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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 469 records · Page 26
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Root traits of perennial C 4 grasses contribute to cultivar variations in soil chemistry and species patterns in particulate and mineral‐associated carbon pool formation

Abstract Recent studies have indicated that the C 4 perennial bioenergy crops switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum ) and big bluestem ( Andropogon gerardii ) accumulate significant amounts of soil carbon (C) owing to their extensive root systems. Soil C accumulation is likely driven by inter‐ and intraspecific variability in plant traits, but the mechanisms that underpin this variability remain unresolved. In this study we evaluated how inter‐ and intraspecific variation in root traits of cultivars from switchgrass (Cave‐in‐Rock, Kanlow, Southlow) and big bluestem (Bonanza, Southlow, Suther) affected the associations of soil C accumulation across soil fractions using stable isotope techniques. Our experimental field site was established in June 2008 at Fermilab in Batavia, IL. In 2018, soil cores were collected (30 cm depth) from all cultivars. We measured root biomass, root diameter, specific root length, bulk soil C, C associated with coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and fine particulate organic matter plus silt‐ and clay‐sized fractions, and characterized organic matter chemical class composition in soil using high‐resolution Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. C 4 species were established on soils that supported C 3 grassland for 36 years before planting, which allowed us to use differences in the natural abundance of stable C isotopes to quantify C 4 plant‐derived C. We found that big bluestem had 36.9% higher C 4 plant‐derived C compared to switchgrass in the CPOM fraction in the 0–10 cm depth, while switchgrass had 60.7% higher C 4 plant‐derived C compared to big bluestem in the clay fraction in the 10–20 cm depth. Our findings suggest that the large root system in big bluestem helps increase POM‐C formation quickly, while switchgrass root structure and chemistry build a mineral‐bound clay C pool through time. Thus, both species and cultivar selection can help improve bioenergy management to maximize soil carbon gains and lower CO 2 emissions.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

The development and application of the stirred‐reactor coupon analysis (SRCA) test method

A new technique, termed the stirred‐reactor coupon analysis (SRCA) method, has been developed to measure the rate of glass dissolution in forward‐rate conditions. Monolithic glass coupons are partially masked with an inert material before placement in a large volume of well‐mixed solution with known chemistry and temperature for a predetermined duration. After the test, the mask is removed, and the difference in step height between the protected area and the exposed corroded portions of the sample coupon is measured to determine the extent of glass dissolution. The step height is converted to a rate measurement using the test duration and glass density. Test parameters such as sample surface preparation and test duration were evaluated to determine their effects on the measured rates. Additionally, results from an interlaboratory study (ILS) consisting of 12 laboratories from 11 different institutions are presented, where each laboratory performed 12 independent tests. When removing experimental outlier data, the 95% reproducibility limits for the SRCA method has no statistical difference with previously published standardized test methods used to determine the forward rate of glass dissolution. Overall, this paper describes steps necessary to perform the test method and provides the statistical calculations to evaluate test accuracy.

chemical durability↗
DOE OSTI2025

Role of glucuronoxylomannan and steryl glucosides in protecting against cryptococcosis

The development of vaccines for fungal diseases, including cryptococcosis, is an emergent line of research and development. In previous studies, we showed that a Cryptococcus mutant lacking the SGL1 gene (∆sgl1) accumulates certain glycolipids called steryl glucosides (SGs) on the fungal capsule, promoting an effective immunostimulation that totally protects the host from a secondary cryptococcal infection. However, this protection is lost when the cryptococcal capsule is absent in the ∆sgl1 background. The cryptococcal capsule is mainly composed of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), a polysaccharide microfiber consisting of glucuronic acid, xylose, and mannose linked by glycosidic bonds forming specific triads. In this study, we engineered cells to lack each of the GXM components and tested the effect of these deletions on protection under the condition of SG accumulation. We found that glucuronic acid and xylose are required for protection, and their absence abrogates the production of IFNγ and IL-17A by γδ T cells, which are necessary stimulants for the protective phenotype of the ∆sgl1. We analyzed the structure of the GXM microfibers and found that although the deletion of SGL1 only slightly affects the size and distribution of these microfibers, it significantly changes the ratio of mannose to other components. In conclusion, this study identifies the structural modifications that the deletion of SGL1 and the consequent accumulation of SGs impart to the GXM structure of C. neoformans. This provides significant insights into the protective mechanisms mediated by SG accumulation on the capsule, with important implications for the future development of an efficacious cryptococcal vaccine.

