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At least 469 records · Page 26

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2020

Simulating pitch angle scattering using an explicitly solvable energy-conserving algorithm

Particle distribution functions evolving under the Lorentz operator can be simulated with the Langevin equation for pitch angle scattering. This approach is frequently used in particle based Monte-Carlo simulations of plasma collisions, among others. However, most numerical treatments do not guarantee energy conservation, which may lead to unphysical artifacts such as numerical heating and spectra distortions. We present a novel structure-preserving numerical algorithm for the Langevin equation for pitch angle scattering. Similar to the well-known Boris algorithm, the proposed numerical scheme takes advantage of the structure-preserving properties of the Cayley transform when calculating the velocity-space rotations. The resulting algorithm is explicitly solvable, while preserving the norm of velocities down to machine precision. We demonstrate that the method has the same order of numerical convergence as the traditional stochastic Euler-Maruyama method.

Zhang, Xin↗

DOE OSTI2024

ScholarGuard

The ScholarGuard framework aims to address the gap in archiving and preservation efforts for scholarly artifacts beyond traditional research papers, such as software source code, datasets, presentation slides, workflows, protocols, videos, and more. It introduces a prototype system designed to automatically track researchers' outputs across various scholarly productivity portals on the open web, including platforms like GitHub, Slideshare, Figshare, and Wikipedia. The system detects the availability of new scholarly artifacts and applies modern web archiving technology to create a durable archival record, including high-level metadata for each artifact. This metadata is displayed within the system, linking both to the live version and the archived version of the resource, ensuring long-term accessibility and preservation of diverse research outputs. The software serves as a critical tool for preserving the broader spectrum of scholarly contributions, facilitating visibility, searchability, and long-term access to research artifacts beyond the traditional scope of journal publications.

Balakireva, Lyudmila↗

DOE OSTI2025

Pulse: An Outlier Sensitive Downsampling Algorithm For Timeseries Data

Pulse is a downsampling algorithm for timeseries data. Frequently datasets become so large that visualization tools and web browsers cannot effectively render graphics due to memory constraints. Downsampling algorithms are commonly applied to minimize the quantity of data required to visualize important features or trends in the data, but some datasets are composed by distinct enough features and trends that most existing downsampling algorithms fail to preserve them. Pule was developed to downsample timeseries data for galvanostatic stack test data at the Idaho National Laboratory. These datasets were composed by approximately 4 million records, most of them being extremely uniform. However, during relatively brief time periods when the stack test changes state, for example when the test article is powered on, or a load is added, the data produce sparse asymptotes. No existing downsampling algorithm was capable of preserving the sparse asymptotes in electrolysis stack test data. Instead, we develop a downsampling algorithm that preserves important outliers in data, and otherwise aggressively downsamples uniform data. The algorithm has applications in other domains like seismology, in the measurement of earthquakes, or astronomy, in the measurement of quasars or transit photometry.

Woodruff, Nathan [Idaho National Laboratory (INL),↗

DOE OSTI2023

Nanometer flat blazed x-ray gratings using ion beam figure correction

With the development of nanometer accuracy stitching interferometry, ion beam figuring (IBF) of x-ray mirrors can now be achieved with unprecedented performance. However, the process of producing x-ray diffraction gratings on these surfaces may degrade the figure quality due to process errors introduced during the ruling of the grating grooves. To address this challenge, we have investigated the post-production correction of gratings using IBF, where stitching interferometry is used to provide in-process feedback. A concern with ion beam correction in this case is that ions will induce enough surface mobility of atoms to cause smoothing of the grating structure and degradation of diffraction efficiency. In this study we found however that it is possible to achieve a nanometer-level planarity of the global grating surface with IBF, while preserving the grating structure. The preservation was so good, that we could not detect a change in the diffraction efficiency after ion beam correction. This is of major importance in achieving ultra-high spectral resolution, and the preservation of brightness for coherent x-ray beams.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Making digital objects FAIR in high energy physics: An implementation for Universal FeynRules Output (UFO) models

Research in the data-intensive discipline of high energy physics (HEP) often relies on domain-specific digital contents. Reproducibility of research relies on proper preservation of these digital objects. This paper reflects on the interpretation of principles of Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability (FAIR) in such context and demonstrates its implementation by describing the development of an end-to-end support infrastructure for preserving and accessing Universal FeynRules Output (UFO) models guided by the FAIR principles. UFO models are custom-made python libraries used by the HEP community for Monte Carlo simulation of collider physics events. Our framework provides simple but robust tools to preserve and access the UFO models and corresponding metadata in accordance with the FAIR principles.

