct harmonic functions

The problem of an elastic solid containing a semi-infinite plane crack subjected to concentrated shears parallel to the edge of the crack is considered. A closed form solution using four distinct harmonic functions (none of which can be taken arbitrarily) is found to satisfy the finite displacement and inverse square root stress singularity at the edge of the crack. Explicit expressions in terms of elementary functions are given for the distribution of stress and displacement in the solid. These are obtained by employing Fourier and Kontorovich-Lebedev integral transforms and certain singular solutions of Laplace equations in three dimensions. The variations of the intensity of the local stress field along the crack border are shown graphically. An example is presented, which is in contrast with the conclusion established in the literature that one of the four Papkovich-Neuber functions in three-dimensional elasticity may be arbitrarily set to zero.

Sih, G. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

On a yield surface for granular materials.

A special plasticity theory for soils in a triaxial compression drained condition which was extracted from a general theory of soil plasticity presented by Aguirre-Ramirez is generalized for three-dimensional complex stress fields. A theory for plane-strain is then constructed from the generalized three-dimensional theory. Both theories are then compared and found to be in agreement with the corresponding theories presented by Roscoe and Burland at Cambridge.

Aguirre-Ramirez, G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Solid-phase epitaxial growth of Si mesas from Al metallization.

Using scanning electron microscopy, Si epitaxial growth from solution in solid Al onto crystal Si substrates was studied. Growth in reentrant corners of the substrate was found to be favored over growth onto a flat surface. These preferred locations for growth appear to be the result of a force not present in conventional crystal growth from fluid media, namely, the nonuniform stress field present in solids.

Sankur, H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Application of Papkovich-Neuber potentials to a crack problem.

The problem of an elastic solid containing a semi-infinite plane crack subjected to concentrated shears parallel to the edge of the crack is considered in this paper. A closed form solution using four harmonic functions is found to satisfy the finite displacement and inverse square root stress singularity at the edge of the crack. Explicit expressions in terms of elementary functions are given for the distribution of stress and displacement in the solid. These are obtained by employing Fourier and Kontorovich-Lebedev integral transforms and certain singular solutions of Laplace equations in three dimensions. The variations of the intensity of the local stress field along the crack border are shown graphically.

Kassir, M. K.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Internal friction measurement in high purity tungsten single crystal

Internal friction peaks observed after small deformation in high purity tungsten single crystals between liquid helium temperature and 800 K in the frequency range 30-50 KHz, are studied as a function of orientation. An orientation effect is observed in the internal friction spectra due to the creation of internal stresses. The elementary processes related to these peaks are discussed in terms of kink generation and geometric kink motion on screw and edge dislocations in an internal stress field.

Rieu, G. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Three-dimensional crack problems

Methods for solving three dimensional crack problems are discussed. The stress intensity factor for the case of uniform pressure on the surface crack is analysis. An analysis of concentrated forces acting on the crack faces parallel to the crack front of a half-plane crack was made. Two dimensional calculations were made using the exact solution for the stress field around an elliptical hole in a uniformly stretched plate. The strain energy density was computed in the neighborhood of the ends of narrow, but sharp, ellipses.

Hartranft, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Variation of strain energy release rate with plate thickness

An analytical model of a through-thickness crack in a statically stretched plate is presented in which the crack front stress state is permitted to vary in the direction of the plate thickness. The amplitude or intensity of this stress field can be made nearly constant over a major portion of the interior crack front which is in a state of plane strain. The average amount of work available for extending a small segment of the crack across the thickness is associated with an energy release rate quantity in a manner similar to the two-dimensional Griffith crack model. The theoretically calculated energy release rate is shown to increase with increasing plate thickness, indicating that available work for crack extension is higher in a thicker plate.

