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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Web-based, GPU-accelerated, Monte Carlo simulation and visualization of indirect radiation imaging detector performance

Purpose: Monte Carlo simulations play a vital role in the understanding of the fundamental limitations, design, and optimization of existing and emerging medical imaging systems. Efforts in this area have resulted in the development of a wide variety of open-source software packages. One such package, hybridMANTIS, uses a novel hybrid concept to model indirect scintillator detectors by balancing the computational load using dual CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU) processors, obtaining computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. In this work, the authors describe two open-source visualization interfaces, webMANTIS and visualMANTIS to facilitate the setup of computational experiments via hybridMANTIS. Methods: The visualization tools visualMANTIS and webMANTIS enable the user to control simulation properties through a user interface. In the case of webMANTIS, control via a web browser allows access through mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. webMANTIS acts as a server back-end and communicates with an NVIDIA GPU computing cluster that can support multiuser environments where users can execute different experiments in parallel. Results: The output consists of point response and pulse-height spectrum, and optical transport statistics generated by hybridMANTIS. The users can download the output images and statistics through a zip file for future reference. In addition, webMANTIS provides a visualization window that displays a few selected optical photon path as they get transported through the detector columns and allows the user to trace the history of the optical photons. Conclusions: The visualization tools visualMANTIS and webMANTIS provide features such as on the fly generation of pulse-height spectra and response functions for microcolumnar x-ray imagers while allowing users to save simulation parameters and results from prior experiments. The graphical interfaces simplify the simulation setup and allow the user to go directly from specifying input parameters to receiving visual feedback for the model predictions.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS1977

Solar radiation shadow detector

Portable shadow-surveying instrument is quickly and easily assembled at proposed collector site and requires relatively unskilled operator. Technique determines amount of annual shadow at location.

Campbell, R. A.↗
DOE OSTI2014

Analytical calculation for the solid angle subtended at an arbitrarily positioned point source by an ellipse - Paper 38

The geometrical solid angle can be used to calibrate radiation detectors or to determine the activity of radioactive sources. In the present work, we introduce a direct analytical method for calculating the solid angle subtended at an arbitrarily positioned point source by a closed contour (ellipse). The validity of the derived analytical expressions was successfully confirmed by the comparison with some published data (Numerical Method). Direct mathematical expressions to calculate the geometrical solid angle subtended by an elliptical disk detector with respect to arbitrarily positioned radiating point sources have been derived. The agreement between the calculated and the published solid angle values is excellent; the discrepancies were (0.0%). This means that the present approach is efficient and sufficiently powerful to evaluate the geometrical efficiency of the elliptical disk detectors. (authors)

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
NASA NTRS1974

Flame detector operable in presence of proton radiation

A detector of ultraviolet radiation for operation in a space vehicle which orbits through high intensity radiation areas is described. Two identical ultraviolet sensor tubes are mounted within a shield which limits to acceptable levels the amount of proton radiation reaching the sensor tubes. The shield has an opening which permits ultraviolet radiation to reach one of the sensing tubes. The shield keeps ultraviolet radiation from reaching the other sensor tube, designated the reference tube. The circuitry of the detector subtracts the output of the reference tube from the output of the sensing tube, and any portion of the output of the sensing tube which is due to proton radiation is offset by the output of the reference tube. A delay circuit in the detector prevents false alarms by keeping statistical variations in the proton radiation sensed by the two sensor tubes from developing an output signal.

Walker, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1969

The Quantasyn, an improved quantum detector

Quantasyn provides absolute measurement of radiation flux in the range 1000 A to 4500 A and into the vacuum ultraviolet. This radiation detector cimbines the high quantum efficiency and inherent linearity of the silicon solar cell with the constant quantum response of the fluorescent organic compound liumogen.

Gorstein, M.↗
DOE OSTI2021

System and method for passive assay of holdup deposits in nuclear piping

Disclosed herein are a method, apparatus, and software for passive, non-destructive assay of holdup deposits in nuclear piping by in-pipe apparatus. A detector deployed within a pipe is collimated to observe radiation impinging radially inward from decay of deposits that lie on the pipe wall. A radiation detector is centered in the pipe and collimated by a pair of coaxial shielding discs disposed equidistant from the detector. This arrangement causes radiation from a truncated cylinder of pipe deposit within a field of regard to impinge on the detector, while precluding radiation emanating from pipe walls beyond the field of regard from reaching the detector. Hence, observations are unique to a known cylindrical length of pipe. The detector assembly is translated through pipes by an autonomous mobile robotic apparatus. Computer software controls the robotic apparatus, logs data, and post-processes to assay deposits.

Whittaker, William Lawrence↗
DOE OSTI2011

SSPM Scintillator Readout for Gamma Radiation Detection

Silicon-based photodetectors offer several benefits relative to photomultiplier tube–based scintillator systems. Solid-state photomultipliers (SSPM) can realize the gain of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) with the quantum efficiency of silicon. The advantages of the solid-state approach must be balanced with adverse trade-offs, for example from increased dark current, to optimize radiation detection sensitivity. We are designing a custom SSPM that will be optimized for green emission of thallium-doped cesium iodide (CsI(Tl)). A typical field gamma radiation detector incorporates thallium doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) and a radiation converter with a PMT. A PMT’s sensitivity peaks in the blue wavelengths and is well matched to NaI(Tl). This paper presents results of photomultiplier sensitivity relative to conventional SSPMs and discusses model design improvements. Prototype fabrications are in progress.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2017

Diamond dose rate detector testing at KURRI- A joint UK-Japan research project - 17126

Measurements of radiation dose rates in highly active environments, such as nuclear plant decommissioning or following a nuclear disaster, is challenging due to the extreme environments encountered and restricted access. Therefore, novel radiation detector technology is required to address these challenges. One such example of a radiation detection material is diamond, as it is able to withstand and measure high radiation intensities, is chemically inert and formable into extremely small, sensitive detectors. These detectors generate small currents when exposed to radiation, and if the radiation levels are high enough this can be measured. Testing of such detectors is not possible in routine laboratories due to the requirement to have high active radiation sources. However, through a new collaboration formed through the University of Bristol- Kyoto University bilateral symposia such facilities are accessible for UK researchers at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute. This paper presents an overview of the collaborative research project, the accessible facilities for device manufacture and testing and some early results from radiation testing of diamond detectors at KURRI. (authors)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Two-color detector: Mercury-cadmium-telluride as a terahertz and infrared detector

In this paper, issues associated with the development of infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) radiation detectors based on HgCdTe are discussed. Two-color un-cooled and cooled to 78 K narrow-gap mercury-cadmium-telluride semiconductor thin layers with antennas were considered both as sub-THz (sub-THz) direct detection bolometers and 3–10 μm IR photoconductors. The noise equivalent power (NEP) for one of the detectors studied at ν ≈ 140 GHz reaches NEP{sub 300 K} ≈ 4.5 × 10{sup −10} W/Hz{sup 1/2} and NEP{sub 78 K} ≈ 5 × 10{sup −9} W/Hz{sup 1/2}. The same detector used as an IR photoconductor showed the responsivity at temperatures T = 78 K and 300 K with signal-to-noise ratio S/N ≈ 750 and 50, respectively, under illumination by using IR monochromator and globar as a thermal source.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