Neubauer, Mark S.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Codebase release 2.0 for UFOManager

Neubauer, Mark S.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Analytic Modeling of a Deep Shielding Problem

Previous generations of scientists would make tremendous efforts to simplify non-tractable problems and generate simpler models that preserved the fundamental physics. This process involved applying assumptions and simplifications to reduce the complexity of the problem until it reached a solvable form. Each assumption and simplification was chosen and applied with the intent to preserve the essential physics of the problem, since, if the core physics of the problem were eliminated, the simplified model served no purpose. Moreover, if done correctly, solutions to the reduced model would serve as useful approximations to the original problem. In a sense, solving the simple models laid the ground-work for and provided insight into the more complex problem. Today, however, the affordability of high performance computing has essentially replaced the process for analyzing complex problems. Rather than \building up" a problem by understanding smaller, simpler models, a user generally relies on powerful computational tools to directly arrive at solutions to complex problems. As computational resources grow, users continue trying to simulate new, more complex, or more detailed problems, resulting in continual stress on both the code and computational resources. When these resources are limited, the user will have to make concessions by simplifying the problem while trying to preserve important details. In the context of MCNP, simplifications typically come as reductions in geometry, or by using variance reduction techniques. Both approaches can influence the physics of the problem, leading to potentially inaccurate or non-physical results. Errors can also be introduced as a result of faulty input into a computational tool: something as simple as transposing numbers in a tally input can result in incorrect answers.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Inspection Status Report of Site A/Plot M (Report for 2020)

The Site A/Plot M, Decommissioned Reactor Site was inspected on September 24, 2020. Site A/Plot M is located in the Palos Area Preserves, operated by the Forest Preserve District of Cook County. The site was found to be in good condition with minimal erosional concerns across the grass covered mound at Plot M. Landscaping timbers installed along the footpath north of Plot M is effective in reducing erosion down the hill. Erosion concerns at Plot M are being addressed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The bike trail installed by Cook County Forest Preserve to the east of Plot M has helped reduce traffic at the site. The Plot M monument appears solid with no visible cracks. The Site A monument has several cracks present that will possibly widen over time. No cause for a follow up inspection was identified.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

Oak Ridge National Laboratory Roane and Anderson Counties, Tennessee Historic Architectural Resource Survey June 2018

From February through September 2017, Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc. personnel completed a historic architectural resource survey of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Roane and Anderson Counties, Tennessee. The survey was completed at the request of UT-Battelle, LLC, the private not-for-profit company that manages and operates Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy. The purpose of the survey was to assist the Department of Energy in complying with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, by providing updated recommendations regarding the National Register of Historic Places eligibility of historic architectural resources at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The survey included the entirety of Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s main campus that occupies approximately 1,100 acres in Bethel and Melton Valleys and on Chestnut Ridge. Based on Facilities Information Management System data and guidance provided by UT-Battelle, LLC, preservation and modernization staff, the survey team developed a list of resources for inclusion in the survey. The list included all substantial buildings constructed in or before 1980 in order to provide sufficient coverage of buildings that will turn 50 years of age within the next decade. Only those buildings with recorded area over 100 sq ft were included in the survey. Additionally, the UT-Battelle team identified 15 buildings for more intensive survey because such buildings are central to Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s future mission needs and are expected to undergo renovations in the foreseeable future. These building were subject to both exterior and interior documentation with particular focus on identifying character-defining features, and thus were subject to more detailed analysis than the other resources included in the survey. The findings of this historic resource survey build on the conclusions of the 1994 survey by DuVall & Associates, Inc., as well as the survey updates completed by Thomason and Associates in 2004 and 2015 in support of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Historic Preservation Plan. Within 12 distinct areas of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, as well as outlying areas, the survey recorded 195 buildings and structures constructed in or before 1980. In consideration of the role and significance of each area and each individual resource within the context of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and in light of their current integrity and condition, each recorded resource was evaluated to determine if it is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2022

Differential geometric approaches to momentum-based formulations for fluids [Slides]

