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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Taming the Wild World of Management, Performance and Communication - 13459

Management has evolved a long way from its original meaning of 'governing a horse'. The industrial revolution fostered 'scientific management'; 1930's Hawthorne studies discovered that people's social interactions could alter productivity; and the dawn of the computer age in the post-war 1950's brought general systems theory into management thinking. Today, mobile wireless connectivity aims to transform ever-changing networks of players, mandates, and markets into something that can be 'managed'. So why is there no clear and simple recipe for how to practice management? We talk about financial management, safety management, and operations management, but surely the 'management' part of those endeavors will share the same set of practices. Instead, we are still arguing for 'management' to include everything from developing people to negotiating contracts. A manager's job may include many things, but one of them, the job of management, needs to be nailed down. Three standard practices for managing in a network are developed: (a) support the dialogues that connect people vital to accomplishing a goal or objective; (b) develop and sustain the scoreboards that serve as a road-map to reach the goal; and (c) control the feedback to 'govern the horse'. These three practices are useful for more than reaching goals, as they also support coordinating across boundaries and running productive meetings. The dialogues for productive relationships, scoreboards for goals and deliverables, and feedback for performance together constitute a recipe for managing in a networked world. (authors)

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2022

EMSL-Computing/PeakDecoder

PeakDecoder is a machine learning (ML)-based metabolite identification algorithm for multidimensional mass spectrometry measurements incorporating liquid chromatography (LC) and ion mobility spectrometry (IM) separations, and collecting extensive fragmentation spectra with data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods: LC-IM-DIA-MS. The algorithm learns to distinguish true co-elution and co-mobility from raw data and calculates metabolite identification error rates.

Bilbao Pena, Aivett↗
DOE OSTI2016

Automated Work Package: Initial Wireless Communication Platform Design, Development, and Evaluation

The Department of Energy’s Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program is developing the scientific basis to ensure long-term reliability, productivity, safety, and security of the nuclear power industry in the United States. The Instrumentation, Information, and Control (II&C) pathway of the program aims to increase the role of advanced II&C technologies to achieve this objective. One of the pathway efforts at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is to improve the work packages execution process by replacing the expensive, inefficient, bulky, complex, and error-prone paper-based work orders with automated work packages (AWPs). An AWP is an automated and dynamic presentation of the work package designed to guide the user through the work process. It is loaded on a mobile device, such as a tablet, and is capable of communicating with plant equipment and systems to acquire plant and procedure states. The AWP replaces those functions where a computer is more efficient and reliable than a human. To enable the automatic acquisition of plant data, it is necessary to design and develop a prototype platform for data exchange between the field instruments and the AWP mobile devices. The development of the platform aims to reveal issues and solutions generalizable to large-scale implementation of a similar system. Topics such as bandwidth, robustness, response time, interference, and security are usually associated with wireless communication. These concerns, along with other requirements, are listed in an earlier INL report. Specifically, the targeted issues and performance aspects in this work are relevant to the communication infrastructure from the perspective of promptness, robustness, expandability, and interoperability with different technologies.

Automated Work Packages↗
DOE OSTI2015

Mobility size and mass of nascent soot particles in a benchmark premixed ethylene flame

The burner stabilized stagnation flame technique coupled with micro-orifice probe sampling and mobility sizing has evolved into a useful tool for examining the evolution of the particle size distribution of nascent soot in laminar premixed flames. Several key aspects of this technique are examined through a multi-university collaborative study that involves both experimental measurement and computational modeling. Key issues examined include (a) data reproducibility and facility effects using four burners of different sizes and makers over three different facilities, (b) the mobility diameter and particle mass relationship, and (c) the degree to which the finite orifice flow rate affects the validity of the boundary condition in a pseudo one dimensional stagnation flow flame formulation. The results indicate that different burners across facilities yield nearly identical results after special attention is paid to a range of experimental details, including a proper selection of the sample dilution ratio and quantification of the experimental flame boundary conditions. The mobility size and mass relationship probed by tandem mass and mobility measurement shows that nascent soot with mobility diameter as small as 15 nm can deviate drastically from the spherical shape. Various non-spherical morphology models using a mass density value of 1.5 g/cm 3 can reconcile this discrepancy in nascent soot mass. Lastly, two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations of the experimental flame with and without the sample orifice flow reveal several problems of the pseudo one-dimensional stagnation flow flame approximation. The effect of the orifice flow on the flame and soot sampled, although small, is not negligible. Particular suggestions are provided as to how to treat the non-ideality of the experimental setup in experiment and model comparisons.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