Cryptococcus neoformans↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spatiotemporal analysis of lung immune dynamics in lethal Coccidioides posadasii infection

Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley fever, is a lung disease caused by inhalation of Coccidioides fungi, prevalent in the Southwestern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. Annually, the United States reports 10,000–20,000 cases, although those numbers are expected to increase as climate change expands the fungal geographic range. While 60% of infections are asymptomatic, 40% symptomatic infections are often misdiagnosed due to similarities with bronchitis or pneumonia. A small subset of infection progress to severe illness, necessitating a better understanding of immune responses during lethal infection. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, we characterized lung responses during Coccidioides infection. We identified monocyte-derived Spp1-expressing macrophages as potential mediators of tissue remodeling and fibrosis, marked by high expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory transcripts. These macrophages showed elevated TGF-β and IL-6 signaling, pathways involved in fibrosis pathogenesis. Additionally, we observed significant neutrophil infiltration and defective lymphocyte responses, indicating severe adaptive immunity dysregulation in lethal, acute infection. These findings enhance our understanding of Coccidioides infection and suggest new therapeutic targets.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

yuwangcn/C4_dynamic_model

A dynamic systems model of C4 photosynthesis was developed based on the previous NADP-ME metabolic model for maize (Wang et al., 2014 ab). The NADP-ME metabolic model is an ordinary differential equation model including all individual steps in C4 photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Here, the model is extended to include posttranslational regulation and temperature response of enzyme activities, dynamic stomata conductance, and leaf energy balance. This model is written in Matlab (R2019a) Steady-state and dynamic gas exchange data for maize (B73), sugarcane (CP88-1762) and sorghum (Tx430) were measured in a greenhouse in Urbana, IL from July 25, 2019 through August 8, 2019. Data include: CO2 response curves Light response curves Photosynthetic induction curves measured in the transition from darkness to high light (1800 μmol m-2 s-1), data logged every 1 min. Photosynthetic induction in the transition from darkness to high light (1800 μmol m-2 s-1) to determine the kinetics of rubisco activation in these C4 crops (τ_Rubisco), data logged every 10 s. Gas exchange under fluctuating light. After dark adaptation, the leaves undergo three light change steps, light intensity was set as 1800 µmol m-2 s-1, 200 µmol m-2 s-1 and 1800 µmol m-2 s-1 for each 1800 s step.

Wang, Yu↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cellular response of keratinocytes to the entry and accumulation of nanoplastic particles

Plastic accumulation in the environment is rapidly increasing, and nanoplastics (NP), byproducts of environmental weathering of bulk plastic waste, pose a significant public health risk. Particles may enter the human body through many possible routes such as ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. However, studies on NP penetration and accumulation in human skin are limited. Loss or reduction of the keratinized skin barrier may enhance the skin penetration of NPs. The present study investigated the entry of NPs into a human skin system modeling skin with compromised barrier functions and cellular responses to the intracellular accumulations of NPs. Two in vitro models were employed to simulate human skin lacking keratinized barriers. The first model was an ex vivo human skin culture with the keratinized dermal layer (stratum corneum) removed. The second model was a 3D keratinocyte/dermal fibroblast cell co-culture model with stratified keratinocytes on the top and a monolayer of skin fibroblast cells co-cultured at the bottom. The penetration and accumulation of the NPs in different cell types were observed using fluorescent microscopy, confocal microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The cellular responses of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells to stress induced by NPs stress were measured. The genetic regulatory pathway of keratinocytes to the intracellular NPs was identified using transcript analyses and KEGG pathway analysis. The cellular uptake of NPs by skin cells was confirmed by imaging analyses. Transepidermal transport and penetration of NPs through the skin epidermis were observed. According to the gene expression and pathway analyses, an IL-17 signaling pathway was identified as the trigger for cellular responses to internal NP accumulation in the keratinocytes. The transepidermal NPs were also found in co-cultured dermal fibroblast cells and resulted in a large-scale transition from fibroblast cells to myofibroblast cells with enhanced production of α-smooth muscle actin and pro-Collagen Ia. The upregulation of inflammatory factors and cell activation may result in skin inflammation and ultimately trigger immune responses.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Photosynethic Performance Measurements in Biomass Sorghum Varietals in Central Illinois during Four Growing Seasons.