This SAND report documents CIS Late Start LDRD Project 22-0311, "Differential geometric approaches to momentum-based formulations for fluids". The project primarily developed geometric mechanics formulations for momentum-based descriptions of nonrelativistic fluids, utilizing a differential geometry/exterior calculus treatment of momentum and a space+time splitting. Specifically, the full suite of geometric mechanics formulations (variational/Lagrangian, Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian and Curl-Form Hamiltonian) were developed in terms of exterior calculus using vector-bundle valued differential forms. This was done for a fairly general version of semi-direct product theory sufficient to cover a wide range of both neutral and charged fluid models, including compressible Euler, magnetohydrodynamics and Euler-Maxwell. As a secondary goal, this project also explored the connection between geometric mechanics formulations and the more traditional Godunov form (a hyperbolic system of conservation laws). Unfortunately, this stage did not produce anything particularly interesting, due to unforeseen technical difficulties. There are two publications related to this work currently in preparation, and this work will be presented at SIAM CSE 23, at which the PI is organizing a mini-symposium on geometric mechanics formulations and structure-preserving discretizations for fluids. The logical next step is to utilize the exterior calculus based understanding of momentum coupled with geometric mechanics formulations to develop (novel) structure-preserving discretizations of momentum. This is the main subject of a successful FY23 CIS LDRD "Structure-preserving discretizations for momentum-based formulations of fluids".

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2023

Secure Storage: Historical Documentation of TA-08-0032, TA-11-0036, TA-22-0016, TA-22-0023, TA-22-0025, TA-22-0035, TA-37-0006, TA-37-0009, and TA-37-0020

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office (NA-LA), is pursuing the decommissioning and demolition (D&D) of facilities contaminated with high-explosives residues at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Laboratory or LANL). This effort affects nine facilities associated with high-explosives and detonator research, development, and storage: Technical Area (TA) 8 Facility 32 (TA-08-0032), TA-11-0036, TA-22-0016, TA-22-0023, TA-22-0025, TA-22-0035, TA-37-0006, TA-37-0009, and TA-37-0020. All nine facilities proposed for D&D have been evaluated for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and determined eligible. NA-LA previously requested the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) to concur with the NRHP-eligibility determinations of these nine properties presented in four reports: (1) TA-08-0032 was determined eligible for listing in the NRHP in the report, From Ranching to Radiography: An Assessment of Historic Buildings at Anchor West Site (TA-8), Vol. 1 (McGehee et al. 2008a). The SHPO concurred with this eligibility determination on November 26, 2008. (2) TA-11-0036 was determined eligible for listing in the NRHP in the report, ESA Division’s Five-Year Plan: Consolidation and Revitalization at Technical Areas 3, 8, 11, and 16, Vol. 1) (McGehee et al. 2003). The SHPO concurred with this eligibility assessment on June 22, 2003. (3) TA-22-0016, TA-22-0023, TA-22-0025, and TA-22-0035 were determined eligible for listing in the NRHP in the report, DX Division’s Facility Strategic Plan: Consolidation and Revitalization at Technical Areas 6, 8, 9, 14, 15, 22, 36, 39, 40, 60, and 69, Vol. 1 (McGehee et al. 2005a). The SHPO concurred with these eligibility determinations on April 18, 2006. (4) TA-37-0006, TA-37-0009, and TA-37-0020 were determined eligible for listing in the NRHP in the report, High Explosives and the Nuclear Stockpile: An Assessment of Historic Buildings at Magazine Area C (TA-37), Vol. 1 (McGehee et al. 2008b). The SHPO concurred with these eligibility determinations on April 17, 2008. In a letter dated January 24, 2020, NA-LA acknowledged that the D&D of these nine NRHP-eligible facilities was an adverse effect that requires resolution through mitigation. NA-LA proposed the use of standard mitigation practices as defined in the Programmatic Agreement (PA) among the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office, the New Mexico State Historic Preservation Office, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Concerning Management of the Historic Properties at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. The PA states that adverse effects to NRHP-eligible buildings and structures will be resolved according to the standard practices defined in Part II, Section 10, of the Laboratory’s Cultural Resources Management Plan, A Plan for the Management of the Cultural Heritage at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico (Purtzer et al. 2019), and Section 2.B of Appendix D of the PA itself. The standard practice documentation package includes the following components: (1) Interior and exterior photography and production of archival-quality digital photographs; (2) Documentation and curation of historically significant equipment and artifacts; (3) A list of all known drawings for the property; (4) Reduced-scale reproductions of selected drawings for the property; (5) A location map that shows the location of the property relative to the entire Laboratory property; (6) Reproduction of historical TA maps; (7) A TA map that depicts the footprint of each eligible and non-eligible facility; and (8) An expanded historic context that uses oral-history interviews, if available. On March 3, 2020, the SHPO concurred with the adverse effect determination and the mitigation plan. The documentation package, as previously described, is provided in Volumes 1 and 2 of this report.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2023