System Administrator Training Item #25928

External and internal cyber-attacks pose an extreme risk to government, businesses and individuals. System attacks, resulting in compromised information are occurring more frequently and the threat to the Laboratory has never been higher. This training has been developed to help you better understand your role as a System Administrator and recognize your responsibilities within the Laboratory’s Information Security (Cyber) Program and has been revised to address newly implemented ACD 470.6 restrictions for mobile devices in secure areas.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Optimal Communication Topology Construction and Sensor Selection for Independent Airspace Surveillance

The paper presents an approach with no estimation feedback to sensors selection and communication network topology computation for independent airspace surveillance with maximum outcome and minimum cost using ground based distributed sensing, computing and communication network infrastructure. The selection criteria includes maximum airspace coverage with minimal resources, minimum communication time and power consumption while guaranteeing the system observability and providing in-time high quality information to both stationary and mobile users. The developed algorithms use multi-objective optimization strategy taking into account trade-offs between conflicting objectives and are implemented using off-the-shelf computational tools. The algorithms are validated in a desktop simulation environment using synthetic sensors data generated for a simulated multi-vehicle flight scenario in the selected regional airspace and parameters of a notional wireless communication network.

Distributed sensing↗
DOE OSTI2016

Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Xenon Incorporation in Uranium Dioxide

The fission process in nuclear fuel produces volatile fission product gases, such as xenon, that migrate out of the fuel and into surrounding structures. Consequently, these fission product gases may affect thermal performance and integrity of the fuel. Fission gas release models, used in modern fuel performance codes such as BISON, are currently under investigation to improve their accuracy and ability to simulate the fission gas release phenomenon and its consequences. For uranium dioxide (UO{sub 2}), the most commonly used fuel in commercial power reactors, fission gas release models are known to have significant uncertainties. In the interest of improving such models, several complex diffusional mechanisms have been examined using a variety of techniques such as Nudge Elastic Band (NEB), utilizing both Density Functional Theory (DFT) and semi-empirical inter-atomic potential functions. One proposed diffusion mechanism in UO{sub 2} is through tetra-vacancy (i.e., 2U{sub V} + 2O{sub V}) structures, which is expected to provide a suitable means for the incorporation and diffusion of xenon in the fuel crystal. In this work, a model was developed to study the incorporation of xenon in UO{sub 2} via a tetra-vacancy using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). This is a first principles technique that abandons the use empirical force fields as usually is the case of classical MD analysis. Furthermore, in contrast with static transition analysis tools such as NEB, AIMD is able to capture the dynamics of a given process. The translation of xenon within a tetra-vacancy has been investigated using ab-initio molecular dynamics. The transition frequency, barrier energy, and incorporation energy were extracted from the model, demonstrating its ability to capture a variety of parameters and its potential for use in studying fission gas diffusive behavior. Future refinements to the model will seek to develop additional insight into Xe and Kr mobility and will likely involve executing more elaborate AIMD simulations to investigate this phenomenon. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Cancer epidemiology update, following the 2011 IARC evaluation of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (Monograph 102)

Highlights: • Increased risk of brain, vestibular nerve and salivary gland tumors are associated with mobile phone use. • Nine studies (2011–2017) report increased risk of brain cancer from mobile phone use. • Four case-control studies (3 in 2013, 1 in 2014) report increased risk of vestibular nerve tumors. • Concern for other cancers: breast (male & female), testis, leukemia, and thyroid. • Based on the evidence reviewed it is our opinion that IARC's current categorization of RFR as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) should be upgraded to Carcinogenic to Humans (Group 1). Epidemiology studies (case-control, cohort, time trend and case studies) published since the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 2011 categorization of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) from mobile phones and other wireless devices as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) are reviewed and summarized. Glioma is an important human cancer found to be associated with RFR in 9 case-control studies conducted in Sweden and France, as well as in some other countries. Increasing glioma incidence trends have been reported in the UK and other countries. Non-malignant endpoints linked include acoustic neuroma (vestibular Schwannoma) and meningioma. Because they allow more detailed consideration of exposure, case-control studies can be superior to cohort studies or other methods in evaluating potential risks for brain cancer. When considered with recent animal experimental evidence, the recent epidemiological studies strengthen and support the conclusion that RFR should be categorized as carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 1). Opportunistic epidemiological studies are proposed that can be carried out through cross-sectional analyses of high, medium, and low mobile phone users with respect to hearing, vision, memory, reaction time, and other indicators that can easily be assessed through standardized computer-based tests. As exposure data are not uniformly available, billing records should be used whenever available to corroborate reported exposures.