In a set of field studies across four years, the effect of self-shading on photosynthetic performance in lower canopy sorghum leaves was studied at sites in Champaign County, IL. Photosynthetic parameters in upper and lower canopy leaves, carbon assimilation, electron transport, stomatal conductance, and activity of three C4-specific photosynthetic enzymes, were compared within a genetically diverse range of accessions varying widely in canopy architecture and thereby in the degree of self-shading. Accessions with erect leaves and high light transmission through the canopy are henceforth referred to as ‘erectophile’ and those with low leaf erectness, ‘planophile’. In the final year of the study, bundle sheath leakiness in erectophile and planophile accessions was also compared.

Leaf Inclination↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scaling comb-driven resonator-based DWDM silicon photonic links to multi-Tb/s in the multi-FSR regime

The use of chip-based micro-resonator Kerr frequency combs in conjunction with dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) enables massively parallel intensity-modulated direct-detection data transmission with low energy consumption. Resonator-based modulators and filters used in such systems can limit the number of usable wavelength channels due to practical constraints on the maximum achievable free spectral range (FSR). In this work, we introduce the design of multi-Tb/s comb-driven resonator-based silicon photonic links by leveraging the multi-FSR regime. We demonstrate the viability of the link architecture with yield estimates that are supported by extensive wafer-scale measurements of 704 micro-resonators fabricated in a commercial complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor foundry. We show that a 2.80 Tb/s link is realizable with a ≥6 σ yield (∼99.999%), and that aggregate bandwidths of 3.76 Tb/s and 4.72 Tb/s are possible if yield targets are relaxed (3 σ and 1 σ , respectively). All designs represent a 1.94−3.28× boost to aggregate link bandwidth while maintaining BER≤10 −10 performance, with a theoretical bandwidth of 10.51 Tb/s being possible for sufficiently robust resonators. We use high-speed BER measurements to inform co-optimization of data rate and aggressor spacing ( λ ag ), limiting any additional loss-based power penalties to off-resonance insertion loss (IL) and routing loss. This work demonstrates that, through the multi-FSR regime, there is a clear path toward Kerr comb-driven ultra-broadband, high bandwidth silicon photonic links that can support next-generation data centers and high-performance computers.

James, Aneek (ORCID:0000000262527807)↗
DOE OSTI2020

Acute total body ionizing gamma radiation induces long-term adverse effects and immediate changes in cardiac protein oxidative carbonylation in the rat

Radiation-induced heart disease presents a significant challenge in the event of an accidental radiation exposure as well as to cancer patients who receive acute doses of irradiation as part of radiation therapy. We utilized the spontaneously hypertensive Wistar-Kyoto rat model, previously shown to demonstrate drug-induced cardiomyopathy, to evaluate the acute and long-term effects of sub-lethal total body gamma irradiation at two, four, and fiftytwo weeks. We further examined irreversible oxidative protein carbonylation in the heart immediately following irradiation in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat. Both males and females sustained weight loss and anemic conditions compared to untreated controls over a one-year period as reflected by reduced body weight and low red blood cell count. Increased inflammation was detected by elevated IL-6 serum levels selectively in males at four weeks. Serum cardiac troponin T and I analyses revealed signs of cardiomyopathy at earlier timepoints, but high variability was observed, especially at one year. Echocardiography at two weeks following 5.0Gy treatment revealed a significant decrease in cardiac output in females and a significant decrease in both diastolic and systolic volumes in males. Following 10.0Gy irradiation in the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat, the heart tissue showed an increase in total protein oxidative carbonylation accompanied by DNA damage indicated by an increase in γ-H2AX. Using proteomic analyses, we identified several novel proteins which showed a marked difference in carbonylation including those of mitochondrial origin and most notably, cardiac troponin T, one of the key proteins involved in cardiomyocyte contractility. Overall, we present findings of acute oxidative protein damage, DNA damage, cardiac troponin T carbonylation, and long-term cardiomyopathy in the irradiated animals.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantile-specific heritability of plasma fibrinogen concentrations