A Primer on Nuclear "Recoil" Data

For many years the ENDF-6 format has existed to contain evaluated nuclear data. One primary driver for the format and the data is neutron transport calculations. Evaluated data can be processed by a code like NJOY into either continuous energy form (ACE format) for Monte Carlo codes like MCNP or into multi-group form (NDI tables) for deterministic codes like Partisn. The reaction cross sections are found in the MF 3 section of the ENDF-6 format. If the reaction produces one or more neutrons as outputs, then secondary neutron data must also be given in MF 4,5 or 6 sections of the format. Energy and angular distributions for the output neutrons must be given in one of several available formats. The most general formats are found in MF 6. MF 4 is for angular distributions, MF 5 is for Energy distributions, and MF 6 contains both. In recent years, more interest has developed in the other output particles (i.e., the “recoil” particles) from neutron induced reactions. This has been driven by interest in charged particle transport and in more specialized partial kermas. ( A separate total neutron kerma has been available for a long time.) Partial kermas are a breakdown of the Kinetic Energy Released into the MAterial by output particle or by neutron reaction. The sum of the partial kermas should be equal to the total kerma on a group-wise basis. The ENDF-6 format is general enough for these new data requirements. Ideally, evaluated data would exist for every output particle (including the secondary neutrons) from every neutron-induced reaction. In the MF 6 format section, data for multi-particle outputs may be entered using the LAW =1 option. This option explicitly allows energy and angular output distributions for each particle produced in the reaction. Such information should preserve the balance between partial kermas and the total kerma at the groupwise level as well as the individual particle averaged energies. For simpler 2-body reactions, LAW = 2 is available. This allows the evaluation to specify only enough data to specify the 2-body reaction fully. Such a simplification does not exist for 3 (or more) body breakups. A simplified form of LAW 2, i.e., LAW 3, also exists to generate approximate recoil output distributions in the absence of full data. However, evaluated data does not generally exist at this fine granularity for reactions involving more than 2 output particles ( e.g., the 3-body break-up reaction). When the multi-body detailed output distribution data is not available, LAW=6 may be employed in NJOY. LAW 6 produces approximate output distributions for all the particles produced in the reaction. Just like in the 2-body case, the smaller particles will generally carry off more energy. At any particular energy, the balance between the sum of the partial kermas and the total kerma will not necessarily be preserved. However, the average energy of each output particle from a reaction is preserved.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Inspection Status Report of Site A/Plot M Report for 2023

The Site A/Plot M Decommissioned Reactor Site was inspected on June 6, 2023. Site A/Plot M is in the Palos Area Preserves, operated by the Forest Preserve District of Cook County. The site was found to be in good condition with negligible erosional concerns across the grass covered mound at Plot M. Landscaping timbers installed along the footpath of Plot M have been effective in reducing erosion down the eastern slope, thus, no additional timber steps are needed at this time. The bike trail, installed by Cook County Forest Preserve, located to the south and east of Plot M has helped to significantly reduce traffic at the site. The Site A and Plot M monuments were both replaced on May 1, 2021, and remain in good condition, despite a small amount of graffiti observed on both monuments at the time of the inspection. The 19 groundwater monitoring wells at Site A/Plot M were found to be secure and in good condition.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2024

Eligibility Assessment of Items in the TA-60 Rack Assembly and Alignment Complex Legacy Storage Yard

The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office (NA-LA), documented and evaluated seven structures in the Technical Area 60 (TA-60) Rack Assembly and Alignment Complex (RAAC) legacy storage yard at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL or Laboratory) for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (National Register). This documentation and evaluation was conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended; the Code of Federal Regulations (36 CFR 800); the Programmatic Agreement among the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office, the New Mexico State Historic Preservation Office and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Concerning Management of the Historic Properties at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico (PA)1; and A Plan for the Management of the Cultural Heritage at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico (LANL’s Cultural Resources Management Plan (2017). NA-LA makes the following National Register eligibility determinations: la cuna; the rack transporter (jeep, rack trailer, and steering dolly); the Mexia diagnostic rack; the Mexia device canister; the Mexia device mounting stand; and the Mexia target stand are eligible for listing in the National Register, and the second steering dolly is not eligible for listing in the National Register. This National Register evaluation was completed because LANL proposes to develop a consolidated waste facility in TA-60 next to the former RAAC. Across 3.56 acres, LANL proposes to construct an 8,000-square-foot, pre-engineered waste storage building; a 1,500-square-foot office/warehouse building; and 28,500 square feet of covered storage. The development will also include access control features and fencing, parking spaces, and utilities. Additionally, the Laboratory will continue to use the southern part of TA-60-0017 and reuse TA-60-0086 and TA-60-0324 in the development. The consolidated waste facility will operate as a central accumulation area—storing universal waste, mixed low-level (radioactive) waste, hazardous chemicals, and New Mexico special waste—until the waste can be shipped off site.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2024