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTAN↗
DOE OSTI2014

Fuel Performance Experiments and Modeling: Fission Gas Bubble Nucleation and Growth in Alloy Nuclear Fuels

Advanced fast reactor systems being developed under the DOE's Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative are designed to destroy TRU isotopes generated in existing and future nuclear energy systems. Over the past 40 years, multiple experiments and demonstrations have been completed using U-Zr, U-Pu-Zr, U-Mo and other metal alloys. As a result, multiple empirical and semi-empirical relationships have been established to develop empirical performance modeling codes. Many mechanistic questions about fission as mobility, bubble coalescience, and gas release have been answered through industrial experience, research, and empirical understanding. The advent of modern computational materials science, however, opens new doors of development such that physics-based multi-scale models may be developed to enable a new generation of predictive fuel performance codes that are not limited by empiricism.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1992

Manipulator control for rover planetary exploration

An anticipated goal of Mars surface exploration missions will be to survey and sample surface rock formations which appear scientifically interesting. In such a mission, a planetary rover would navigate close to a selected sampling site and the remote operator would use a manipulator mounted on the rover to perform a sampling operation. Techniques for accomplishing the necessary manipulation for the sampling components of such a mission have been developed and are presented. We discuss the implementation of a system for controlling a seven (7) degree of freedom Puma manipulator, equipped with a special rock gripper mounted on a planetary rover prototype, intended for the purpose of performing the sampling operation. Control is achieved by remote teleoperation. This paper discusses the real-time force control and supervisory control aspects of the rover manipulation system. Integration of the Puma manipulator with the existing distributed computer architecture is also discussed. The work described is a contribution toward achieving the coordinated manipulation and mobility necessary for a Mars sample acquisition and return scenario.

Cameron, Jonathan M.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Predicting Strength and Fatigue for Suited and Unsuited Conditions from Empirical Data

The need for longer and more labor-intensive extra-vehicular activities (EVA) is required for construction and maintenance of the International Space Station (ISS). Issues pertaining to human performance while wearing a space suit (EMU) for prolonged periods have become more important. This project was conducted to investigate how a pressurized Extra-vehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) affects human upper body joint strength and fatigue and how to predict it from computer models based on the data collected.

Maida, James C.↗
NASA NTRS2020

March of the Interns

Summer 2019 brought 70 interns — from Puerto Rico, 44 continental US states, Sweden, and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago — into the NASA Ames Aeromechanics Branch. Some were high school students learning engineering for the first time, while most were mechanical and aerospace engineering students, though two physics majors and a math major jumped into the mix to provide balance. This year’s interns completed work on 30 different projects with a collective of 30,000 dedicated hours of work. The projects this year were on urban air mobility (UAM), search and rescue vehicle design, all things Mars, Titan exploration concept designs, 3D modeling (i.e. computer aided design, CAD), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and much more. Last year we addressed the question of what to do with an army of interns. This year, we are following its path to change the world.

Dromiack, Hannah↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

An Overview of the NASA Lift+Cruise eVTOL Crash Test

Introduction – NASA RVLT Project Impact Dynamics / Crash Safety Task - Task Objective: “To improve the crashworthiness and impact safety of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) vehicle and provide data to simplify the certification process. Efforts will include development of validated computational models of these vehicles, as well as other impacting bodies such as birds and drones. Efforts will also focus on developing and evaluating energy absorbing and crush properties of emerging and non-traditional composite materials and processes. Finally, occupant protection will be addressed using computational models and physical assets as it pertains to all rotorcraft environments.” - Problem Statement: “There currently is a lack of data for requirements regarding the crashworthy performance of UAM vehicles and impact loads generated by a bird strike. To address this technology gap, NASA will develop test guidelines, adopt modeling methodologies demonstrating capability for ‘certification by analysis’, acquire vehicle and occupant data on full-scale representative vehicles, and provide data/guidance to consensus standards organizations and the UAM community.” - 4 Main focus points - The investigation of occupant injury using physical and computational assets - The development of energy absorbing technology - The generation of data from sub- and full-scale crash test data - The execution of advanced finite element modelling techniques

evtol↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Computational Modeling Development of Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety for Electric Aircraft

All electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles (eVTOL) for urban air mobility (UAM) concepts face numerous challenging technical barriers before their introduction into the consumer marketplace. The most challenging of these technical barriers to overcome is developing an energy storage system capable of meeting the rigorous aerospace safety and performance criteria. The performance metrics for eVTOL craft are at least 2 times greater than those of electric automobiles. Furthermore, safety is essential for operation of commercial electric aerovehicles. Preliminary systems level analysis has indicated that there are five key properties which must be optimized for successful implementation of battery systems. Those five key criteria are: safety, energy density, power, packaging design and scalability. Current state-of-the-art (SOA) lithium-ion batteries meet or exceed the requirements for electric aviation in the areas of power and scalability, yet are insufficient in the key performance criteria of energy, safety and packaging design. The SABERS concept proposes a battery that meets all five key performance criteria through development of a solid-state architecture battery utilizing high energy density and power density sulfur-selenium cathode with a lithium metal anode. The combination of sulfur and selenium offers a balanced energy-to-power density ratio, which can be tailored to the specific application by altering the stoichiometric ratios of sulfur to selenium. This cathode will be developed by implementing NASA patented holey graphene technology as a highly conductive, ultra-lightweight electrode scaffold. A solid-state electrolyte will be used as a safe, non-flammable replacement to the highly flammable liquid organic electrolytes currently used in SOA lithium-ion batteries. This solid-state lithium-sulfur-selenium cell will be designed into a serial stacking configuration to enable dense packaging of the battery cells. The serial stacking configuration is termed a bipolar stack, which has the advantages of reducing overall cell weight, reducing the amount of interfaced connections for the cell, and minimizing the cooling requirements for the cell. Lastly, optimization of battery components will occur through a robust and rigorous combination of various computational modeling techniques covering multiple length scales. The expected result will be a fully solid-state battery with operational temperatures from 0 °C to 150 °C which provides the required energy density, discharge rates, and inherent safety to meet the strict aerospace performance criteria. This presentation will show initial results that demonstrate the SABERS Team has developed a composite carbon-sulfur cathode which exceeds 1100 Wh/kg at a discharge rate of 0.4C, and 804 Wh/kg at a discharge rate of 1C. Additionally, this presentation will show the SABERS Team multiscale computational modeling approach and has produced a novel particle dynamics method called Solid Electrolyte Sphere Approximation Model (SESAM). SESAM is on the 1-10 µm scale and provides electromechanical and grain interactions for predictive design guidelines for the experimental team to follow.

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Vehicles↗
NASA NTRS2006

Multiuser Collaboration with Networked Mobile Devices

In this paper we describe a multiuser collaboration infrastructure that enables multiple mission scientists to remotely and collaboratively interact with visualization and planning software, using wireless networked personal digital assistants(PDAs) and other mobile devices. During ground operations of planetary rover and lander missions, scientists need to meet daily to review downlinked data and plan science activities. For example, scientists use the Science Activity Planner (SAP) in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission to visualize downlinked data and plan rover activities during the science meetings [1]. Computer displays are projected onto large screens in the meeting room to enable the scientists to view and discuss downlinked images and data displayed by SAP and other software applications. However, only one person can interact with the software applications because input to the computer is limited to a single mouse and keyboard. As a result, the scientists have to verbally express their intentions, such as selecting a target at a particular location on the Mars terrain image, to that person in order to interact with the applications. This constrains communication and limits the returns of science planning. Furthermore, ground operations for Mars missions are fundamentally constrained by the short turnaround time for science and engineering teams to process and analyze data, plan the next uplink, generate command sequences, and transmit the uplink to the vehicle [2]. Therefore, improving ground operations is crucial to the success of Mars missions. The multiuser collaboration infrastructure enables users to control software applications remotely and collaboratively using mobile devices. The infrastructure includes (1) human-computer interaction techniques to provide natural, fast, and accurate inputs, (2) a communications protocol to ensure reliable and efficient coordination of the input devices and host computers, (3) an application-independent middleware that maintains the states, sessions, and interactions of individual users of the software applications, (4) an application programming interface to enable tight integration of applications and the middleware. The infrastructure is able to support any software applications running under the Windows or Unix platforms. The resulting technologies not only are applicable to NASA mission operations, but also useful in other situations such as design reviews, brainstorming sessions, and business meetings, as they can benefit from having the participants concurrently interact with the software applications (e.g., presentation applications and CAD design tools) to illustrate their ideas and provide inputs.