Fibrinogen is a moderately heritable blood protein showing different genetic effects by sex, race, smoking status, pollution exposure, and disease status. These interactions may be explained in part by “quantile-dependent expressivity”, where the effect size of a genetic variant depends upon whether the phenotype (e.g. plasma fibrinogen concentration) is high or low relative to its distribution. Determine whether fibrinogen heritability (h 2 ) is quantile-specific, and whether quantile-specific h 2 could account for fibrinogen gene-environment interactions. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations from 5689 offspring-parent pairs and 1932 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study were analyzed. Quantile-specific heritability from offspring-parent (β OP , h 2 = 2β OP /(1+r spouse )) and full-sib regression slopes (β FS , h 2 = {(1+8r spouse β FS ) 0.05 –1}/(2r spouse )) were robustly estimated by quantile regression with nonparametric significance assigned from 1000 bootstrap samples. Quantile-specific h 2 (±SE) increased with increasing percentiles of the offspring’s age- and sex-adjusted fibrinogen distribution when estimated from β OP (P trend = 5.5x10 -6 ): 0.30±0.05 at the 10 th , 0.37±0.04 at the 25 th , 0.48±0.05 at the 50 th , 0.61±0.06 at the 75 th , and 0.65±0.08 at the 90 th percentile, and when estimated from β FS (P trend = 0.008): 0.28±0.04 at the 10 th , 0.31±0.04 at the 25 th , 0.36±0.03 at the 50 th , 0.41±0.05 at the 75 th , and 0.50±0.06 at the 90 th percentile. The larger genetic effect at higher average fibrinogen concentrations may contribute to fibrinogen’s greater heritability in women than men and in Blacks than Whites, and greater increase from smoking and air pollution for the FGB -455G>A A-allele. It may also explain greater fibrinogen differences between: 1) FGB -455G>A genotypes during acute phase reactions than usual conditions, 2) GTSM1 and IL-6 -572C>G genotypes in smokers than nonsmokers, 3) FGB -148C>T genotypes in untreated than treated diabetics, and LPL PvuII genotypes in macroalbuminuric than normoalbuminuric patients. Fibrinogen heritability is quantile specific, which may explain or contribute to its gene-environment interactions. The analyses do not disprove the traditional gene-environment interpretations of these examples, rather quantile-dependent expressivity provides an alternative explanation that warrants consideration.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modeling hepatitis C micro-elimination among people who inject drugs with direct-acting antivirals in metropolitan Chicago

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and mortality worldwide. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy leads to high cure rates. However, persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for reinfection after cure and may require multiple DAA treatments to reach the World Health Organization’s (WHO) goal of HCV elimination by 2030. Using an agent-based model (ABM) that accounts for the complex interplay of demographic factors, risk behaviors, social networks, and geographic location for HCV transmission among PWID, we examined the combination(s) of DAA enrollment (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%), adherence (60%, 70%, 80%, 90%) and frequency of DAA treatment courses needed to achieve the WHO’s goal of reducing incident chronic infections by 90% by 2030 among a large population of PWID from Chicago, IL and surrounding suburbs. We also estimated the economic DAA costs associated with each scenario. Our results indicate that a DAA treatment rate of >7.5% per year with 90% adherence results in 75% of enrolled PWID requiring only a single DAA course; however 19% would require 2 courses, 5%, 3 courses and <2%, 4 courses, with an overall DAA cost of $325 million to achieve the WHO goal in metropolitan Chicago. We estimate a 28% increase in the overall DAA cost under low adherence (70%) compared to high adherence (90%). Our modeling results have important public health implications for HCV elimination among U.S. PWID. Using a range of feasible treatment enrollment and adherence rates, we report robust findings supporting the need to address re-exposure and reinfection among PWID to reduce HCV incidence.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Long-term persistence of infectious Zika virus: Inflammation and behavioral sequela in mice

The neurodevelopmental defects associated with ZIKV infections early in pregnancy are well documented, however the potential defects and long-term consequences associated with milder infections in late pregnancy and perinatal period are less well understood. To model these, we challenged 1 day old (P1) immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice with ZIKV. The animals developed a transient neurological syndrome including unsteady gait, kinetic tremors, severe ataxia and seizures 10–15 days post-infection (dpi) but symptoms subsided after a week, and most animals survived. Despite apparent recovery, MRI of convalescent mice show reduced cerebellar volume that correlates with altered coordination and motor function as well as hyperactivity and impulsivity. Persistent mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes including Cd80 , Il-1α , and Ifn-γ together with Cd3 , Cd8 and perforin ( PrfA) , suggested persistence of low-grade inflammation. Surprisingly, the brain parenchyma of convalescent mice harbor multiple small discrete foci with viral antigen, active apoptotic processes in neurons, and cellular infiltrates, surrounded by activated astrocytes and microglia as late as 1-year post-infection. Detection of negative-sense strand viral RNA and isolation of infectious virus derived from these convalescent mice by blinded passage in Vero cells confirmed long-term persistence of replicating ZIKV in CNS of convalescent mice. Although the infection appears to persist in defined reservoirs within CNS, the resulting inflammation could increase the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. This raises concern regarding possible long-term effects in asymptomatic children exposed to the virus and suggests that long-term neurological and behavioral monitoring as well as anti-viral treatment to clear virus from the CNS may be useful in patients exposed to ZIKV at an early age.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Cellular signaling within aged skeletal muscle reveals a dysregulated stress-induced remodeling response following volumetric muscle loss in female mice

Severe muscle trauma disrupts endogenous repair mechanisms, producing chronic functional deficits that are incompletely characterized in aged populations. This study investigated inflammatory, molecular, and physiological responses to volumetric muscle loss in young adult and aged female mice. Serum cytokine profiling revealed elevated baseline inflammation in aged animals and a blunted response to injury, with cytokines such as IL-6 increasing 4.4-fold in young versus 1.8-fold in aged mice at day 3 compared to baseline. By day 28 post-injury, histological analyses showed comparable reductions in muscle size and increases in fibrosis across ages. Despite these similar tissue-level outcomes, age-dependent differences emerged in downstream functional and molecular responses. Muscle functional testing demonstrated persistent force deficits independent of age but altered muscle relaxation kinetics in aged mouse muscles (p < 0.001), suggesting dysregulated excitation-contraction coupling. Additionally, mice displayed age-associated differences in post-injury limb loading. Global proteomic analyses further confirmed age-associated enrichment of complement and antigen-processing pathways alongside metabolic dysfunction (p < 0.05). Phosphoproteomic profiling revealed reduced basal kinase activity in the muscles of aged mice yet exaggerated injury-induced phosphorylation of Mapk1-associated phosphosites, indicating a dysregulated stress response. Collectively, these findings suggest that aged murine muscles function within a heightened inflammatory and perturbed kinase-signaling environment that may hinder the coordination of regenerative programs, underscoring the need for regenerative strategies that address age-specific molecular contexts to improve functional recovery across the lifespan.

Habing, Krista M.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Raw_data_Batch_I: Argonne to Shorewood via I-55

Date of collection: May 12, 2023 Location: Interstate 55, DuPage County, IL This data set contains lidar and vision data collected along a round trip between I-55 Exit 273A and Exit 253. The data contains the following Robot Operating System (ROS) topics: - /Central_Camera_blurred – Image flow from coaxial camera heading, vehicle front. - /Left_Camera_blurred – Image flow from left camera, 60° from central camera on the left side. - /Right_Camera_blurred – Image flow from right camera, 60° from central camera on the right side. - /camera0/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of left camera. - /camera0/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of left camera from lidar. - /camera2/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of central camera. - /camera2/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of central camera from lidar. - /camera5/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of right camera. - /camera5/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of right camera from lidar. - /novatel/oem7/bestpos – Latitude, longitude, and elevation information from NovAtel GNSS-INS system. - /points_raw – VLP-32 lidar point cloud. - /tf – Vehicle base frame. The data are organized into a data description file and one or more ROS .bag files, dependent on original file size. The data description file provides information about the data collection date, location, and detailed mapping, while the .bag file(s) contain the actual data. Please note that for the purpose of securing personally identifiable information, all license plates and faces included in this publication have been intentionally blurred during real-time processing. ![argonne shorewood image](argone-shorewood.png)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Raw_data_Batch_I: Ashland Avenue

Date of collection: May 26, 2023 Location: Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL This data set contains lidar and vision data collected along Ashland Avenue. A south-to-north run starts from the intersection of Irving Park and Ashland and ends at Andersonville Garden. A north-to-south run starts from Andersonville Garden and ends around the intersection of Irving Park and Ashland. The data contains the following Robot Operating System (ROS) topics: - /Central_Camera_blurred – Image flow from coaxial camera heading, vehicle front. - /Left_Camera_blurred – Image flow from left camera, 60° from central camera on the left side. - /Right_Camera_blurred – Image flow from right camera, 60° from central camera on the right side. - /camera0/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of left camera. - /camera0/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of left camera from lidar. - /camera2/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of central camera. - /camera2/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of central camera from lidar. - /camera5/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of right camera. - /camera5/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of right camera from lidar. - /novatel/oem7/bestpos – Latitude, longitude, and elevation information from NovAtel GNSS-INS system. - /points_raw – VLP-32 lidar point cloud. - /tf – Vehicle base frame. The data are organized into a data description file and one or more ROS .bag files, dependent on original file size. The data description file provides information about the data collection date, location, and detailed mapping, while the .bag file(s) contain the actual data. Please note that for the purpose of securing personally identifiable information, all license plates and faces included in this publication have been intentionally blurred during real-time processing. ![ashland avenue image](ashland-avenue.png)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Raw_data_Batch_I: Garfield Ridge