PNNL Review of Federal and State Agency Regulatory Streamlining Practices

All major federal actions that have the potential to significantly affect the environment (e.g., land purchases and/or issuing grants, permits, leases, or licenses) are subject to multiple statutes including the following: • an environmental analysis under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) • potential consultations with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and/or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA) • potential consultations with State Historical Preservation Officers (SHPOs) and/or tribal nations [often Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPOs)] under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA). Given the size of the federal government and the corresponding variability and complexity in its missions, different branches within the federal government have a fairly wide range of approaches to fulfill their NEPA and consultation requitements. Many of these approaches are founded on the desire to streamline their NEPA and consultation processes while meeting the spirit and letter of the regulations. Some federal and state environmental/engineering agencies have developed web-based dashboards that provide a single web location for permit application submittals. They also use general permits in their various permitting processes. General permits can streamline the permitting process by establishing identical requirements for all eligible applicants. This reduces the time these agencies need to spend reviewing individual permits and setting specific requirements. In addition, general permits do not require a case-specific permit application. This paper presents a sampling of effective agency examples of streamlining the NEPA process and associated agency consultations. It also includes several examples of federal and state agency web portals, online application systems, and general permits that make application processes more efficient and accessible.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2024

Addendum to Architectural Documentation and National Register of Historic Places Evaluations of Built-Environment Resources at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos County, New Mexico

The Los Alamos National Laboratory contracted Statistical Research, Inc. (SRI), to document and evaluate 110 facilities for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (National Register). This effort was conducted in compliance with Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended; the Code of Federal Regulations (36 CFR 800); the Programmatic Agreement among the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Los Alamos Field Office, the New Mexico State Historic Preservation Office and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Concerning Management of the Historic Properties at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico; and A Plan for the Management of the Cultural Heritage at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico (LANL’s Cultural Resources Management Plan) (2017).

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Pore-scale visualization of natural hydrate-bearing sediments

Accurate modeling of gas hydrate reservoir productivity and geomechanical risks associated with subsurface dissociation of natural gas hydrates (NGH) requires the determination of model parameters through physical testing on natural hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS). This involves investigating the hydro-mechanical behavior of undisturbed hydrate samples from nature under in situ conditions using pressure core characterization and analysis, which provides a unique opportunity for research. By employing state-of-the-art micro computed tomography imagery on cryogenically preserved, hydrate-bearing sediment samples, we can determine hydrate saturation as well as permeability with and without the presence of hydrates in the sediment. Furthermore, utilizing a machine learning based image segmentation technique, it is possible to extract pore space and grain information. Subsections of the entire image volume were used to determine anisotropic permeabilities using a finite-difference method Stokes solver (FDMSS). Additionally, permeability measurements on whole pressure and temperature preserved hydrate-bearing core were analyzed by utilizing the National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (NETL) Pressure Core Characterization and X-ray CT Visualization Tool (PCXT) to manipulate, cut, and analyze pressure preserved sediment. Permeabilities were measured under a broad range of vertical stress states to simulate expected pressure changes during production scenarios, and the results show that permeabilities derived from images are in agreement with those from traditional core derived experiments. The collected stress-dependent permeability, permeability anisotropy, and corresponding gas hydrate saturations provide valuable input into numerical simulations of reservoir productivity. These properties have been proven to be key parameters determining a long-term reservoir response under depressurization.

Liu, Mengwei [Oak Ridge Institute for Science and ↗

DOE OSTI2025

A Cultural Resource Survey of 110.55 Acres at the Coyote Test Field, Sandia National Laboratories, Kirtland Air Force Base, Bernalillo County, Albuquerque, New Mexico

This report presents the results of a Section 110 cultural resource survey of Sandia National Laboratories’ (Sandia) 9930 and 9939 Complexes, in the Coyote Test Field (CTF), located on lands permitted to the Department of Energy (DOE) by the Department of Defense (DOD), Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB), Bernalillo County, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Sandia Field Office (DOE/NNSA SFO) and National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, in accordance with Section 110 and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and its implementing regulations 36 C.F.R. Part 800, states that every federal agency must establish their own historic preservation program for the identification, evaluation, and protection of historic properties and to ensure that historic preservation is fully integrated into the ongoing programs of federal agencies. Sandia’s Cultural Resources Program (CRP) establishes areas of potential effects based upon projected Sandia mission needs. Some of these areas have no immediate undertakings planned but are in areas where undertakings can happen at a future date.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