Sih, G. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Interfaces in directionally solidified eutectics

Consideration of the interface between the phases in directionally solidified eutectic structures with respect to its morphology, crystallography, stability, and overall response to internal and external stress fields. Yielding behavior in such eutectic structures is shown to be controlled by several possible mechanisms. Two that can be related to the interface in directionally-solidified eutectic alloys are: (1) the interaction of slip dislocations with interface dislocations of the semicoherent boundaries, and (2) restrictions of allowable deformation mechanisms in two contiguous phases due to orientation effects. Evidence found thus far for elastic-plastic eutectic composites indicates that interfaces are capable of diverting fatigue cracks parallel to the loading axis.

Hertzberg, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Finite element computer program to analyze cracked orthotropic sheets

A two dimensional orthotropic sheet with through-the-thickness cracks and temperature gradient was analyzed. The program includes special crack tip elements that account for singular stress fields associated with crack opening and crack sliding displacements at the crack tip. The program also includes a linear spring element and a constant strain, triangular element. A number of problems for which closed form solutions exist were analyzed to demonstrate the capabilities of the program.

Chu, C. S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

On the detectability of gravitational waves from W Ursae Majoris binary stars

The possibility is considered of using the collective gravitational radiation from all the W UMa binary stars in the Galaxy for critical tests of gravitational theories. The class of detectors which respond to the Riemann tensor is briefly examined, and the detectability of the cited radiation is analyzed. It is shown that the random stress field due to gravitational waves from all the W UMa binaries in the Galaxy will not be detectable in the near future because of interference from local gravity gradients.

Burke, W. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Effective defect density for MOS breakdown - Dependence on oxide thickness

A new procedure for measuring effective defect density takes time-dependent primary dielectric breakdown in MOS devices into account. A time-varying breakdown probability is obtained by applying a constant field stress to a statistically sufficient number of MOS capacitors. Effective defects are assumed distributed randomly in two dimensions, hence indistinguishable. The effective defect density is found to vary with oxide thickness; tentative explanations are ventured to account for this (interfacial tensile stress, ion patching enhanced by local trapping, breakdown in the form of filamentary discharges with release of stored electrostatic energy).

Li, S. P.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Application of a novel finite difference method to dynamic crack problems

A versatile finite difference method (HEMP and HEMP 3D computer programs) was developed originally for solving dynamic problems in continuum mechanics. It was extended to analyze the stress field around cracks in a solid with finite geometry subjected to dynamic loads and to simulate numerically the dynamic fracture phenomena with success. This method is an explicit finite difference method applied to the Lagrangian formulation of the equations of continuum mechanics in two and three space dimensions and time. The calculational grid moves with the material and in this way it gives a more detailed description of the physics of the problem than the Eulerian formulation.

Chen, Y. M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Thermal stresses in a spherical pressure vessel having temperature-dependent, transversely isotropic, elastic properties

Rayleigh-Ritz and modified Rayleigh-Ritz procedures are used to construct approximate solutions for the response of a thick-walled sphere to uniform pressure loads and an arbitrary radial temperature distribution. The thermoelastic properties of the sphere are assumed to be transversely isotropic and nonhomogeneous; variations in the elastic stiffness and thermal expansion coefficients are taken to be an arbitrary function of the radial coordinate and temperature. Numerical examples are presented which illustrate the effect of the temperature-dependence upon the thermal stress field. A comparison of the approximate solutions with a finite element analysis indicates that Ritz methods offer a simple, efficient, and relatively accurate approach to the problem.

Tauchert, T. R.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Heavy section fracture toughness screening specimen

Size requirements for a pin loaded double edge notch + crack tension specimen proposed for fracture toughness screening heavy section alloys were studied. Ranking of eight selected alloys based on the specimen's net strength was compared with that based on the valid plane strain fracture toughness separately determined. Performance of the specimen was judged on the basis of that comparison. The specimen's net strength was influenced by three critical specimen dimensions: distance between the crack plane and the loading hole, specimen width, and specimen thickness. Interaction between the stress fields of the crack and the loading holes reduced the net strength, but this effect disappeared as the separation reached a dimension equal to the specimen width. The effects of specimen width and thickness are interrelated and affect the net strength through their influence on the development of the crack tip plastic zone.

Shannon, J. L., Jr.↗