Date of collection: May 4, 2023 Location: Garfield Ridge, Chicago, IL This data set contains lidar and vision data collected in Garfield Ridge, Chicago. The vehicle started from the intersection of Garfield Ridge and S. Harlem, headed east until S. Central Ave. The vehicle headed south along S. Central Ave. until West 60th Street, headed west, and turned north along S. Austin Ave. until it turned west onto W. 59th Street. The vehicle then headed north along S. Harlem Ave. and returned to the intersection of Garfield Ridge and S. Harlem. The data contains the following Robot Operating System (ROS) topics: - /Central_Camera_blurred – Image flow from coaxial camera heading, vehicle front. - /Left_Camera_blurred – Image flow from left camera, 60° from central camera on the left side. - /Right_Camera_blurred – Image flow from right camera, 60° from central camera on the right side. - /camera0/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of left camera. - /camera0/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of left camera from lidar. - /camera2/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of central camera. - /camera2/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of central camera from lidar. - /camera5/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of right camera. - /camera5/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of right camera from lidar. - /novatel/oem7/bestpos – Latitude, longitude, and elevation information from NovAtel GNSS-INS system. - /points_raw – VLP-32 lidar point cloud. - /tf – Vehicle base frame. The data are organized into a data description file and one or more ROS .bag files, dependent on original file size. The data description file provides information about the data collection date, location, and detailed mapping, while the .bag file(s) contain the actual data. Please note that for the purpose of securing personally identifiable information, all license plates and faces included in this publication have been intentionally blurred during real-time processing. ![garfield ridge image](garfield-ridge.png)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Raw_data_Batch_I: Lakeshore Drive

Date of collection: May 18, 2023 Location: Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL Content: “North to South” “South to North” This data set contains lidar and vision data collected along Lakeshore Drive. The “South to North” folder starts from the intersection of Lakeshore Drive and 31st Street and ends at Hollywood Towers Chicago. The “North to South” folder starts from the intersection of Lakeshore Drive and Sheridan Avenue and ends at the 31st Street intersection. The data contains the following Robot Operating System (ROS) topics: - /Central_Camera_blurred – Image flow from coaxial camera heading, vehicle front. - /Left_Camera_blurred – Image flow from left camera, 60° from central camera on the left side. - /Right_Camera_blurred – Image flow from right camera, 60° from central camera on the right side. - /camera0/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of left camera. - /camera0/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of left camera from lidar. - /camera2/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of central camera. - /camera2/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of central camera from lidar. - /camera5/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of right camera. - /camera5/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of right camera from lidar. - /novatel/oem7/bestpos – Latitude, longitude, and elevation information from NovAtel GNSS-INS system. - /points_raw – VLP-32 lidar point cloud. - /tf – Vehicle base frame. The data are organized into a data description file and one or more ROS .bag files, dependent on original file size. The data description file provides information about the data collection date, location, and detailed mapping, while the .bag file(s) contain the actual data. Please note that for the purpose of securing personally identifiable information, all license plates and faces included in this publication have been intentionally blurred during real-time processing. ![lakeshore drive image](lakeshore-drive.png)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Raw_data_Batch_I: State Street

Date of collection: May 18, 2023 Location: State Street, Chicago, IL This data set contains lidar and vision data collected along State Street. The vehicle started from outside of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center at the Illinois Institute of Technology’s Mies Campus and headed north along State Street, until the north end of State Street in the Gold Coast. The data contains the following Robot Operating System (ROS) topics: - /Central_Camera_blurred – Image flow from coaxial camera heading, vehicle front. - /Left_Camera_blurred – Image flow from left camera, 60° from central camera on the left side. - /Right_Camera_blurred – Image flow from right camera, 60° from central camera on the right side. - /camera0/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of left camera. - /camera0/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of left camera from lidar. - /camera2/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of central camera. - /camera2/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of central camera from lidar. - /camera5/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of right camera. - /camera5/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of right camera from lidar. - /novatel/oem7/bestpos – Latitude, longitude, and elevation information from NovAtel GNSS-INS system. - /points_raw – VLP-32 lidar point cloud. - /tf – Vehicle base frame. The data are organized into a data description file and one or more ROS .bag files, dependent on original file size. The data description file provides information about the data collection date, location, and detailed mapping, while the .bag file(s) contain the actual data. Please note that for the purpose of securing personally identifiable information, all license plates and faces included in this publication have been intentionally blurred during real-time processing. ![state street image](state-street.png)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