ground operations↗
DOE OSTI2021

Stability and mobility of tungsten clusters on tungsten (110) surface: Ab initio and atomistic simulations

Quantifying the surface transport properties of tungsten (W) is of prime importance to understand the formation of nano-fuzz in fusion plasma-facing conditions. The stability and mobility of W adatom clusters (W n , n = 2-9) on the W(110) surface has been investigated by computer simulations, including ab initio calculations using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular statics (MS) simulations with multiple W interatomic potentials. The DFT results demonstrate that the sequential binding energy generally increases with number of W adatoms, except for the 5 th and 7 th W adatoms. The most common elemental migration steps of W n (n>2) clusters are observed to consist of monomer and dimer hops, while larger W n clusters can also diffuse by dissociation and recombination of smaller clusters. The threshold migration energy of W 9 is the highest, then followed by W 8 , W 4 , and W 6 , while W 3 , W 5 , and W 7 have similar migration energies. Compared to DFT, each interatomic potential evaluated overestimates the binding energies of W n clusters. Additionally, the embedded-atom potential developed by Juslin and Wirth adequately predicts the threshold migration energy of W n (n>2) clusters, although it predicts different underlying migration mechanisms. The results show that interaction mechanism between W adatoms controls the stability and mobility of W n clusters on the W(110) surface.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Anomaly Detection in Gamma Spectra Using Hopfield Neural Network with B-SAT and Grover’s Algorithm on a Quantum Computing Simulator

Environmental screening of gamma radiation consists of detecting weak nuisance and anomaly signal in the presence of strong and highly varying background. In a typical scenario, a mobile detector-spectrometer continuously measures gamma radiation spectra in short, e.g., one-second, signal acquisition intervals. In principle, gamma radiation sources can be detected and identified by their unique spectral lines. However, detecting sources from data measured in a search scenario is difficult due to the highly varying background because of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), and low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of spectral signal measured during one-second acquisition intervals. In recent prior work, we have developed a Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) in conjunction with an image processing algorithm to detect a weak signal anomaly hidden among the highly fluctuating background spectra. The objective of this work is to explore quantum computing methods to increase the speed of HNN. The approach is based on the Grover’s search algorithm in conjunction with a 3-SAT problem formalism. The Grover’s algorithm is implemented on a quantum computing simulator using Qiskit software. Performance of HNN algorithm is benchmarked using search data from an environmental screening campaign, where the anomaly is a subset of measurements containing a 137 Cs source. Results indicate that using Grover’s algorithm on a quantum simulator reduces runtime of HNN by two orders of magnitude.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Design and implementation of wearable devices in machine tools monitoring system - 279

The world's fourth industrial revolution has finally opened after the term Industry 4.0 was proposed by Germany at the Hannover Industrial Fair in 2011, which combined industrial production with an unmanned plant to perform automated production. With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and wearing computerized devices has brought more convenience to mankind with the immediate accessibility of the Internet and technology. For example, the development of mobile devices and network technology has inspired the rapid development of wearable devices on mobile devices. Thus, to enhance the current prospects of Taiwan's unmanned machinery factory's monitoring and maintenance capabilities, this paper studies the use of Google glass Machine Tools Monitoring system, GMTM system, to be implemented in Taiwan's machinery factories. GMTM system, via the Internet, monitors sensor tools to collect tool work data to be transferred to cloud computing for analysis, processing and show the actual working conditions of each machine tool. Furthermore, the proposed system uses the monitoring data in the database to inform the factory supervisors the working status of each machine to determine whether there is a need for machine tool maintenance. This system combines real-time monitoring of material with the presentation of Google Glass wearable devices and iBeacon interior space positioning technology. GMTM system can improve the quality of machine tool production and productivity as well as enhance Taiwan's industrial competitiveness. (authors)

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